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            Zhao Xiaojie
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  <h1 class="lh-title mb3 mv0 pt3 primary-color-dark">Custom WAR Packager</h1>
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      打造你自己的 Jenkins！了解自定义 WAR/Docker Packager
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<div class="prose" id="prose">

<p>我打算给 Jenkins 管理员和开发者介绍一个新的工具
<a href="https://github.com/jenkinsci/custom-war-packager">Custom WAR Packager</a>。该工具可以打包 Jenkins 的自定义 WAR 发行版、
<a href="https://github.com/jenkinsci/docker">Docker 镜像</a>和
<a href="https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkinsfile-runner">Jenkinsfile Runner</a> 包。
它可以打包 Jenkins、插件以及配置为开箱即用的发行版。
<code>Custom WAR Packager</code> 是我们在博客
A Cloud Native Jenkins(/blog/2018/09/12/speaker-blog-a-cloud-native-jenkins/) 中介绍过的无状态 <code>Jenkins master</code> 工具链的一部分。这个工具链已经在 <a href="https://jenkins-x.io">Jenkins X</a> 中被使用，用于构建 serverless 镜像(<a href="https://github.com/jenkins-x/jenkins-x-serverless)。">https://github.com/jenkins-x/jenkins-x-serverless)。</a></p>

<p>在这篇文章中，我将会介绍几种 <code>Custom WAR Packager</code> 常见的使用场景。</p>

<p>== 历史</p>

<p>正如 Jenkins 本身一样，<code>Custom WAR Packager</code> 开始于一个小的开发工具。在 Jenkins 内运行集成测试很长时间以来都是一个难题。
对此，我们有三个主要的框架：
    <a href="https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins-test-harness">Jenkins Test Harness</a>,
    <a href="https://github.com/jenkinsci/acceptance-test-harness">Acceptance Test Harness</a>,
    和 <a href="https://github.com/jenkinsci/plugin-compat-tester">Plugin Compatibility Tester</a>.
这些框架都需要一个 Jenkins WAR 文件来运行测试。但是假如你想在类似 AWS 一样的自定义环境中进行 Jenkins 测试呢？
或者，你希望基于 <a href="/sigs/cloud-native/pluggable-storage/">Pluggable Storage</a> 的环境也可以复用 Jenkins 流水线测试，来确保没有回归缺陷？</p>

<p>这并不是一个无意义的问题。Jenkins 项目中有重大的活动正在进行：云原生 Jenkins、Jenkins Evergreen 以及 Jenkins X。
这些都需要很多集成测试来保障持续部署流程。为了复用已有的框架，我们需要打包一个自带配置的 WAR 文件，使得可以在已有的框架中运行集成测试。
这正是 Custom WAR Packager 于 2018年4月 创建的原因。到 2018年9月，它相继支持了 Docker 镜像和 Jenkinsfile Runner，
后者由 <a href="https://github.com/kohsuke/">Kohsuke Kawaguchi</a> 创建并由 <a href="https://github.com/ndeloof">Nicolas de Loof</a>
完善。</p>

<p>== 包含的内容？</p>

<p>Custom WAR Packager 是一个工具，可以作为命令行、Maven 插件或者 Docker 来用。
它从用户那获取配置和包。所有内容都由一个 YAML 配置文件管理：</p>

<p>image::/images/post-images/2018-10-16-cwp/cwp_flow.png[Custom WAR Packager 构建流程]</p>

<p>它支持多种输入类型。插件列表可以来自 YAML,<code>pom.xml</code> 或一个 BOM(jep:309[] 提出的 Bill of Materials) 文件。
Custom WAR Packager 不仅支持发布版本，还可以构建部署到
<a href="/blog/2018/05/15/incremental-deployment/">增量仓库</a> (Jenkins 核心及插件的 CD 流程 - jep:305[])，
甚至直接从 Git 或指定目录中构建。它允许构建的包来自任何源，而无需等待官方的发版。
构建过程也非常快，因为，插件已经通过 <code>Commit ID</code> 缓存到了本地的 Maven 仓库中。</p>

