rustc book: make more pleasant to search

Improve code readability by moving fmt args directly into the string

There are some of occurrences where I also transformed `write!(f, "{}", x)` into `f.write_str(x.as_str())`.

r? `@notriddle`

Improve `invalid_reference_casting` lint

This PR improves the `invalid_reference_casting` lint:
 - by considering an unlimited number of casts instead only const to mut ptr
 - by also considering ptr-to-integer and integer-to-ptr casts
 - by also taking into account [`ptr::cast`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.pointer.html#method.cast), [`ptr::cast`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.pointer.html#method.cast-1) and [`ptr::cast_const`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/primitive.pointer.html#method.cast_const)

Most of this improvements comes from skimming Github Code Search result for [`&mut \*.*as \*const`](https://github.com/search?q=lang%3Arust+%2F%26mut+%5C*.*as+%5C*const%2F&type=code)

r? ``@est31`` (maybe)

we are migrating to askama

see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/108868

Fix argument removal suggestion around macros

Fixes #112437.
Fixes #113866.
Helps with #114255.

The issue was that `span.find_ancestor_inside(outer)` could previously return a span with a different expansion context from `outer`.

This happens for example for the built-in macro `panic!`, which expands to another macro call of `panic_2021!` or `panic_2015!`. Because the call site of `panic_20xx!` has not associated source code, its span currently points to the call site of `panic!` instead.

Something similar also happens items that get desugared in AST->HIR lowering. For example, `for` loops get two spans: One "inner" span that has the `.desugaring_kind()` kind set to `DesugaringKind::ForLoop` and one "outer" span that does not. Similar to the macro situation, both of these spans point to the same source code, but have different expansion contexts.

This causes problems, because joining two spans with different expansion contexts will usually[^1] not actually join them together to avoid creating "spaghetti" spans that go from the macro definition to the macro call. For example, in the following snippet `full_span` might not actually contain the `adjusted_start` and `adjusted_end`. This caused the broken suggestion / debug ICE in the linked issues.
```rust
let adjusted_start = start.find_ancestor_inside(shared_ancestor);
let adjusted_end = end.find_ancestor_inside(shared_ancestor);
let full_span = adjusted_start.to(adjusted_end)
```

To fix the issue, this PR introduces a new method, `find_ancestor_inside_same_ctxt`, which combines the functionality of `find_ancestor_inside` and `find_ancestor_in_same_ctxt`: It finds an ancestor span that is contained within the parent *and* has the same syntax context, and is therefore safe to extend. This new method should probably be used everywhere, where the returned span is extended, but for now it is just used for the argument removal suggestion.

Additionally, this PR fixes a second issue where the function call itself is inside a macro but the arguments come from outside the macro. The test is added in the first commit to include stderr diff, so this is best reviewed commit by commit.

[^1]: If one expansion context is the root context and the other is not.

add codegen test for `trailing_zeros` comparison

This PR add codegen test for
https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/107554#issuecomment-1677369236

Fixes #107554.

Update LLVM submodule

Merge the current release/17.x branch.

Fixes #114691.
Fixes #114312.

The test for the latter is taken from #114726.

Rollup of 7 pull requests

Successful merges:

 - #114721 (Optimizing the rest of bool's Ord implementation)
 - #114746 (Don't add associated type bound for non-types)
 - #114779 (Add check before suggest removing parens)
 - #114859 (Add trait related queries to SMIR's rustc_internal)
 - #114861 (fix typo: affect -> effect)
 - #114867 ([nit] Fix a comment typo.)
 - #114871 (Update the link in the docs of `std::intrinsics`)

r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup

Update the link in the docs of `std::intrinsics`

The previous link in that place, https://github.com/rust-lang/miri/blob/master/src/shims/intrinsics.rs, no longer points to an existing file.

[nit] Fix a comment typo.

fix typo: affect -> effect

I just realized I made a silly typo when writing that comment...

