We have been passing enough information to enable the
compare-and-swap logic down to the transport layer, but the
transport helper was not passing it to smart-http transport.
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The last argument for parse_push_cas_option() is if it is "unset"
(i.e. --no-force-with-lease), and we are parsing the option with an
explicit value here, so it has to be 0.
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The push() method in remote-curl.c is not told and does not pass the
necessary information to underlying send-pack, so this extension
does not yet work.  Leave a note in the test suite.
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Prepare two repositories, src and dst, the latter of which is a
clone of the former (with tracking branches), and push from the
latter into the former, with various --force-with-lease options.
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

This teaches the deepest part of the callchain for "git push" (and
"git send-pack") to enforce "the old value of the ref must be this,
otherwise fail this push" (aka "compare-and-swap" / "--lockref").
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

This plugs the push_cas_option data collected by the command line
option parser to the transport system with a new function
apply_push_cas(), which is called after match_push_refs() has
already been called.

At this point, we know which remote we are talking to, and what
remote refs we are going to update, so we can fill in the details
that may have been missing from the command line, such as

 (1) what abbreviated refname the user gave us matches the actual
     refname at the remote; and

 (2) which remote-tracking branch in our local repository to read
     the value of the object to expect at the remote.

to populate the old_sha1_expect[] field of each of the remote ref.
As stated in the documentation, the use of remote-tracking branch
as the default is a tentative one, and we may come up with a better
logic as we gain experience.

Still nobody uses this information, which is the topic of the next
patch.
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Update "git push" and "git send-pack" to parse this commnd line
option.

The intended sematics is:

 * "--force-with-lease" alone, without specifying the details, will
   protect _all_ remote refs that are going to be updated by
   requiring their current value to be the same as some reasonable
   default, unless otherwise specified;

 * "--force-with-lease=refname", without specifying the expected
   value, will protect that refname, if it is going to be updated,
   by requiring its current value to be the same as some reasonable
   default.

 * "--force-with-lease=refname:value" will protect that refname, if
   it is going to be updated, by requiring its current value to be
   the same as the specified value; and

 * "--no-force-with-lease" will cancel all the previous --force-with-lease on the
   command line.

For now, "some reasonable default" is tentatively defined as "the
value of the remote-tracking branch we have for the ref of the
remote being updated", and it is an error if we do not have such a
remote-tracking branch.  But this is known to be fragile, its use is
not yet recommended, and hopefully we will find more reasonable
default as we gain experience with this feature.  The manual marks
the feature as experimental unless the expected value is specified
explicitly for this reason.

Because the command line options are parsed _before_ we know which
remote we are pushing to, there needs further processing to the
parsed data after we instantiate the transport object to:

 * expand "refname" given by the user to a full refname to be
   matched with the list of "struct ref" used in match_push_refs()
   and set_ref_status_for_push(); and

 * learning the actual local ref that is the remote-tracking branch
   for the specified remote ref.

Further, some processing need to be deferred until we find the set
of remote refs and match_push_refs() returns in order to find the
ones that need to be checked after explicit ones have been processed
for "--force-with-lease" (no specific details).

These post-processing will be the topic of the next patch.

This option was originally called "cas" (for "compare and swap"),
the name which nobody liked because it was too technical.  The
second attempt called it "lockref" (because it is conceptually like
pushing after taking a lock) but the word "lock" was hated because
it implied that it may reject push by others, which is not the way
this option works.  This round calls it "force-with-lease".  You
assume you took the lease on the ref when you fetched to decide what
the rebased history should be, and you can push back only if the
lease has not been broken.
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The command line parser of "git push" for "--tags", "--delete", and
"--thin" options still used outdated OPT_BOOLEAN.  Because these
options do not give escalating levels when given multiple times,
they should use OPT_BOOL.
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The definition of "struct ref" in "cache.h", a header file so
central to the system, always confused me.  This structure is not
about the local ref used by sha1-name API to name local objects.

It is what refspecs are expanded into, after finding out what refs
the other side has, to define what refs are updated after object
transfer succeeds to what values.  It belongs to "remote.h" together
with "struct refspec".

While we are at it, also move the types and functions related to the
Git transport connection to a new header file connect.h
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

* maint:
  fixup-builtins: retire an old transition helper script

Allows N instances of tests run in parallel, each running 1/N parts
of the test suite under Valgrind, to speed things up.

* tr/test-v-and-v-subtest-only:
  perf-lib: fix start/stop of perf tests
  test-lib: support running tests under valgrind in parallel
  test-lib: allow prefixing a custom string before "ok N" etc.
  test-lib: valgrind for only tests matching a pattern
  test-lib: verbose mode for only tests matching a pattern
  test-lib: self-test that --verbose works
  test-lib: rearrange start/end of test_expect_* and test_skip
  test-lib: refactor $GIT_SKIP_TESTS matching
  test-lib: enable MALLOC_* for the actual tests

This script was added in 36e5e70e (Start deprecating "git-command" in
favor of "git command", 2007-06-30) with the intent of aiding the
transition away from dashed forms.