<p>Custom WAR Packager 还支持下面的配置选项：</p>

<p>** <a href="https://github.com/jenkinsci/configuration-as-code-plugin">Jenkins 配置即代码</a> 的 YAMl 文件
** <a href="https://wiki.jenkins.io/display/JENKINS/Groovy+Hook+Script">Groovy Hooks</a> （例如：预配置的 init hooks）
** 系统属性</p>

<p>== WAR 打包</p>

<p>每当这个库构建时会打包出来一个 WAR 文件。
通常，Custom WAR Packager 会根据下面对 Jenkins 核心和 JCasC 的配置把所有内容打包的一个 WAR 文件中。</p>

<p>样例配置：</p>

<pre><code class="language-yaml">bundle:
  groupId: &quot;io.jenkins.tools.war-packager.demo&quot;
  artifactId: &quot;blogpost-demo&quot;
  vendor: &quot;Jenkins project&quot;
  description: &quot;Just a demo for the blogpost&quot;
war:
  groupId: &quot;org.jenkins-ci.main&quot;
  artifactId: &quot;jenkins-war&quot;
  source:
    version: 2.138.2
plugins:
  - groupId: &quot;io.jenkins&quot;
    artifactId: &quot;configuration-as-code&quot;
    source:
      # Common release
      version: 1.0-rc2
  - groupId: &quot;io.jenkins&quot;
    artifactId: &quot;artifact-manager-s3&quot;
    source:
      # Incrementals
      version: 1.2-rc259.c9d60bf2f88c
  - groupId: &quot;org.jenkins-ci.plugins.workflow&quot;
    artifactId: &quot;workflow-job&quot;
    source:
      # Git
      git: https://github.com/jglick/workflow-job-plugin.git
      commit: 18d78f305a4526af9cdf3a7b68eb9caf97c7cfbc
  # etc.
systemProperties:
    jenkins.model.Jenkins.slaveAgentPort: &quot;9000&quot;
    jenkins.model.Jenkins.slaveAgentPortEnforce: &quot;true&quot;
groovyHooks:
  - type: &quot;init&quot;
    id: &quot;initScripts&quot;
    source:
      dir: src/main/groovy
casc:
  - id: &quot;jcasc&quot;
    source:
      dir: casc.yml
</code></pre>

<p>== Docker 打包</p>

<p>为了打包 Docker，Custom WAR Packager 使用官方的 Docker 镜像 <a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/jenkins/jenkins/">jenkins/jenkins</a>
或同样格式的其他镜像。构建中，WAR 文件会被该工具所替换。这也就意味着镜像的 <strong>所有</strong> 特色在该自定义构建中都可用：
<code>plugins.txt</code>, Java 选项, Groovy hooks 等等。</p>

<pre><code class="language-yaml">
## ...
## WAR configuration from above
## ...

buildSettings:
  docker:
    build: true
    # Base image
    base: &quot;jenkins/jenkins:2.138.2&quot;
    # Tag to set for the produced image
    tag: &quot;jenkins/custom-war-packager-casc-demo&quot;
</code></pre>

<p>例如：<a href="https://github.com/jenkinsci/custom-war-packager/tree/master/demo/external-logging-elasticsearch">示例</a>
展示了打包带有将构建日志存储到 Elasticsearch 的 Docker 镜像。
尽管这些已经作为了 jep:207[] 和 jep:210[] 的一部分，你还是可以查看这个示例，了解该 Docker 镜像是如何配置、连接到 Elasicsearch、
然后启动外部的日志存储，而不需要改变日志的界面。一个 Docker Compose 文件对于运行整个集群是必要的。</p>