Add trait related queries to SMIR's rustc_internal

r? `@oli-obk`

Add check before suggest removing parens

Fixes #114701

Don't add associated type bound for non-types

We had this fix for equality constraints (#99890), but for some reason not trait constraints 😅

Fixes #114744

Optimizing the rest of bool's Ord implementation

After coming across issue #66780, I realized that the other functions provided by Ord (`min`, `max`, and `clamp`) were similarly inefficient for bool. This change provides implementations for them in terms of boolean operators, resulting in much simpler assembly and faster code.
Fixes issue #114653

[Comparison on Godbolt](https://rust.godbolt.org/z/5nb5P8e8j)

`max` assembly before:
```assembly
example::max:
        mov     eax, edi
        mov     ecx, eax
        neg     cl
        mov     edx, esi
        not     dl
        cmp     dl, cl
        cmove   eax, esi
        ret
```
`max` assembly after:
```assembly
example::max:
        mov     eax, edi
        or      eax, esi
        ret
```
`clamp` assembly before:
```assembly
example::clamp:
        mov     eax, esi
        sub     al, dl
        inc     al
        cmp     al, 2
        jae     .LBB1_1
        mov     eax, edi
        sub     al, sil
        movzx   ecx, dil
        sub     dil, dl
        cmp     dil, 1
        movzx   edx, dl
        cmovne  edx, ecx
        cmp     al, -1
        movzx   eax, sil
        cmovne  eax, edx
        ret
.LBB1_1:
        ; identical assert! code
```
`clamp` assembly after:
```assembly
example::clamp:
        test    edx, edx
        jne     .LBB1_2
        test    sil, sil
        jne     .LBB1_3
.LBB1_2:
        or      dil, sil
        and     dil, dl
        mov     eax, edi
        ret
.LBB1_3:
        ; identical assert! code
```

specify llvm-version and bit width for int arg

add missing percent simbol

Do not mark shallow_lint_levels_on as eval_always.

It does not need it. Removing it allows to skip recomputation.

Stabilize thread local cell methods.

Closes #92122.

Cleaner assert_eq! & assert_ne! panic messages

This PR finishes refactoring of the assert messages per #94005. The panic message format change #112849 used to be part of this PR, but has been factored out and just merged. It might be better to keep both changes in the same release once FCP vote completes.

Modify panic message for `assert_eq!`, `assert_ne!`, the currently unstable `assert_matches!`, as well as the corresponding `debug_assert_*` macros.

```rust
assert_eq!(1 + 1, 3);
assert_eq!(1 + 1, 3, "my custom message value={}!", 42);
```

#### Old messages
```plain
thread 'main' panicked at $DIR/main.rs:6:5:
assertion failed: `(left == right)`
  left: `2`,
 right: `3`
```
```plain
thread 'main' panicked at $DIR/main.rs:6:5:
assertion failed: `(left == right)`
  left: `2`,
 right: `3`: my custom message value=42!
```

#### New messages
```plain
thread 'main' panicked at $DIR/main.rs:6:5:
assertion `left == right` failed
  left: 2
 right: 3
```

```plain
thread 'main' panicked at $DIR/main.rs:6:5:
assertion `left == right` failed: my custom message value=42!
  left: 2
 right: 3
```

History of fixing #94005
* #94016 was a lengthy PR that was abandoned
* #111030 was similar, but it stringified left and right arguments, and thus caused compile time performance issues, thus closed
* #112849 factored out the two-line formatting of all panic messages

Fixes #94005

r? `@m-ou-se`

The previous link in that place, https://github.com/rust-lang/miri/blob/master/src/shims/intrinsics.rs, no longer points to an existing file.