It has already been used to help the transision and served its
purpose, and is no longer very useful for follow-up work, because
the majority of remaining matches it finds are false positives.
Signed-off-by: NRamkumar Ramachandra <artagnon@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NJeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

* maint:
  Update draft release notes to 1.8.3.3
  git-config: update doc for --get with multiple values

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

* rr/diffcore-pickaxe-doc:
  diffcore-pickaxe doc: document -S and -G properly
  diffcore-pickaxe: make error messages more consistent

* cr/git-work-tree-sans-git-dir:
  git.txt: remove stale comment regarding GIT_WORK_TREE

* fc/do-not-use-the-index-in-add-to-index:
  read-cache: trivial style cleanups
  read-cache: fix wrong 'the_index' usage

* dm/unbash-subtree:
  contrib/git-subtree: Use /bin/sh interpreter instead of /bin/bash

* jc/core-checkstat:
  deprecate core.statinfo at Git 2.0 boundary

* jc/t5551-posix-sed-bre:
  t5551: do not use unportable sed '\+'

* vv/help-unknown-ref:
  merge: use help_unknown_ref()
  help: add help_unknown_ref()

* rs/empty-archive:
  t5004: resurrect original empty tar archive test
  t5004: avoid using tar for checking emptiness of archive

Conflicts:
	t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh

* rh/merge-options-doc-fix:
  Documentation/merge-options.txt: restore `-e` option

* an/diff-index-doc:
  Documentation/diff-index: mention two modes of operation

"gitweb" forgot to clear a global variable $search_regexp upon each
request, mistakenly carrying over the previous search to a new one
when used as a persistent CGI.

* cm/gitweb-project-list-persistent-cgi-fix:
  gitweb: fix problem causing erroneous project list

The wildmatch engine did not honor WM_CASEFOLD option correctly.

* ar/wildmatch-foldcase:
  wildmatch: properly fold case everywhere

"git log -c --follow $path" segfaulted upon hitting the commit that
renamed the $path being followed.

* cb/log-follow-with-combined:
  fix segfault with git log -c --follow

When a reflog notation is used for implicit "current branch", we did
not say which branch, and worse said "branch ''".

* rr/die-on-missing-upstream:
  sha1_name: fix error message for @{<N>}, @{<date>}
  sha1_name: fix error message for @{u}

* maint-1.8.2:
  git-config: update doc for --get with multiple values

* maint-1.8.1:
  git-config: update doc for --get with multiple values

Commit e83d36b6 turned "print STDOUT" into "print {*STDOUT}", as
suggested by perlcritic. Unfortunately, it also changed two "binmode
STDOUT" calls the same way, which does not work and yield a "Not a GLOB
reference" error.
Signed-off-by: NMatthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Since commit 00b347d3 (git-config: do not complain about duplicate
entries, 2012-10-23), "git config --get" does not exit with an error if
there are multiple values for the specified key but instead returns the
last value.  Update the documentation to reflect this.
Signed-off-by: NJohn Keeping <john@keeping.me.uk>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

* maint:
  t7500: fix flipped actual/expect
  lib-rebase: document exec_ in FAKE_LINES

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The original way to specify remote repository using .git/branches/
used to have a nifty feature.  The code to support the feature was
still in a function but the caller was changed not to call it 5
years ago, breaking that feature and leaving the supporting code
unreachable.

* rr/remote-branch-config-refresh:
  t/t5505-remote: test multiple push/pull in remotes-file
  ls-remote doc: don't encourage use of branches-file
  ls-remote doc: rewrite <repository> paragraph
  ls-remote doc: fix example invocation on git.git
  t/t5505-remote: test url-with-# in branches-file
  remote: remove dead code in read_branches_file()
  t/t5505-remote: use test_path_is_missing
  t/t5505-remote: test push-refspec in branches-file
  t/t5505-remote: modernize style

Code clean-up for in-prompt status script (in contrib/).

* ed/color-prompt:
  git-prompt.sh: add missing information in comments
  git-prompt.sh: do not print duplicate clean color code
  t9903: remove redundant tests
  git-prompt.sh: refactor colored prompt code
  t9903: add tests for git-prompt pcmode

Having multiple "fixup!" on a line in the rebase instruction sheet
did not work very well with "git rebase -i --autosquash".

* ap/rebase-multiple-fixups:
  lib-rebase: style: use write_script, <<-\EOF
  rebase -i: handle fixup! fixup! in --autosquash

Promote "git am --continue" over "git am --resolved" for UI
consistency.

* kb/am-deprecate-resolved:
  am: replace uses of --resolved with --continue

* rr/column-doc:
  column doc: rewrite documentation for column.ui

* ft/doc-git-transport:
  documentation: add git:// transport security notice