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class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/consuming-rest.html#完成应用" class="sidebar-link">完成应用</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/consuming-rest.html#运行应用程序" class="sidebar-link">运行应用程序</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/consuming-rest.html#概括" class="sidebar-link">概括</a></li></ul></li></ul></section></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h1 id="使用-restful-web-服务"><a href="#使用-restful-web-服务" class="header-anchor">#</a> 使用 RESTful Web 服务</h1> <p>本指南将引导您创建一个提供 RESTful Web 服务的应用程序。</p> <h2 id="你将建造什么"><a href="#你将建造什么" class="header-anchor">#</a> 你将建造什么</h2> <p>您将构建一个应用程序，该应用程序使用 Spring<code>RestTemplate</code> 请求 https://quoters.apps.pcfone.io/api/random 获得一个随机的 Spring Boot 引文。</p> <h2 id="你需要什么"><a href="#你需要什么" class="header-anchor">#</a> 你需要什么</h2> <ul><li>约15分钟</li> <li>最喜欢的文本编辑器或 IDE</li> <li><a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JDK 1.8<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>或更高版本</li> <li><a href="http://www.gradle.org/downloads" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Gradle 4+<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>或<a href="https://maven.apache.org/download.cgi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Maven 3.2+<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li>您还可以将代码直接导入 IDE：
<ul><li><a href="https://spring.io/guides/gs/sts" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Spring Tool Suite (STS)<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://spring.io/guides/gs/intellij-idea/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IntelliJ IDEA<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="如何完成本指南"><a href="#如何完成本指南" class="header-anchor">#</a> 如何完成本指南</h2> <p>像大多数 Spring<a href="https://spring.io/guides" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">入门指南<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>一样，您可以从头开始并完成每个步骤，也可以绕过您已经熟悉的基本设置步骤。两种方式都会让您得到可以成功运行的代码。</p> <p>要<strong>从头开始</strong>，请参考<a href="https://spring.io/guides/gs/consuming-rest/#scratch" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">从 Spring Initializr 开始<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>。</p> <p>要<strong>跳过基础知识</strong>，请执行以下操作：</p> <ul><li><a href="https://github.com/spring-guides/gs-consuming-rest/archive/main.zip" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">下载<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>并解压缩本指南的源代码，或使用<a href="https://spring.io/understanding/Git" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Git<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>克隆它：<code>git clone https://github.com/spring-guides/gs-consuming-rest.git</code></li> <li>进入项目中的 <code>gs-consuming-rest/initial</code> 目录</li> <li>继续阅读<a href="https://spring.io/guides/gs/consuming-rest/#initial" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">获取 REST 资源<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>。</li></ul> <p><strong>完成后</strong>，您可以对照<code>gs-consuming-rest/complete</code>中的代码进行检查。</p> <h2 id="从-spring-initializr-开始"><a href="#从-spring-initializr-开始" class="header-anchor">#</a> 从 Spring Initializr 开始</h2> <p>您可以使用这个[预先初始化的项目](https://start.spring.io/#!type=maven-project&amp;language=java&amp;platformVersion=2.5.5&amp;packaging=jar&amp;jvmVersion=11&amp;groupId=com.example&amp;artifactId=consuming-rest&amp;name=consuming-rest&amp;description=Demo project for Spring Boot&amp;packageName=com.example.consuming-rest&amp;dependencies=web) 单击 Generate 下载 ZIP 文件。此项目的配置适合教程中的示例。</p> <p>手动初始化项目：</p> <ol><li>导航到<a href="https://start.spring.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://start.spring.io<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>。该服务提取应用程序所需的所有依赖项，并为您完成大部分设置。</li> <li>选择 Gradle 或 Maven 以及您要使用的语言。本指南假定您选择了 Java。</li> <li>单击<strong>Dependencies</strong>并选择<strong>Spring Web</strong>。</li> <li>单击<strong>Generate</strong>。</li> <li>下载生成的 ZIP 文件，该文件是根据您的选择配置好的 Web 应用程序压缩包。</li></ol> <p>如果您的 IDE 具有 Spring Initializr 集成，您可以从您的 IDE 完成此过程。</p> <p>你也可以从 Github 上 fork 这个项目并在你的 IDE 或其他编辑器中打开它。</p> <h2 id="获取-rest-资源"><a href="#获取-rest-资源" class="header-anchor">#</a> 获取 REST 资源</h2> <p>完成项目设置后，您可以创建一个使用 RESTful 服务的简单的应用程序。</p> <p>在 https://quoters.apps.pcfone.io/api/random 已经提供了一个 RESTful 服务。它随机将有关 Spring Boot 的引文作为 JSON 文档的形式返回。</p> <p>如果您通过 Web 浏览器或 curl 命令请求该 URL，您会收到如下所示的 JSON 文档：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>{
   type: &quot;success&quot;,
   value: {
      id: 10,
      quote: &quot;Really loving Spring Boot, makes stand alone Spring apps easy.&quot;
   }
}
</code></pre></div><p>通过浏览器或 curl 获取响应很容易，但这种方式并不是用途很广。</p> <p>以编程方式使用 REST Web 服务是更通用的方法。为了帮助您完成这项任务，Spring 提供了一个方便的模板类，称为<a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/javadoc-api/org/springframework/web/client/RestTemplate.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>RestTemplate</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>. <code>RestTemplate</code> 大大简化了与 RESTful 服务交互的代码。它甚至可以将该数据绑定到自定义的领域类。</p> <p>首先，您需要创建一个领域类来包含您需要的数据。以下清单显示了可以用作领域类的<code>Quote</code>类：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>src/main/java/com/example/consumingrest/Quote.java
</code></pre></div><div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>package com.example.consumingrest;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;

