Fix missing blank space issue

r? @Manishearth

Fix lint attributes on non-item nodes.

Currently, late lint checking uses two HIR visitors: LateContext and
IdVisitor.  IdVisitor only overrides visit_id, and for each node searches
for builtin lints previously added to the session; LateContext overrides
a number of methods, and runs late lints.  When LateContext encounters an
item, it first has IdVisitor walk everything in it except nested items
(OnlyBodies), then recurses into it itself - i.e. there are two separate
walks.

Aside from apparently being unnecessary, this separation prevents lint
attributes (allow/deny/warn) on non-item HIR nodes from working
properly.  Test case:

```rust
// generates warning without this change
fn main() { #[allow(unreachable_code)] loop { break; break; } }
```

LateContext contains logic to merge attributes seen into the current lint
settings while walking (with_lint_attrs), but IdVisitor does not.  So
such attributes will affect late lints (because they are called from
LateContext), and if the node contains any items within it, they will
affect builtin lints within those items (because that IdVisitor is run
while LateContext is within the attributed node), but otherwise the
attributes will be ignored for builtin lints.

This change simply removes IdVisitor and moves its visit_id into
LateContext itself.  Hopefully this doesn't break anything...

Also added walk calls to visit_lifetime and visit_lifetime_def
respectively, so visit_lifetime_def will recurse into the lifetime and
visit_lifetime will recurse into the name.  In principle this could
confuse lint plugins.  This is "necessary" because walk_lifetime calls
visit_id on the lifetime; of course, an alternative would be directly
calling visit_id (which would require manually iterating over the
lifetimes in visit_lifetime_def), but that seems less clean.

travis: Expand dist builder coverage

This commit adds six new travis matrix entires for doing cross-compiled
distribution builds of the compiler. The support added in #38731 allows us to
quickly compile a complete suite of distribution artifacts for cross-compiled
platforms, and currently each matrix entry (when fully cached) clocks in around
an hour to finish. Note that a full test run typically takes about two hours
right now.

With further optimizations coming down the pike in #39026 this commit also
starts doubling up cross-compiled distribution builders on each matrix entry. We
initially planned to do one build per entry, but it's looking like we may be
able to get by with more than one in each entry. Depending on how long these
builds take we may even be able to up it to three, but we'll start with two
first.

This commit then completes the suite of cross-compiled compilers that we're
going to compile, adding it for a whole litany of platforms detailed in the
changes to the docker files here. The existing `cross` image is also trimmed
down quite a bit to avoid duplicate work, and we'll eventually provision it for
far more cross compilation as well.

Note that the gcc toolchains installed to compile most of these compilers are
inappropriate for actualy distribution. The glibc they pull in is much newer
than we'd like, so before we turn nightlies off we'll need to tweak these docker
files to custom build toolchains like the current `linux-cross` docker image
does.

Implementation of plan in issue #27787 for btree_range

Still some ergonomics to be worked on, the ::<str,_> is particularly unsightly

This commit adds six new travis matrix entires for doing cross-compiled
distribution builds of the compiler. The support added in #38731 allows us to
quickly compile a complete suite of distribution artifacts for cross-compiled
platforms, and currently each matrix entry (when fully cached) clocks in around
an hour to finish. Note that a full test run typically takes about two hours
right now.

With further optimizations coming down the pike in #39026 this commit also
starts doubling up cross-compiled distribution builders on each matrix entry. We
initially planned to do one build per entry, but it's looking like we may be
able to get by with more than one in each entry. Depending on how long these
builds take we may even be able to up it to three, but we'll start with two
first.

This commit then completes the suite of cross-compiled compilers that we're
going to compile, adding it for a whole litany of platforms detailed in the
changes to the docker files here. The existing `cross` image is also trimmed
down quite a bit to avoid duplicate work, and we'll eventually provision it for
far more cross compilation as well.

Note that the gcc toolchains installed to compile most of these compilers are
inappropriate for actualy distribution. The glibc they pull in is much newer
than we'd like, so before we turn nightlies off we'll need to tweak these docker
files to custom build toolchains like the current `linux-cross` docker image
does.

Fix covered-switch-default warnings in RustWrapper

These switch statements cover all possible values, so the default case is dead code (it contains an `llvm_unreachable anyway`), triggering a `-Wcovered-switch-default` warning that pollutes the build output. Moving the unreachable after the switch resolves these warnings.

r? @rkruppe

If submodule init fails, try from scratch

See #39051

I wonder if the cause could be some strange not-quite-checked-out state in a submodule. Try and fix this by force deinitialising everything before initialising (this will not throw away downloaded objects, git will skip them on the next attempt at cloning).

r? @alexcrichton

rustbuild: Skip the build_helper crate in tests

I've been noticing some spurious recompiles of the final stage on Travis lately
and in debugging them I found a case where we were a little to eager to update
a stamp file due to the build_helper library being introduced during the testing
phase.