<p>== Jenkinsfile Runner 打包</p>

<p>这可能是 Jenkinsfile Runner 最有意思的模式。
三月份，在开发者列表中 <a href="https://groups.google.com/d/msg/jenkinsci-dev/gjz3CDhi-kk/1mwi_oa0AQAJ">宣布</a>了
一个新的项目 <a href="https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkinsfile-runner">Jenkinsfile Runner</a>。
大体的思路是，支持在单一 master 上只运行一次并打印输出到控制台的 Jenkins 流水线。
Jenkinsfile Runner 作为命令或一个 Docker 镜像来运行。
虽然只推荐 Docker 的形式，但是 Custom WAR Packager 都能够生成。
有了 Jenkinsfile Runner 你可以像下面的方式来运行流水线：</p>

<pre><code class="language-sh">docker run --rm -v $PWD/Jenkinsfile:/workspace/Jenkinsfile acmeorg/jenkinsfile-runner
</code></pre>

<p>当我们开始在云原生特别兴趣小组（Cloud Native SIG）中开始研究无状态（也就是“一次”）时，
有一个想法就是使用 Custom WAR Packager 和其他已有的工具（Jenkinsfile Runner, Jenkins Configuration as Code 等）来实现。
也许只是替换 Jenkinsfile Runner 中的 Jenkins 核心的 JAR 以及插件，但这还不够。
为了高效，Jenkinsfile Runner 镜像应该启动的 *很快*。在这个实现中，我们使用了 Jenkins 和 Jenkinsfile Runner 一些实验性的选项，
包括：类加载预缓存、插件解压等等。有了这些后，Jenkins 使用 configuration-as-code 和几十个插件可以在几秒钟内启动。</p>

<p>那么，如何构建自定义 Jenkinsfile Runner 镜像呢？尽管现在还没有发布，我们继续实现上面提到的内容。</p>

<pre><code class="language-yaml">##...
## WAR Configuration from above
##...

buildSettings:
  jenkinsfileRunner:
    source:
      groupId: &quot;io.jenkins&quot;
      artifactId: &quot;jenkinsfile-runner&quot;
      build:
        noCache: true
      source:
        git: https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkinsfile-runner.git
        commit: 8ff9b1e9a097e629c5fbffca9a3d69750097ecc4
    docker:
      base: &quot;jenkins/jenkins:2.138.2&quot;
      tag: &quot;onenashev/cwp-jenkinsfile-runner-demo&quot;
      build: true
</code></pre>

<p>你可以从 <a href="https://github.com/jenkinsci/custom-war-packager/tree/master/demo/jenkinsfile-runner">这里</a>
找到用 Custom WAR Packager 打包 Jenkinsfile Runner 的例子。</p>

<p>== 更多</p>

<p>还有很多其他的特色没有在本文中提到。例如：它还可以修改 Maven 构建配置或增加、替换 Jenkins 核心中的库（例如：Remoting）。
请查看 <a href="https://github.com/jenkinsci/custom-war-packager/blob/master/README.md">Custom WAR Packager 文档</a>
获取更多信息。这个库中还有很多示例。</p>

<p>如果你有兴趣对这个库做贡献，请创建 PR 并抄送 <a href="https://github.com/oleg-nenashev/">@oleg-nenashev</a>
和 <a href="https://github.com/raul-arabaolaza">Raul Arabaolaza</a>，第二位维护者正在研究 Jenkins 自动化测试流程。</p>

<p>== 下一步？</p>

<p>还有很多值得改进的地方可以让这个工具更加高效：</p>

<ul>
<li>增加对插件依赖传递的检查以便在构建过程中发现冲突</li>
<li>允许在 YAML 配置文件中设置各种系统属性和 Java 选项</li>
<li>改进 Jenkinsfile Runner 的性能</li>
<li>集成到 Jenkins 集成测试流程中，(查看 Jenkins 流水线库中的 <a href="https://github.com/jenkins-infra/pipeline-library/blob/master/vars/essentialsTest.groovy">essentialsTest()</a>)</li>
</ul>

<p>还有很多其他的任务需要在 Custom WAR Packager 中实现，但是，现在它已经能够让 Jenkins 用户构建他们自己的发行版。</p>

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