@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class Quote {

  private String type;
  private Value value;

  public Quote() {
  }

  public String getType() {
    return type;
  }

  public void setType(String type) {
    this.type = type;
  }

  public Value getValue() {
    return value;
  }

  public void setValue(Value value) {
    this.value = value;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return &quot;Quote{&quot; +
        &quot;type='&quot; + type + '\'' +
        &quot;, value=&quot; + value +
        '}';
  }
}
</code></pre></div><p>这个简单的 Java 类有一些属性和对应的 getter 方法。用于 JSON 处理的 Jackson  库的 <code>@JsonIgnoreProperties</code> 注释意味着未绑定在此类中的属性都应被忽略。</p> <p>要将数据直接绑定到自定义领域类，您需要在类中定义和 API 返回的 JSON 中的键完全相同的变量名称。如果您的 JSON 中的变量名称和键不匹配，您可以使用<code>@JsonProperty</code>注释来为变量指定对应的 JSON 的键。（此示例中每个变量名称都与 JSON 键匹配，因此此处不需要该注释。）</p> <p>您还需要一个额外的类来存储引文。<code>Value</code>类满足了这一需求，展示如下 (<code>src/main/java/com/example/consumingrest/Value.java</code>) ：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>package com.example.consumingrest;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;

@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class Value {

  private Long id;
  private String quote;

  public Value() {
  }

  public Long getId() {
    return this.id;
  }

  public String getQuote() {
    return this.quote;
  }

  public void setId(Long id) {
    this.id = id;
  }

  public void setQuote(String quote) {
    this.quote = quote;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return &quot;Value{&quot; +
        &quot;id=&quot; + id +
        &quot;, quote='&quot; + quote + '\'' +
        '}';
  }
}
</code></pre></div><p>这个类使用了相同的注释，但数据会根据变量名映射到不同的字段。</p> <h2 id="完成应用"><a href="#完成应用" class="header-anchor">#</a> 完成应用</h2> <p>Initalizr 创建了一个带有<code>main()</code>方法的类。以下代码显示了 Initializr 创建的类（<code>src/main/java/com/example/consumingrest/ConsumingRestApplication.java</code>）：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>package com.example.consumingrest;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumingRestApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(ConsumingRestApplication.class, args);
	}