Rollup of 8 pull requests

Successful merges:

 - #114588 (Improve docs for impl Default for ExitStatus)
 - #114619 (Fix pthread_attr_union layout on Wasi)
 - #114644 (Point out expectation even if we have `TypeError::RegionsInsufficientlyPolymorphic`)
 - #114668 (Deny `FnDef` in patterns)
 - #114819 (Point at return type when it influences non-first `match` arm)
 - #114826 (Fix typos)
 - #114837 (add missing feature(error_in_core))
 - #114853 (Migrate GUI colors test to original CSS color format)

r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup

Modify panic message for `assert_eq!`, `assert_ne!`, the currently unstable `assert_matches!`, as well as the corresponding `debug_assert_*` macros.

```rust
assert_eq!(1 + 1, 3);
assert_eq!(1 + 1, 3, "my custom message value={}!", 42);
```

```plain
thread 'main' panicked at $DIR/main.rs:6:5:
assertion failed: `(left == right)`
  left: `2`,
 right: `3`
```
```plain
thread 'main' panicked at $DIR/main.rs:6:5:
assertion failed: `(left == right)`
  left: `2`,
 right: `3`: my custom message value=42!
```

```plain
thread 'main' panicked at $DIR/main.rs:6:5:
assertion `left == right` failed
  left: 2
 right: 3
```

```plain
thread 'main' panicked at $DIR/main.rs:6:5:
assertion `left == right` failed: my custom message value=42!
  left: 2
 right: 3
```

This PR is a simpler subset of the #111030, but it does NOT stringify the original left and right source code assert expressions, thus should be faster to compile.

Migrate GUI colors test to original CSS color format

Follow-up of https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/111459.

r? ``@notriddle``

add missing feature(error_in_core)

Needed to fix feature gate errors in https://github.com/rust-lang/miri-test-libstd/actions/runs/5862810459/job/15895203359. I don't know how doctests are passing in-tree without this feature gate...

Fix typos

Point at return type when it influences non-first `match` arm

When encountering code like

```rust
fn foo() -> i32 {
    match 0 {
        1 => return 0,
        2 => "",
        _ => 1,
    }
}
```

Point at the return type and not at the prior arm, as that arm has type `!` which isn't influencing the arm corresponding to arm `2`.

Fix #78124.

Deny `FnDef` in patterns

We can only see these via `const { .. }` patterns, which are unstable.

cc #76001 (tracking issue for inline const pats)

Fixes #114658
Fixes #114659

Point out expectation even if we have `TypeError::RegionsInsufficientlyPolymorphic`

just a minor tweak, since saying "one type is more general than the other" kinda sucks if we don't actually point out two types.

Fix pthread_attr_union layout on Wasi

Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/114608

Ran the tests as described in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support/wasm32-wasi-preview1-threads.md?plain=1#L125

Improve docs for impl Default for ExitStatus

This addresses a review comment in #106425 (which is on the way to being merged I think).

Some of the other followup work is more complicated so I'm going to do individual MRs.

~~Note this branch is on top of #106425~~

Rollup of 10 pull requests

Successful merges:

 - #114711 (Infer `Lld::No` linker hint when the linker stem is a generic compiler driver)
 - #114772 (Add `{Local}ModDefId` to more strongly type DefIds`)
 - #114800 (std: add some missing repr(transparent))
 - #114820 (Add test for unknown_lints from another file.)
 - #114825 (Upgrade std to gimli 0.28.0)
 - #114827 (Only consider object candidates for object-safe dyn types in new solver)
 - #114828 (Probe when assembling upcast candidates so they don't step on eachother's toes in new solver)
 - #114829 (Separate `consider_unsize_to_dyn_candidate` from other unsize candidates)
 - #114830 (Clean up some bad UI testing annotations)
 - #114831 (Check projection args before substitution in new solver)

r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup

This lets us put a version on the impl, too.

Don't panic in ceil_char_boundary

Implementing the alternative mentioned in this comment: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/93743#issuecomment-1579935853

Since `floor_char_boundary` will always work (rounding down to the length of the string is possible), it feels best for `ceil_char_boundary` to not panic either. However, the semantics of "rounding up" past the length of the string aren't very great, which is why the method originally panicked in these cases.

Taking into account how people are using this method, it feels best to simply return the end of the string in these cases, so that the result is still a valid char boundary.

Co-authored-by: NJosh Stone <cuviper@gmail.com>