Part of the rustbuild system detects when libstd is recompiled and automatically
cleans out future directories to ensure that dirtyness propagation works. To do
this rustbuild doesn't know the artifact name of the standard library so it just
probes everything in the target directory, looking to see if anything changed.

The problem here happened where:

* First, rustbuild would compile everything (a normal build)
* Next, rustbuild would run all tests
* During testing, the libbuild_helper library was introduced into the target
  directory, making it look like a change happened because a file is newer
  than the newest was before
* Detecting a change, the next compilation would then cause rustbuild to clean
  out old artifacts and recompile everything again.

This commit fixes this problem by correcting rustbuild to just not test the
build_helper crate at all. This crate doesn't have any unit tests, nor is it
intended to. That way the target directories should stay the same throughout
testing after a previous build.

Add try_wait to Redox process

This implements Process::try_wait on Redox

Use multiline Diagnostic for "relevant impl" list

Provide the following output:

```
error[E0277]: the trait bound `Bar: Foo<usize>` is not satisfied
  --> $DIR/issue-21659-show-relevant-trait-impls-2.rs:38:8
   |
38 |     f1.foo(1usize);
   |        ^^^ the trait `Foo<usize>` is not implemented for `Bar`
   |
   = help: the following implementations were found:
             <Bar as Foo<i8>>
             <Bar as Foo<i16>>
             <Bar as Foo<i32>>
             <Bar as Foo<u8>>
           and 2 others

error: aborting due to previous error
```

instead of

```
error[E0277]: the trait bound `Bar: Foo<usize>` is not satisfied
  --> $DIR/issue-21659-show-relevant-trait-impls-2.rs:38:8
   |
38 |     f1.foo(1usize);
   |        ^^^ the trait `Foo<usize>` is not implemented for `Bar`
   |
   = help: the following implementations were found:
   = help:   <Bar as Foo<i8>>
   = help:   <Bar as Foo<i16>>
   = help:   <Bar as Foo<i32>>
   = help:   <Bar as Foo<u8>>
   = help: and 2 others

error: aborting due to previous error
```

rustbuild: Actually don't build stage0 target rustc

This was attempted in #38853 but erroneously forgot one more case of where the
compiler was compiled. This commit fixes that up and adds a test to ensure this
doesn't sneak back in.

incr.comp.: Add some caching to Predecessors construction.

This speeds up the "serialize dep graph" pass for libsyntax from 45 secs to 15 secs on my machine. Still far from ideal, but things will get better when we change the metadata hashing strategy.

The `CACHING_THRESHOLD` value of 60 has been arrived at experimentally. It seemed to give the best speedup.

r? @nikomatsakis

Fix two const-eval issues related to i128 negation

First issue here was the fact that we’d only allow negating integers in i64 range in case the
integer was not infered yes. While this is not the direct cause of the issue, its still good to fix
it.

The real issue here is the code handling specifically the `min_value` literals. While I128_OVERFLOW
has the expected value (0x8000_..._0000), match using this value as a pattern is handled
incorrectly by the stage1 compiler (it seems to be handled correctly, by the stage2 compiler). So
what we do here is extract this pattern into an explicit `==` until the next snapshot.

Fixes #38987

expect_err for Result.

This adds an `expect_err` method to `Result`. Considering how `unwrap_err` already exists, this seems to make sense. Inconsistency noted in Manishearth/rust-clippy#1435.

save-analysis: handle paths in type/trait context more correctly

TBH, this is still not perfect, witness the FIXME, but it is an improvement. In particular it means we get information about trait references in impls.

These switch statements cover all possible values, so the default case
is dead code (it contains an llvm_unreachable anyway), triggering a
-Wcovered-switch-default warning. Moving the unreachable after the
switch resolves these warnings. This keeps the build output clean.

trans: Treat generics like regular functions, not like #[inline] function, during CGU partitioning

This PR makes generics be treated just like regular functions during CGU partitioning:

+ the function instantiation is placed in a codegen unit based on the function's DefPath,
+ unless it is marked with `#[inline]`  -- which causes a private copy of the function to be placed in every referencing codegen unit.

This has the following effects:
+ Multi codegen unit builds will become faster because code for generic functions is duplicated less.
+ Multi codegen unit builds might have lower runtime performance, since generics are not available for inlining automatically any more.
+ Single codegen unit builds are not affected one way or the other.

This partitioning scheme is particularly good for incremental compilation as it drastically reduces the number of false positives during codegen unit invalidation.

I'd love to have a benchmark suite for estimating the effect on runtime performance for changes like this one.

r? @nikomatsakis

cc @rust-lang/compiler

Fix is_absolute on Redox

Due to not using prefixes on Redox, yet, it must be added as an exception to Path::is_absolute.

resolve: Levenshtein-based suggestions for non-import paths

This patch addresses both items from https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/30197#issuecomment-264846000 and therefore implements the largest part of https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/30197.

r? @jseyfried