Some, but not all, md array support data redundancy and hence support checking
and restoring that redundancy (resync, rebuild).

Some attributes apply specifically to functions involving this redundancy, and
so should only appear for md arrays for which they are meaningful.  i.e.  they
should not appear for raid0, linear, multpath, faulty.

This patch separates these into a distinct group and creates the group only if
the personality supports sync_request.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Acked-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

1/ I really should be using the __ATTR macros for defining attributes, so
   that the .owner field get set properly, otherwise modules can be removed
   while sysfs files are open.  This also involves some name changes of _show
   routines.

2/ Always lock the mddev (against reconfiguration) for all sysfs attribute
   access.  This easily avoid certain races and is completely consistant with
   other interfaces (ioctl and /proc/mdstat both always lock against
   reconfiguration).

3/ raid5 attributes must check that the 'conf' structure actually exists
   (the array could have been stopped while an attribute file was open).

4/ A missing 'kfree' from when the raid5_conf_t was converted to have a
   kobject embedded, and then converted back again.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Acked-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

If a block_device is a partition, then it's kobject is
  bdev->bd_part->kobj
otherwise (if it is a full device), the kobject is
  bdev->bd_disk->kobj

As md wants back-links to the correct object (whether partition or not), we
need to respect this difference...  (Thus current code shows a link to the
whole device, whether we are using a partition or not, which is wrong).
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Acked-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

When an md array is started, the superblock will be written, and resync may
commense.  This is not good if you want to be completely read-only as, for
example, when preparing to resume from a suspend-to-disk image.

So introduce a module parameter "start_ro" which can be set
to '1' at boot, at module load, or via
  /sys/module/md_mod/parameters/start_ro

When this is set, new arrays get an 'auto-ro' mode, which disables all
internal io (superblock updates, resync, recovery) and is automatically
switched to 'rw' when the first write request arrives.

The array can be set to true 'ro' mode using 'mdadm -r' before the first
write request, or resync can be started without a write using 'mdadm -w'.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

With version-0.90 superblock, component devices on an md device to not have
any stable name related to the array -(version-1 assigns a fixed index when
a device is added to an array, and this remains despit any hot-swap).

The intial code for making these devices appear in sysfs used dynamic
names, which would change whenever a hot-spare was swapped for a failed or
missing device.  This turns out not to be practical in sysfs for a number
of reasons.

This patch changes then naming of component devices to be based on the
result of 'bdevname'.  This is stable and should be unique.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

We can only accept BARRIER requests if all slaves handle
barriers, and that can, of course, change with time....

So we keep track of whether the whole array seems safe for barriers,
and also whether each individual rdev handles barriers.

We initially assumes barriers are OK.

When writing the superblock we try a barrier, and if that fails, we flag
things for no-barriers.  This will usually clear the flags fairly quickly.

If writing the superblock finds that BIO_RW_BARRIER is -ENOTSUPP, we need to
resubmit, so introduce function "md_super_wait" which waits for requests to
finish, and retries ENOTSUPP requests without the barrier flag.

When writing the real raid1, write requests which were BIO_RW_BARRIER but
which aresn't supported need to be retried.  So raid1d is enhanced to do this,
and when any bio write completes (i.e.  no retry needed) we remove it from the
r1bio, so that devices needing retry are easy to find.

We should hardly ever get -ENOTSUPP errors when writing data to the raid.
It should only happen if:
  1/ the device used to support BARRIER, but now doesn't.  Few devices
     change like this, though raid1 can!
or
  2/ the array has no persistent superblock, so there was no opportunity to
     pre-test for barriers when writing the superblock.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Current bitmaps use set_bit et.al and so are host-endian, which means
not-portable.  Oops.

Define a new version number (4) for which bitmaps are little-endian.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This has the advantage of removing the confusion caused by 'rdev_t' and
'mddev_t' both having 'in_sync' fields.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Two refinements to the 'attempt-overwrite-on-read-error' mechanism.
1/ If the array is read-only, don't attempt an over-write.
2/ If there are more than max_nr_stripes read errors on a device with
   no success, fail the drive.  This will make sure a dead
   drive will be eventually kicked even when we aren't trying
   to rewrite (which would normally kick a dead drive more quickly.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

There isn't really a need for raid5 attributes to be an a subdirectory,
so this patch moves them from
  /sys/block/mdX/md/raid5/attribute
to
  /sys/block/mdX/md/attribute

This suggests that all md personalities should co-operate about
namespace usage, but that shouldn't be a problem.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

1/ Use reduce stack usage, because 'gcc' apparently doesn't overlay
   different variables  that are in separate scopes...

2/ Use test_bit instead of ( .. & 1<< ..) which in this case is buggy.

Thanks to Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Thanks Greg.

Cc:  Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

With this, raid5 can be asked to check parity without repairing it.  It also
keeps a count of the number of incorrect parity blocks found (mismatches) and
reports them through sysfs.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

You can trigger a 'check' with
  echo check > /sys/block/mdX/md/scan_mode
or a check-and-repair errors with
  echo repair > /sys/block/mdX/md/scan_mode

and read the current state from the same file.

Note: personalities need to know the different between 'check' and 'repair',
but don't yet.  Until they do, 'check' will be the same as 'repair' and will
just do a normal resync pass.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Each device in an md array how has a corresponding
  /sys/block/mdX/md/devNN/
directory which can contain attributes.  Currently there is only 'state' which
summarises the state, nd 'super' which has a copy of the superblock, and
'block' which is a symlink to the block device.