}
</code></pre></div><p>现在您需要向<code>ConsumingRestApplication</code>类添加一些代码，以使其展示 RESTful 源服务返回的引文。您需要添加：</p> <ul><li>一个日志记录器，用于将输出发送到日志（在此示例中为控制台）。</li> <li>一个 <code>RestTemplate</code>，它使用用于 JSON 处理的 Jackson 库来处理传入的数据。</li> <li>一个在启动时用来运行 <code>RestTemplate</code> 的 <code>CommandLineRunner</code>（获取我们的引文）。</li></ul> <p>以下代码是最终的<code>ConsumingRestApplication</code>类 ( <code>src/main/java/com/example/consumingrest/ConsumingRestApplication.java</code>)：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>package com.example.consumingrest;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumingRestApplication {

	private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConsumingRestApplication.class);

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(ConsumingRestApplication.class, args);
	}

	@Bean
	public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
		return builder.build();
	}

	@Bean
	public CommandLineRunner run(RestTemplate restTemplate) throws Exception {
		return args -&gt; {
			Quote quote = restTemplate.getForObject(
					&quot;https://quoters.apps.pcfone.io/api/random&quot;, Quote.class);
			log.info(quote.toString());
		};
	}
}
</code></pre></div><h2 id="运行应用程序"><a href="#运行应用程序" class="header-anchor">#</a> 运行应用程序</h2> <p>您可以使用 Gradle 或 Maven 从命令行运行应用程序。您还可以构建一个包含所有必要依赖项、类和资源的单个可执行 JAR 文件并运行它。构建一个可执行的 jar 可以在整个开发生命周期、不同环境中作为应用程序轻松地去交付、升级、部署。</p> <p>如果您使用 Gradle，则可以使用<code>./gradlew bootRun</code> 去运行程序。或者，您可以使用<code>./gradlew build</code>构建 JAR 文件，然后运行 JAR 文件，如下所示：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>java -jar build/libs/gs-consuming-rest-0.1.0.jar
</code></pre></div><p>如果您使用 Maven，则可以使用<code>./mvnw spring-boot:run</code>. 或者，您可以使用<code>./mvnw clean package</code>构建 JAR 文件，然后运行该 JAR 文件，如下所示：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>java -jar target/gs-consuming-rest-0.1.0.jar
</code></pre></div><p>以上描述的步骤是如何创建一个可运行的 JAR。您还可以<a href="https://spring.io/guides/gs/convert-jar-to-war/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">构建经典的 WAR 文件<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>。</p> <p>您应该会看到类似于下面内容的输出，但会包含随机的引文：</p> <div class="language- extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>2019-08-22 14:06:46.506  INFO 42940 --- [           main] c.e.c.ConsumingRestApplication           : Quote{type='success', value=Value{id=1, quote='Working with Spring Boot is like pair-programming with the Spring developers.'}}
</code></pre></div><p>如果您看到显示为的错误，<code>Could not extract response: no suitable HttpMessageConverter found for response type [class com.example.consumingrest.Quote]</code> 则可能是您处于无法访问到后端服务的环境中（如果您可以访问它，它将发送 JSON）。如果您是公司代理的管理员，尝试将 <code>http.proxyHost</code>和<code>http.proxyPort</code> 系统属性设置为适合您的环境的值。</p> <h2 id="概括"><a href="#概括" class="header-anchor">#</a> 概括</h2> <p>恭喜！您刚刚使用 Spring Boot 开发了一个简单的 REST 客户端。</p> <p>原文链接: https://spring.io/guides/gs/consuming-rest/</p></div> <footer class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://gitcode.net/dev-cloud/spring-docs/-/blob/master/docs/consuming-rest.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">在 GitCode 上编辑此页</a> <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新:</span> <span class="time">Mon Mar 14 2022 00:04:16 GMT+0800</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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