strbuf change: be sure ->buf is never ever NULL.

For that purpose, the ->buf is always initialized with a char * buf living
in the strbuf module. It is made a char * so that we can sloppily accept
things that perform: sb->buf[0] = '\0', and because you can't pass "" as an
initializer for ->buf without making gcc unhappy for very good reasons.

strbuf_init/_detach/_grow have been fixed to trust ->alloc and not ->buf
anymore.

as a consequence strbuf_detach is _mandatory_ to detach a buffer, copying
->buf isn't an option anymore, if ->buf is going to escape from the scope,
and eventually be free'd.

API changes:
  * strbuf_setlen now always works, so just make strbuf_reset a convenience
    macro.
  * strbuf_detatch takes a size_t* optional argument (meaning it can be
    NULL) to copy the buffer's len, as it was needed for this refactor to
    make the code more readable, and working like the callers.
Signed-off-by: NPierre Habouzit <madcoder@debian.org>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

builtin-apply.c

@@ -178,14 +178,13 @@ static void say_patch_name(FILE *output, const char *pre, struct patch *patch, c
 #define CHUNKSIZE (8192)
 #define SLOP (16)
 
-static void *read_patch_file(int fd, unsigned long *sizep)
+static void *read_patch_file(int fd, size_t *sizep)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf;
 
 	strbuf_init(&buf, 0);
 	if (strbuf_read(&buf, fd, 0) < 0)
 		die("git-apply: read returned %s", strerror(errno));
-	*sizep = buf.len;
 
 	/*
 	 * Make sure that we have some slop in the buffer
@@ -194,7 +193,7 @@ static void *read_patch_file(int fd, unsigned long *sizep)
 	 */
 	strbuf_grow(&buf, SLOP);
 	memset(buf.buf + buf.len, 0, SLOP);
-	return strbuf_detach(&buf);
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, sizep);
 }
 
 static unsigned long linelen(const char *buffer, unsigned long size)
@@ -253,7 +252,7 @@ static char *find_name(const char *line, char *def, int p_value, int terminate)
 				 */
 				strbuf_remove(&name, 0, cp - name.buf);
 				free(def);
-				return name.buf;
+				return strbuf_detach(&name, NULL);
 			}
 		}
 		strbuf_release(&name);
@@ -607,7 +606,7 @@ static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
 			if (strcmp(cp + 1, first.buf))
 				goto free_and_fail1;
 			strbuf_release(&sp);
-			return first.buf;
+			return strbuf_detach(&first, NULL);
 		}
 
 		/* unquoted second */
@@ -618,7 +617,7 @@ static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
 		if (line + llen - cp != first.len + 1 ||
 		    memcmp(first.buf, cp, first.len))
 			goto free_and_fail1;
-		return first.buf;
+		return strbuf_detach(&first, NULL);
 
 	free_and_fail1:
 		strbuf_release(&first);
@@ -655,7 +654,7 @@ static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
 			    isspace(name[len])) {
 				/* Good */
 				strbuf_remove(&sp, 0, np - sp.buf);
-				return sp.buf;
+				return strbuf_detach(&sp, NULL);
 			}
 
 		free_and_fail2:
@@ -1968,8 +1967,7 @@ static int apply_data(struct patch *patch, struct stat *st, struct cache_entry *
 
 	if (apply_fragments(&buf, patch) < 0)
 		return -1; /* note with --reject this succeeds. */
-	patch->result = buf.buf;
-	patch->resultsize = buf.len;
+	patch->result = strbuf_detach(&buf, &patch->resultsize);
 
 	if (0 < patch->is_delete && patch->resultsize)
 		return error("removal patch leaves file contents");

builtin-archive.c

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ static void format_subst(const struct commit *commit,
 	struct strbuf fmt;
 
 	if (src == buf->buf)
-		to_free = strbuf_detach(buf);
+		to_free = strbuf_detach(buf, NULL);
 	strbuf_init(&fmt, 0);
 	for (;;) {
 		const char *b, *c;
@@ -153,8 +153,7 @@ void *sha1_file_to_archive(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
 		strbuf_attach(&buf, buffer, *sizep, *sizep + 1);
 		convert_to_working_tree(path, buf.buf, buf.len, &buf);
 		convert_to_archive(path, buf.buf, buf.len, &buf, commit);
-		*sizep = buf.len;
-		buffer = buf.buf;
+		buffer = strbuf_detach(&buf, sizep);
 	}
 
