Closes #14794.

If you're casting from an enum to a float, cast through an integer
first.

[breaking-change]

r? @alexcrichton

Implement the stronger guarantees for mutable borrows proposed in #12624.

There was feedback gathered by @bjz which request for larger click targets in the rustdoc sidebar. Here's my attempt at that.

My only concern with this patch is the removal of `<br>` between sidebar links. This may break formatting for text-only viewers of this documentation. If there is a large enough demographic of people that will be affected, perhaps we can try switching the structure of each sidebar block sidebar to an `<ol>` with each item as a `<li>`. 

* Change links to display:block for click larger targets
* Remove linebreaks due to extra space
* Adjust margins so that element spacing stays the same
* Sidebar item hover background colour chosen from `<pre>` styling

Move analyze_restrictions_on_use and check_if_path_is_moved so that all
of the code related to assignments is in a contiguous block at the end
of the file.

Implement the stronger guarantees for mutable borrows from #12624. This
removes the ability to read from a mutably borrowed path for the
duration of the borrow, and enforces a unique access path for any
mutable borrow, for both reads and writes.

This makes mutable borrows work better with concurrent accesses from
multiple threads, and it opens the door for allowing moves out of
mutably borrowed values, as long as a new value is written before the
mutable borrow ends. This also aligns Rust more closely with academic
languages based on substructural types and separation logic.

The most common situation triggering an error after this change is a
call to a function mutably borrowing self with self.field as one of the
arguments. The workaround is to bind self.field to a temporary, but the
need for these temporaries will hopefully go away after #6268 is fixed.

Another situation that triggers an error is using the head expression of
a match in an arm that binds a variable with a mutable reference. The
use of the head expression needs to be replaced with an expression that
reconstructs it from match-bound variables.

This fixes #12624.

[breaking-change]

Fix all violations in the Rust source tree of the stronger guarantee
of a unique access path for mutable borrows as described in #12624.

Also rename MoveError to UseError and MoveOk / MoveWhileBorrowed to
UseOk / UseWhileBorrowed.

Currently analyze_move_out_from ignores the BorrowKind of loans, but the
same logic is useful when restricted to loans of specific borrow kinds.

Currently analyze_move_out_from checks all restrictions on all base
paths of the move path, but it only needs to check restrictions from
loans of the base paths, and can disregard restrictions from loans of
extensions of those base paths.

It doesn't actually need the Rc, and it reduces the net number of
pointer manipulations.

It will be simpler to make some of the changes that I need to make to
analyze_move_out if it uses a loop rather than recursion.

This obsoletes the old `to_err_msg` method. Replace

    println!("Error: {}", failure.to_err_msg())

    let string = failure.to_err_msg();

with

    println!("Error: {}", failure)

    let string = failure.to_str();

[breaking-change]

This adds the missing `get_mut` method to the `MutableVector` trait, and implements it for `&'a mut [T]`.

* Change links to display:block for click larger targets
* Remove linebreaks due to extra space
* Adjust margins so that element spacing stays the same
* Sidebar item hover background colour chosen from <pre> styling

Closes #14797 (librustc: Fix the issue with labels shadowing variable names by making)
Closes #14823 (Improve error messages for io::fs)
Closes #14827 (libsyntax: Allow `+` to separate trait bounds from objects.)
Closes #14834 (configure: Don't sync unused submodules)
Closes #14838 (Remove typo on collections::treemap::UnionItems)
Closes #14839 (Fix the unused struct field lint for struct variants)
Closes #14840 (Clarify `Any` docs)
Closes #14846 (rustc: [T, ..N] and [T, ..N+1] are not the same)
Closes #14847 (Audit usage of NativeMutex)
Closes #14850 (remove unnecessary PaX detection)
Closes #14856 (librustc: Take in account mutability when casting array to raw ptr.)
Closes #14859 (librustc: Forbid `transmute` from being called on types whose size is)
Closes #14860 (Fix `quote_pat!` & parse outer attributes in `quote_item!`)

Fixes #14857.

only known post-monomorphization, and report `transmute` errors before
the code is generated for that `transmute`.

This can break code that looked like:

    unsafe fn f<T>(x: T) {
        let y: int = transmute(x);
    }

Change such code to take a type parameter that has the same size as the
type being transmuted to.

Closes #12898.

[breaking-change]

Rust no longer has support for JIT compilation, so it doesn't currently
require a PaX MPROTECT exception. The extended attributes are preferred
over modifying the binaries so it's not actually going to work on most
systems like this anyway.

If JIT compilation ends up being supported again, it should handle this
by *always* applying the exception via an extended attribute without
performing auto-detection of PaX on the host. The `paxctl` tool is only
necessary with the older method involving modifying the ELF binary.

Once a native mutex has been used once, it is never allowed to be moved again.
This is because some pthreads implementations take pointers inside the mutex
itself.

This commit adds stern wording around the methods on native mutexes, and fixes
one use case in the codebase. The Mutex type in libsync was susceptible to
movement, so the inner static mutex is now boxed to ensure that the address of
the native mutex is constant.

This commit fixes a bug in the calculation of the hash of a type which didn't
factor in the length of a constant-sized vector. As a result of this, a type
placed into an Any of a fixed length could be peeled out with any other fixed
length in a safe manner.

The `Any` docs previously did not state that only `'static` types implement it.

Fixes #14837.

The docstring stated it was a intersection iterator, when in fact it is the union iterator

If the compiler is built with --{llvm,jemalloc,libuv}-root, then the configure
script can skip updating these submodules.

Closes #14822

RFC #27.

After a snapshot, the old syntax will be removed.

This can break some code that looked like `foo as &Trait:Send`. Now you
will need to write `foo as (&Trait+Send)`.

Closes #12778.

[breaking-change]

the leading quote part of the identifier for the purposes of hygiene.

This adopts @jbclements' solution to #14539.

I'm not sure if this is a breaking change or not.

Closes #12512.

[breaking-change]

The current setup is to have a single vector of type parameters in
scope at any one time. We then have to concatenate the parameters from
the impl/trait with those of the method. This makes a lot of things
awkward, most notably associated fns ("static fns"). This branch
restructures the substitutions into three distinct namespaces (type,
self, fn). This makes most of the "type parameter management"
trivial. This also sets us up to support UFCS (though I haven't made
any particular changes in that direction in this patch).

Along the way, this patch fixes a few miscellaneous bits of code cleanup:

1. Patch resolve to detect references to out-of-scope type parameters,
   rather than checking for "out of bound" indices during substitution
   (fixes #14603).

2. Move def out of libsyntax into librustc where it belongs. I should have
   moved DefId too, but didn't.
   
3. Permit homogeneous tuples like `(T, T, T)` to be used as fixed-length
   vectors like `[T, ..3]`. This is awfully handy, though public facing.
   I suppose it requires an RFC.

4. Add some missing tests.

cc #5527

r? @pcwalton or @pnkfelix 

Closes #14794.

If you're casting from an enum to a float, cast through an integer
first.

[breaking-change]

parameters

This involves numerous substeps:

1. Treat Self same as any other parameter.
2. No longer compute offsets for method parameters.
3. Store all generic types (both trait/impl and method) with a method,
   eliminating odd discrepancies.
4. Stop doing unspeakable things to static methods and instead just use
   the natural types, now that we can easily add the type parameters from
   trait into the method's polytype.
5. No doubt some more. It was hard to separate these into distinct commits.

Fixes #13564