Implement PartialEq/Eq/Clone/Hash/FromIterator/Extendable for SmallIntMap and Show/Clone for TrieMap and TrieSet

Add an example showing how to use the map with a custom type. Fill in
examples for methods  without ones.

Also move `pop_equiv` next to related public methods, to not create a
duplicate trait in the docs.

Adds methods for obtaining iterators over the keys or values of a SmallIntMap/TreeMap/TrieMap.

Closes #14376

`rustc -Z borrowck-stats` displays ugly `-NaN%` in the stats

```
paths requiring guarantees: 0
paths requiring loans     : 0 (-NaN%)
paths requiring imm loans : 0 (-NaN%)
stable paths              : 0 (-NaN%)
```

The right hand side of the comparison in these checks are values of type
Option<&Path> which are normalized versions of the left-hand side, so they're
not guaranteed to be byte-for-byte equivalent even though they're the same path.

For this reasons, the command line arguments are promoted to paths for
comparison of equality.

This fixes a bug on windows where if a library was specified with --extern it
would then be picked up twice because it was not considered to have been
previously registered.

This add the LLVM noalias attribute to parameters of a
shared reference type (&) which have a safe interior.

method calls are involved.

This breaks code like:

    impl<T:Copy> Foo for T { ... }

    fn take_param<T:Foo>(foo: &T) { ... }

    fn main() {
        let x = box 3i; // note no `Copy` bound
        take_param(&x);
    }

Change this code to not contain a type error. For example:

    impl<T:Copy> Foo for T { ... }

    fn take_param<T:Foo>(foo: &T) { ... }

    fn main() {
        let x = 3i; // satisfies `Copy` bound
        take_param(&x);
    }

Closes #15860.

[breaking-change]

r? @alexcrichton

method calls are involved.

This breaks code like:

    impl<T:Copy> Foo for T { ... }

    fn take_param<T:Foo>(foo: &T) { ... }

    fn main() {
        let x = box 3i; // note no `Copy` bound
        take_param(&x);
    }

Change this code to not contain a type error. For example:

    impl<T:Copy> Foo for T { ... }

    fn take_param<T:Foo>(foo: &T) { ... }

    fn main() {
        let x = 3i; // satisfies `Copy` bound
        take_param(&x);
    }

Closes #15860.

[breaking-change]

This breaks code like:

    struct A<'a> {
        func: &'a fn() -> Option<int>
    }

    fn foo() -> Option<int> { ... }

    fn create() -> A<'static> {
        A {
            func: &foo
        }
    }

Change this code to not take functions by reference. For example:

    struct A {
        func: extern "Rust" fn() -> Option<int>
    }

    fn foo() -> Option<int> { ... }

    fn create() -> A {
        A {
            func: foo
        }
    }

Closes #13595.

[breaking-change]

r? @huonw

The translation is based on an early version of tutorial.md, thus most
of entries have been marked as fuzzy and actually they are incorrect.
Now tutorial.md is planed to be replaced with guide.md, so I'd suggest
removing translation files for a while.

/cc @gifnksm

The right hand side of the comparison in these checks are values of type
Option<&Path> which are normalized versions of the left-hand side, so they're
not guaranteed to be byte-for-byte equivalent even though they're the same path.

For this reasons, the command line arguments are promoted to paths for
comparison of equality.

This fixes a bug on windows where if a library was specified with --extern it
would then be picked up twice because it was not considered to have been
previously registered.

This add the LLVM noalias attribute to parameters of a
shared reference type (&) which have a safe interior.

librustc: Stop desugaring `for` expressions and translate them directly.

This makes edge cases in which the `Iterator` trait was not in scope
and/or `Option` or its variants were not in scope work properly.

This breaks code that looks like:

    struct MyStruct { ... }

    impl MyStruct {
        fn next(&mut self) -> Option<int> { ... }
    }

    for x in MyStruct { ... } { ... }

Change ad-hoc `next` methods like the above to implementations of the
`Iterator` trait. For example:

    impl Iterator<int> for MyStruct {
        fn next(&mut self) -> Option<int> { ... }
    }

Closes #15392.

