remote helpers: avoid blind fall-back to ".git" when setting GIT_DIR

To push from or fetch to the current repository, remote helpers need
to know what repository that is.  Accordingly, Git sets the GIT_DIR
environment variable to the path to the current repository when
invoking remote helpers.

There is a special case it does not handle: "git ls-remote" and "git
archive --remote" can be run to inspect a remote repository without
being run from any local repository.  GIT_DIR is not useful in this
scenario:

- if we are not in a repository, we don't need to set GIT_DIR to
  override an existing GIT_DIR value from the environment.  If GIT_DIR
  is present then we would be in a repository if it were valid and
  would have called die() if it weren't.

- not setting GIT_DIR may cause a helper to do the usual discovery
  walk to find the repository.  But we know we're not in one, or we
  would have found it ourselves.  So in the worst case it may expend
  a little extra effort to try to find a repository and fail (for
  example, remote-curl would do this to try to find repository-level
  configuration).

So leave GIT_DIR unset in this case.  This makes GIT_DIR easier to
understand for remote helper authors and makes transport code less of
a special case for repository discovery.

Noticed using b1ef400e (setup_git_env: avoid blind fall-back to
".git", 2016-10-20) from 'next':

 $ cd /tmp
 $ git ls-remote https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/git/git
 fatal: BUG: setup_git_env called without repository
Helped-by: NJeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: NJonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

t/t5550-http-fetch-dumb.sh

@@ -34,6 +34,15 @@ test_expect_success 'clone http repository' '
 	test_cmp file clone/file
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'list refs from outside any repository' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	$(git rev-parse master)	HEAD
+	$(git rev-parse master)	refs/heads/master
+	EOF
+	nongit git ls-remote "$HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo.git" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'create password-protected repository' '
 	mkdir -p "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/dumb/" &&
 	cp -Rf "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \

transport-helper.c

@@ -124,8 +124,9 @@ static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 	helper->git_cmd = 0;
 	helper->silent_exec_failure = 1;
 
-	argv_array_pushf(&helper->env_array, "%s=%s", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
-			 get_git_dir());
+	if (have_git_dir())
+		argv_array_pushf(&helper->env_array, "%s=%s",
+				 GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, get_git_dir());
 
 	code = start_command(helper);
 	if (code < 0 && errno == ENOENT)