Replace mmap with xmmap, better handling MAP_FAILED.

In some cases we did not even bother to check the return value of
mmap() and just assume it worked.  This is bad, because if we are
out of virtual address space the kernel returned MAP_FAILED and we
would attempt to dereference that address, segfaulting without any
real error output to the user.

We are replacing all calls to mmap() with xmmap() and moving all
MAP_FAILED checking into that single location.  If a mmap call
fails we try to release enough least-recently-used pack windows
to possibly succeed, then retry the mmap() attempt.  If we cannot
mmap even after releasing pack memory then we die() as none of our
callers have any reasonable recovery strategy for a failed mmap.
Signed-off-by: NShawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>

config.c

@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ int git_config_set_multivar(const char* key, const char* value,
 		}
 
 		fstat(in_fd, &st);
-		contents = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ,
+		contents = xmmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ,
 			MAP_PRIVATE, in_fd, 0);
 		close(in_fd);
 

diff.c

@@ -1341,10 +1341,8 @@ int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
 		fd = open(s->path, O_RDONLY);
 		if (fd < 0)
 			goto err_empty;
-		s->data = mmap(NULL, s->size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+		s->data = xmmap(NULL, s->size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
 		close(fd);
-		if (s->data == MAP_FAILED)
-			goto err_empty;
 		s->should_munmap = 1;
 	}
 	else {

git-compat-util.h

@@ -188,6 +188,19 @@ static inline void *xcalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static inline void *xmmap(void *start, size_t length,
+	int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset)
+{
+	void *ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
+	if (ret == MAP_FAILED) {
+		release_pack_memory(length);
+		ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
+		if (ret == MAP_FAILED)
+			die("Out of memory? mmap failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static inline ssize_t xread(int fd, void *buf, size_t len)
 {
 	ssize_t nr;

read-cache.c

@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ int read_cache_from(const char *path)
 		cache_mmap_size = st.st_size;
 		errno = EINVAL;
 		if (cache_mmap_size >= sizeof(struct cache_header) + 20)
-			cache_mmap = mmap(NULL, cache_mmap_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+			cache_mmap = xmmap(NULL, cache_mmap_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
 	}
 	close(fd);
 	if (cache_mmap == MAP_FAILED)

refs.c

@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ int read_ref_at(const char *ref, unsigned long at_time, int cnt, unsigned char *
 	fstat(logfd, &st);
 	if (!st.st_size)
 		die("Log %s is empty.", logfile);
-	logdata = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, logfd, 0);
+	logdata = xmmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, logfd, 0);
 	close(logfd);
 
 	lastrec = NULL;

sha1_file.c

@@ -355,10 +355,8 @@ static void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth)
 		close(fd);
 		return;
 	}
-	map = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+	map = xmmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
 	close(fd);
-	if (map == MAP_FAILED)
-		return;
 
 	link_alt_odb_entries(map, map + st.st_size, '\n', relative_base, depth);
 
@@ -442,10 +440,8 @@ static int check_packed_git_idx(const char *path, unsigned long *idx_size_,
 		return -1;
 	}
 	idx_size = st.st_size;
-	idx_map = mmap(NULL, idx_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+	idx_map = xmmap(NULL, idx_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
 	close(fd);
-	if (idx_map == MAP_FAILED)
-		return -1;
 
 	index = idx_map;
 	*idx_map_ = idx_map;
@@ -630,7 +626,7 @@ unsigned char* use_pack(struct packed_git *p,
 			while (packed_git_limit < pack_mapped
 				&& unuse_one_window(p))
 				; /* nothing */
-			win->base = mmap(NULL, win->len,
+			win->base = xmmap(NULL, win->len,
 				PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE,
 				p->pack_fd, win->offset);
 			if (win->base == MAP_FAILED)
@@ -828,10 +824,8 @@ void *map_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size)
 		 */
 		sha1_file_open_flag = 0;
 	}
-	map = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+	map = xmmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
 	close(fd);
-	if (map == MAP_FAILED)
-		return NULL;
 	*size = st.st_size;
 	return map;
 }
@@ -1987,10 +1981,8 @@ int index_fd(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, struct stat *st, int write_object, con
 
 	buf = "";
 	if (size)
-		buf = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+		buf = xmmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
 	close(fd);
-	if (buf == MAP_FAILED)
-		return -1;
 
 	if (!type)
 		type = blob_type;