Do not truncate WAL if in read_only mode (#8313)

Summary:
I noticed ```openat``` system call with ```O_WRONLY``` flag and ```sync_file_range``` and ```truncate``` on WAL file when using ```rocksdb::DB::OpenForReadOnly``` by way of ```db_bench --readonly=true --benchmarks=readseq --use_existing_db=1 --num=1 ...```

Noticed in ```strace``` after seeing the last modification time of the WAL file change after each run (with ```--readonly=true```).

  I think introduced by https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/commit/7d7f14480e135a4939ed6903f46b3f7056aa837a from https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8122

I added a test to catch the WAL file being truncated and the modification time on it changing.
I am not sure if a mock filesystem with mock clock could be used to avoid having to sleep 1.1s.
The test could also check the set of files is the same and that the sizes are also unchanged.

Before:

```
[ RUN      ] DBBasicTest.ReadOnlyReopenMtimeUnchanged
db/db_basic_test.cc:182: Failure
Expected equality of these values:
  file_mtime_after_readonly_reopen
    Which is: 1621611136
  file_mtime_before_readonly_reopen
    Which is: 1621611135
  file is: 000010.log
[  FAILED  ] DBBasicTest.ReadOnlyReopenMtimeUnchanged (1108 ms)
```

After:

```
[ RUN      ] DBBasicTest.ReadOnlyReopenMtimeUnchanged
[       OK ] DBBasicTest.ReadOnlyReopenMtimeUnchanged (1108 ms)
```

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/8313

Reviewed By: pdillinger

Differential Revision: D28656925

Pulled By: jay-zhuang

fbshipit-source-id: ea9e215cb53e7c830e76bc5fc75c45e21f12a1d6

db/db_impl/db_impl_open.cc

@@ -1259,7 +1259,8 @@ Status DBImpl::RecoverLogFiles(const std::vector<uint64_t>& wal_numbers,
       // If there's no data in the WAL, or we flushed all the data, still
       // truncate the log file. If the process goes into a crash loop before
       // the file is deleted, the preallocated space will never get freed.
-      GetLogSizeAndMaybeTruncate(wal_numbers.back(), true, nullptr)
+      const bool truncate = !read_only;
+      GetLogSizeAndMaybeTruncate(wal_numbers.back(), truncate, nullptr)
           .PermitUncheckedError();
     }
   }

db/db_wal_test.cc

@@ -2001,6 +2001,61 @@ TEST_F(DBWALTest, TruncateLastLogAfterRecoverWALEmpty) {
   ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
   ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
 }
+
+TEST_F(DBWALTest, ReadOnlyRecoveryNoTruncate) {
+  constexpr size_t kKB = 1024;
+  Options options = CurrentOptions();
+  options.env = env_;
+  options.avoid_flush_during_recovery = true;
+  if (mem_env_) {
+    ROCKSDB_GTEST_SKIP("Test requires non-mem environment");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!IsFallocateSupported()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // create DB and close with file truncate disabled
+  std::atomic_bool enable_truncate{false};
+
+  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
+      "PosixWritableFile::Close", [&](void* arg) {
+        if (!enable_truncate) {
+          *(reinterpret_cast<size_t*>(arg)) = 0;
+        }
+      });
+  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
+
+  DestroyAndReopen(options);
+  size_t preallocated_size =
+      dbfull()->TEST_GetWalPreallocateBlockSize(options.write_buffer_size);
+  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "v1"));
+  VectorLogPtr log_files_before;
+  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->GetSortedWalFiles(log_files_before));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, log_files_before.size());
+  auto& file_before = log_files_before[0];
+  ASSERT_LT(file_before->SizeFileBytes(), 1 * kKB);
+  // The log file has preallocated space.
+  auto db_size = GetAllocatedFileSize(dbname_ + file_before->PathName());
+  ASSERT_GE(db_size, preallocated_size);
+  Close();
+
+  // enable truncate and open DB as readonly, the file should not be truncated
+  // and DB size is not changed.
+  enable_truncate = true;
+  ASSERT_OK(ReadOnlyReopen(options));
+  VectorLogPtr log_files_after;
+  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->GetSortedWalFiles(log_files_after));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, log_files_after.size());
+  ASSERT_LT(log_files_after[0]->SizeFileBytes(), 1 * kKB);
+  ASSERT_EQ(log_files_after[0]->PathName(), file_before->PathName());
+  // The preallocated space should NOT be truncated.
+  // the DB size is almost the same.
+  ASSERT_NEAR(GetAllocatedFileSize(dbname_ + file_before->PathName()), db_size,
+              db_size / 100);
+  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
+  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
+}
 #endif  // ROCKSDB_FALLOCATE_PRESENT
 #endif  // ROCKSDB_PLATFORM_POSIX