[breaking-change]

This makes edge cases in which the `Iterator` trait was not in scope
and/or `Option` or its variants were not in scope work properly.

This breaks code that looks like:

    struct MyStruct { ... }

    impl MyStruct {
        fn next(&mut self) -> Option<int> { ... }
    }

    for x in MyStruct { ... } { ... }

Change ad-hoc `next` methods like the above to implementations of the
`Iterator` trait. For example:

    impl Iterator<int> for MyStruct {
        fn next(&mut self) -> Option<int> { ... }
    }

Closes #15392.

[breaking-change]

Fix ICE when there's an incorrect enum variant constructor in match arm.

Closes #15896.

Forgot two methods, but @alexcrichton was a bit too quick to accept  #15943, so I made a new PR.

This breaks code like:

    struct A<'a> {
        func: &'a fn() -> Option<int>
    }

    fn foo() -> Option<int> { ... }

    fn create() -> A<'static> {
        A {
            func: &foo
        }
    }

Change this code to not take functions by reference. For example:

    struct A {
        func: extern "Rust" fn() -> Option<int>
    }

    fn foo() -> Option<int> { ... }

    fn create() -> A {
        A {
            func: foo
        }
    }

Closes #13595.

[breaking-change]

The translation is based on an early version of tutorial.md, thus most
of entries have been marked as fuzzy and actually they are incorrect.
Now tutorial.md is planed to be replaced with guide.md, so I'd suggest
removing translation files for a while.
Signed-off-by: NOGINO Masanori <masanori.ogino@gmail.com>

Apparently the default getFile implementation for a memory buffer in LLVM ends
up requiring a null terminator at the end of the file. This isn't true a good
bit of the time apparently on OSX. There have been a number of failed
nightly/snapshot builds recently with this strange assertion.

This modifies the calls to MemoryBuffer::getFile to explicitly not ask for a
null terminator.

Apparently the default getFile implementation for a memory buffer in LLVM ends
up requiring a null terminator at the end of the file. This isn't true a good
bit of the time apparently on OSX. There have been a number of failed
nightly/snapshot builds recently with this strange assertion.

This modifies the calls to MemoryBuffer::getFile to explicitly not ask for a
null terminator.

Everyone agreed.

Related to #14248, close #15328

@brson OK?

Fix ICE when there's an incorrect enum variant constructor in match arm.

Closes #15896.

Closes #15807 (Deprecate some unsafe functions in `str::raw` and remove `OwnedStr` trait)
Closes #15859 (Implement `Show` for `CString` and fix warning compiling tests for libcollections)
Closes #15911 (Updated LLVM for iOS)
Closes #15925 (libsyntax: Remove `~self` and `mut ~self` from the language.)
Closes #15930 (Add examples for Checked[Add|Sub|Mul|Div])
Closes #15933 (rustdoc: make table of contents optional)
Closes #15937 (librustc: Make bare functions implement the `FnMut` trait.)
Closes #15938 (librustc: Check structure constructors against their types.)
Closes #15939 (rustdoc: Add a --crate-name option)
Closes #15942 (Document trie collections)
Closes #15943 (Document SmallIntMap)

Move update above for better docs progression.

Like rustc, this is required by cargo to build documentation.

This breaks code like:

    struct Point<T> {
        x: T,
        y: T,
    }

    let pt = Point::<bool> {
        x: 1,
        y: 2,
    };

Change this code to not contain a type error. For example:

    let pt = Point::<int> {
        x: 1,
        y: 2,
    };

Closes #9620.
Closes #15875.

[breaking-change]

This is done entirely in the libraries for functions up to 16 arguments.
A macro is used so that more arguments can be easily added if we need.
Note that I had to adjust the overloaded call algorithm to not try
calling the overloaded call operator if the callee is a built-in
function type, to prevent loops.

Closes #15448.