 	return buffer;

builtin-fetch--tool.c

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ static char *get_stdin(void)
 	if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 1024) < 0) {
 		die("error reading standard input: %s", strerror(errno));
 	}
-	return strbuf_detach(&buf);
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
 static void show_new(enum object_type type, unsigned char *sha1_new)

commit.c

@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ static char *replace_encoding_header(char *buf, const char *encoding)
 					  len - strlen("encoding \n"),
 					  encoding, strlen(encoding));
 	}
-	return tmp.buf;
+	return strbuf_detach(&tmp, NULL);
 }
 
 static char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,

convert.c

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ static int crlf_to_worktree(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
 
 	/* are we "faking" in place editing ? */
 	if (src == buf->buf)
-		to_free = strbuf_detach(buf);
+		to_free = strbuf_detach(buf, NULL);
 
 	strbuf_grow(buf, len + stats.lf - stats.crlf);
 	for (;;) {
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ static int ident_to_worktree(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
 
 	/* are we "faking" in place editing ? */
 	if (src == buf->buf)
-		to_free = strbuf_detach(buf);
+		to_free = strbuf_detach(buf, NULL);
 	hash_sha1_file(src, len, "blob", sha1);
 
 	strbuf_grow(buf, len + cnt * 43);

diff.c

@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ static char *quote_two(const char *one, const char *two)
 		strbuf_addstr(&res, one);
 		strbuf_addstr(&res, two);
 	}
-	return res.buf;
+	return strbuf_detach(&res, NULL);
 }
 
 static const char *external_diff(void)
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ static char *pprint_rename(const char *a, const char *b)
 		quote_c_style(a, &name, NULL, 0);
 		strbuf_addstr(&name, " => ");
 		quote_c_style(b, &name, NULL, 0);
-		return name.buf;
+		return strbuf_detach(&name, NULL);
 	}
 
 	/* Find common prefix */
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ static char *pprint_rename(const char *a, const char *b)
 		strbuf_addch(&name, '}');
 		strbuf_add(&name, a + len_a - sfx_length, sfx_length);
 	}
-	return name.buf;
+	return strbuf_detach(&name, NULL);
 }
 
 struct diffstat_t {
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ static void show_stats(struct diffstat_t* data, struct diff_options *options)
 			strbuf_init(&buf, 0);
 			if (quote_c_style(file->name, &buf, NULL, 0)) {
 				free(file->name);
-				file->name = buf.buf;
+				file->name = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 			} else {
 				strbuf_release(&buf);
 			}
@@ -1519,8 +1519,7 @@ static int populate_from_stdin(struct diff_filespec *s)
 				     strerror(errno));
 
 	s->should_munmap = 0;
-	s->size = buf.len;
-	s->data = strbuf_detach(&buf);
+	s->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, &s->size);
 	s->should_free = 1;
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -1612,8 +1611,7 @@ int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
 		if (convert_to_git(s->path, s->data, s->size, &buf)) {
 			munmap(s->data, s->size);
 			s->should_munmap = 0;
-			s->data = buf.buf;
-			s->size = buf.len;
+			s->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, &s->size);
 			s->should_free = 1;
 		}
 	}

entry.c

@@ -120,8 +120,7 @@ static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path, const struct checkout
 		strbuf_init(&buf, 0);
 		if (convert_to_working_tree(ce->name, new, size, &buf)) {
 			free(new);
-			new = buf.buf;
-			size = buf.len;
+			new = strbuf_detach(&buf, &size);
 		}
 
 		if (to_tempfile) {

fast-import.c

@@ -1562,7 +1562,7 @@ static int read_next_command(void)
 		} else {
 			struct recent_command *rc;
 