Also, /sys/block/mdX/md/rdNN represents slot 'NN' in the array, and is a
symlink to the relevant 'devNN'.  Obviously spare devices do not have a slot
in the array, and so don't have such a symlink.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Start using kobjects in mddevs, and provide a couple of simple attributes
(level and disks).  Attributes live in
  /sys/block/mdX/md/attr-name
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Instead of having ->read_sectors and ->write_sectors, combine the two
into ->sectors[2] and similar for the other fields. This saves a branch
several places in the io path, since we don't have to care for what the
actual io direction is. On my x86-64 box, that's 200 bytes less text in
just the core (not counting the various drivers).
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>

There are still a couple of cases where md threads (the resync/recovery
thread) is not interruptible since the change to use kthreads.  All places
there it tests "signal_pending", it should also test kthread_should_stop,
as with this patch.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

The main problem fixes is that in certain situations stopping md arrays may
take longer than you expect, or may require multiple attempts.  This would
only happen when resync/recovery is happening.

This patch fixes three vaguely related bugs.

1/ The recent change to use kthreads got the setting of the
   process name wrong.  This fixes it.
2/ The recent change to use kthreads lost the ability for
   md threads to be signalled with SIG_KILL.  This restores that.
3/ There is a long standing bug in that if:
    - An array needs recovery (onto a hot-spare) and
    - The recovery is being blocked because some other array being
       recovered shares a physical device and
    - The recovery thread is killed with SIG_KILL
   Then the recovery will appear to have completed with no IO being
   done, which can cause data corruption.
   This patch makes sure that incomplete recovery will be treated as
   incomplete.

Note that any kernel affected by bug 2 will not suffer the problem of bug
3, as the signal can never be delivered.  Thus the current 2.6.14-rc
kernels are not susceptible to data corruption.  Note also that if arrays
are shutdown (with "mdadm -S" or "raidstop") then the problem doesn't
occur.  It only happens if a SIGKILL is independently delivered as done by
'init' when shutting down.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This patch contains the most trivial from Rusty's trivial patches:
- spelling fixes
- remove duplicate includes
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

There was another case where sb_size wasn't being set, so instead do the
sensible thing and set if when filling in the content of a superblock.  That
ensures that whenever we write a superblock, the sb_size MUST be set.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

[PATCH] md: make sure the new 'sb_size' is set properly device added without pre-existing superblock.

There are two ways to add devices to an md/raid array.

  It can have superblock written to it, and then given to the md driver,
  which will read the superblock (the new way)

or

  md can be told (through SET_ARRAY_INFO) the shape of the array, and
  the told about individual drives, and md will create the required
  superblock (the old way).

The newly introduced sb_size was only set for drives being added the
new way, not the old ways.  Oops :-(
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Just like failed drives have (F), so spare drives now have (S).
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Leave it unchanged if the original (0.90) is used, incase it might be a
compatability problem.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Doh.  I want the physical hard-sector-size, not the current block size...
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

On reflection, a better default location for hot-adding bitmaps with version-1
superblocks is immediately after the superblock.  There might not be much room
there, but there is usually atleast 3k, and that is a good start.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Switch MD to use the kthread infrastructure, to simplify the code and get rid
of tasklist_lock abuse in md_unregister_thread.

Also don't flush signals in md_thread, as the called thread will always do
that.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This is a direct port of the raid5 patch.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Most awkward part of this is delaying write requests until bitmap updates have
been flushed.

To achieve this, we have a sequence number (seq_flush) which is incremented
each time the raid5 is unplugged.

If the raid thread notices that this has changed, it flushes bitmap changes,
and assigned the value of seq_flush to seq_write.

When a write request arrives, it is given the number from seq_write, and that
write request may not complete until seq_flush is larger than the saved seq
number.

We have a new queue for storing stripes which are waiting for a bitmap flush
and an extra flag for stripes to record if the write was 'degraded' and so
should not clear the a bit in the bitmap.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

version-1 superblocks are not (normally) 4K long, and can be of variable size.
 Writing the full 4K can cause corruption (but only in non-default
configurations).

With this patch the super-block-flavour can choose a size to read, and set a
size to write based on what it finds.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

As this is used to flag an internal bitmap.

Also, introduce symbolic names for feature bits.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

It is possibly (and occasionally useful) to have a raid1 without persistent
superblocks.  The code in add_new_disk for adding a device to such an array
always tries to read a superblock.

This will obviously fail.

So do the appropriate test and call md_import_device with
appropriate args.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This allows a device in a raid1 to be marked as "write mostly".  Read requests
will only be sent if there is no other option.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Both file-bitmaps and superblock bitmaps are supported.

If you add a bitmap file on the array device, you lose.

This introduces a 'default_bitmap_offset' field in mddev, as the ioctl used
for adding a superblock bitmap doesn't have room for giving an offset.  Later,
this value will be setable via sysfs.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

... otherwise we loose a reference and can never free the file.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

It's possible for this to still have flags in it and a previous instance
has been stopped, and that confused the new array using the same mddev.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

I just discovered this is needed for module auto-loading.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

We weren't actually waking up the md thread after setting
MD_RECOVERY_NEEDED when assembling an array, so it is possible to lose a
race and not actually start resync.

So add a call to md_wakeup_thread, and while we are at it, remove all the
"if (mddev->thread)" guards as md_wake_thread does its own checking.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

... otherwise we might try to load a bitmap from an array which hasn't one.

The bug is that if you create an array with an internal bitmap, shut it down,
and then create an array with the same md device, the md drive will assume it
should have a bitmap too.  As the array can be created with a different md
device, it is mostly an inconvenience.  I'm pretty sure there is no risk of
data corruption.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>