-			strbuf_detach(&command_buf);
+			strbuf_detach(&command_buf, NULL);
 			stdin_eof = strbuf_getline(&command_buf, stdin, '\n');
 			if (stdin_eof)
 				return EOF;

imap-send.c

@@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ read_message( FILE *f, msg_data_t *msg )
 	} while (!feof(f));
 
 	msg->len  = buf.len;
-	msg->data = strbuf_detach(&buf);
+	msg->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 	return msg->len;
 }
 

quote.c

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ void sq_quote_buf(struct strbuf *dst, const char *src)
 	char *to_free = NULL;
 
 	if (dst->buf == src)
-		to_free = strbuf_detach(dst);
+		to_free = strbuf_detach(dst, NULL);
 
 	strbuf_addch(dst, '\'');
 	while (*src) {

sha1_file.c

@@ -2340,8 +2340,7 @@ int index_fd(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, struct stat *st, int write_object,
 		strbuf_init(&nbuf, 0);
 		if (convert_to_git(path, buf, size, &nbuf)) {
 			munmap(buf, size);
-			size = nbuf.len;
-			buf = nbuf.buf;
+			buf = strbuf_detach(&nbuf, &size);
 			re_allocated = 1;
 		}
 	}

strbuf.c

 #include "cache.h"
 
+/*
+ * Used as the default ->buf value, so that people can always assume
+ * buf is non NULL and ->buf is NUL terminated even for a freshly
+ * initialized strbuf.
+ */
+char strbuf_slopbuf[1];
+
 void strbuf_init(struct strbuf *sb, size_t hint)
 {
-	memset(sb, 0, sizeof(*sb));
+	sb->alloc = sb->len = 0;
+	sb->buf = strbuf_slopbuf;
 	if (hint)
 		strbuf_grow(sb, hint);
 }
 
 void strbuf_release(struct strbuf *sb)
 {
-	free(sb->buf);
-	memset(sb, 0, sizeof(*sb));
-}
-
-void strbuf_reset(struct strbuf *sb)
-{
-	if (sb->len)
-		strbuf_setlen(sb, 0);
+	if (sb->alloc) {
+		free(sb->buf);
+		strbuf_init(sb, 0);
+	}
 }
 
-char *strbuf_detach(struct strbuf *sb)
+char *strbuf_detach(struct strbuf *sb, size_t *sz)
 {
-	char *res = sb->buf;
+	char *res = sb->alloc ? sb->buf : NULL;
+	if (sz)
+		*sz = sb->len;
 	strbuf_init(sb, 0);
 	return res;
 }
@@ -40,6 +46,8 @@ void strbuf_grow(struct strbuf *sb, size_t extra)
 {
 	if (sb->len + extra + 1 <= sb->len)
 		die("you want to use way too much memory");
+	if (!sb->alloc)
+		sb->buf = NULL;
 	ALLOC_GROW(sb->buf, sb->len + extra + 1, sb->alloc);
 }
 

strbuf.h

@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@
  * 1. the ->buf member is always malloc-ed, hence strbuf's can be used to
  *    build complex strings/buffers whose final size isn't easily known.
  *
- *    It is legal to copy the ->buf pointer away. Though if you want to reuse
- *    the strbuf after that, setting ->buf to NULL isn't legal.
+ *    It is NOT legal to copy the ->buf pointer away.
  *    `strbuf_detach' is the operation that detachs a buffer from its shell
  *    while keeping the shell valid wrt its invariants.
  *
@@ -41,19 +40,19 @@
 
 #include <assert.h>
 
+extern char strbuf_slopbuf[];
 struct strbuf {
 	size_t alloc;
 	size_t len;
 	char *buf;
 };
 
-#define STRBUF_INIT  { 0, 0, NULL }
+#define STRBUF_INIT  { 0, 0, strbuf_slopbuf }
 
 /*----- strbuf life cycle -----*/
 extern void strbuf_init(struct strbuf *, size_t);
 extern void strbuf_release(struct strbuf *);
-extern void strbuf_reset(struct strbuf *);
-extern char *strbuf_detach(struct strbuf *);
+extern char *strbuf_detach(struct strbuf *, size_t *);
 extern void strbuf_attach(struct strbuf *, void *, size_t, size_t);
 static inline void strbuf_swap(struct strbuf *a, struct strbuf *b) {
 	struct strbuf tmp = *a;
@@ -75,6 +74,7 @@ static inline void strbuf_setlen(struct strbuf *sb, size_t len) {
 	sb->len = len;
 	sb->buf[len] = '\0';
 }
+#define strbuf_reset(sb)  strbuf_setlen(sb, 0)
 
 /*----- content related -----*/
 extern void strbuf_rtrim(struct strbuf *);