Initial implementation of debuginfo in MIR trans.

Progress is made towards #31005, but several issues remain, such as #32790.

rustbuild: Migrate tidy checks to Rust

This commit rewrites all of the tidy checks we have, namely:

* featureck
* errorck
* tidy
* binaries

into Rust under a new `tidy` tool inside of the `src/tools` directory. This at
the same time deletes all the corresponding Python tidy checks so we can be sure
to only have one source of truth for all the tidy checks.

cc #31590

This verifies that the crates listed in the `[dependencies]` section of
`Cargo.toml` are a subset of the crates listed in `lib.rs` for our in-tree
crates. This should help ensure that when we refactor crates over time we keep
these dependency lists in sync.

Describe more platform-specific behaviors of `std::fs::rename`

I did some tests myself regarding the situation when both `from` and `to` exist, and the results were:

On Linux:

`from` | `to` | Result
---- | ---- | ----
Directory | Directory | Ok
Directory | File | Error
File | Directory | Error
File | File | Ok

On Windows:

`from` | `to` | Result
---- | ---- | ----
Directory | Directory | Error
Directory | File | Ok
File | Directory | Error
File | File | Ok

This is a bit against the official MSDN documentation, which says "(`MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING`) cannot be used if `lpNewFileName` or `lpExistingFileName` names a directory." As evidenced above, `lpExistingFileName` *can* be a directory.

I also mentioned the atomicity of the operation.

Fixes #31301.

This commit rewrites all of the tidy checks we have, namely:

* featureck
* errorck
* tidy
* binaries

into Rust under a new `tidy` tool inside of the `src/tools` directory. This at
the same time deletes all the corresponding Python tidy checks so we can be sure
to only have one source of truth for all the tidy checks.

cc #31590

rustdoc: Fix testing no_run code blocks

This was a regression introduced by #31250 where the compiler deferred returning
the results of compilation a little too late (after the `Stop` check was looked
at). This commit alters the stop point to first try to return an erroneous
`result` and only if it was successful return the sentinel `Err(0)`.

Closes #31576

std: Stabilize APIs for the 1.9 release

This commit applies all stabilizations, renamings, and deprecations that the
library team has decided on for the upcoming 1.9 release. All tracking issues
have gone through a cycle-long "final comment period" and the specific APIs
stabilized/deprecated are:

Stable

* `std::panic`
* `std::panic::catch_unwind` (renamed from `recover`)
* `std::panic::resume_unwind` (renamed from `propagate`)
* `std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe` (renamed from `AssertRecoverSafe`)
* `std::panic::UnwindSafe` (renamed from `RecoverSafe`)
* `str::is_char_boundary`
* `<*const T>::as_ref`
* `<*mut T>::as_ref`
* `<*mut T>::as_mut`
* `AsciiExt::make_ascii_uppercase`
* `AsciiExt::make_ascii_lowercase`
* `char::decode_utf16`
* `char::DecodeUtf16`
* `char::DecodeUtf16Error`
* `char::DecodeUtf16Error::unpaired_surrogate`
* `BTreeSet::take`
* `BTreeSet::replace`
* `BTreeSet::get`
* `HashSet::take`
* `HashSet::replace`
* `HashSet::get`
* `OsString::with_capacity`
* `OsString::clear`
* `OsString::capacity`
* `OsString::reserve`
* `OsString::reserve_exact`
* `OsStr::is_empty`
* `OsStr::len`
* `std::os::unix::thread`
* `RawPthread`
* `JoinHandleExt`
* `JoinHandleExt::as_pthread_t`
* `JoinHandleExt::into_pthread_t`
* `HashSet::hasher`
* `HashMap::hasher`
* `CommandExt::exec`
* `File::try_clone`
* `SocketAddr::set_ip`
* `SocketAddr::set_port`
* `SocketAddrV4::set_ip`
* `SocketAddrV4::set_port`
* `SocketAddrV6::set_ip`
* `SocketAddrV6::set_port`
* `SocketAddrV6::set_flowinfo`
* `SocketAddrV6::set_scope_id`
* `<[T]>::copy_from_slice`
* `ptr::read_volatile`
* `ptr::write_volatile`
* The `#[deprecated]` attribute
* `OpenOptions::create_new`

Deprecated

* `std::raw::Slice` - use raw parts of `slice` module instead
* `std::raw::Repr` - use raw parts of `slice` module instead
* `str::char_range_at` - use slicing plus `chars()` plus `len_utf8`
* `str::char_range_at_reverse` - use slicing plus `chars().rev()` plus `len_utf8`
* `str::char_at` - use slicing plus `chars()`
* `str::char_at_reverse` - use slicing plus `chars().rev()`
* `str::slice_shift_char` - use `chars()` plus `Chars::as_str`
* `CommandExt::session_leader` - use `before_exec` instead.

Closes #27719
cc #27751 (deprecating the `Slice` bits)
Closes #27754
Closes #27780
Closes #27809
Closes #27811
Closes #27830
Closes #28050
Closes #29453
Closes #29791
Closes #29935
Closes #30014
Closes #30752
Closes #31262
cc #31398 (still need to deal with `before_exec`)
Closes #31405
Closes #31572
Closes #31755
Closes #31756

Fixes #31301.

Fix the span for try shorthand expressions

My five character contribution to the rust parser! Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/32709.

Rollup of 9 pull requests

- Successful merges: #32768, #32802, #32815, #32823, #32849, #32854, #32862, #32870, #32873
- Failed merges:

This was a regression introduced by #31250 where the compiler deferred returning
the results of compilation a little too late (after the `Stop` check was looked
at). This commit alters the stop point to first try to return an erroneous
`result` and only if it was successful return the sentinel `Err(0)`.

Closes #31576

This commit applies all stabilizations, renamings, and deprecations that the
library team has decided on for the upcoming 1.9 release. All tracking issues
have gone through a cycle-long "final comment period" and the specific APIs
stabilized/deprecated are:

Stable

* `std::panic`
* `std::panic::catch_unwind` (renamed from `recover`)
* `std::panic::resume_unwind` (renamed from `propagate`)
* `std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe` (renamed from `AssertRecoverSafe`)
* `std::panic::UnwindSafe` (renamed from `RecoverSafe`)
* `str::is_char_boundary`
* `<*const T>::as_ref`
* `<*mut T>::as_ref`
* `<*mut T>::as_mut`
* `AsciiExt::make_ascii_uppercase`
* `AsciiExt::make_ascii_lowercase`
* `char::decode_utf16`
* `char::DecodeUtf16`
* `char::DecodeUtf16Error`
* `char::DecodeUtf16Error::unpaired_surrogate`
* `BTreeSet::take`
* `BTreeSet::replace`
* `BTreeSet::get`
* `HashSet::take`
* `HashSet::replace`
* `HashSet::get`
* `OsString::with_capacity`
* `OsString::clear`
* `OsString::capacity`
* `OsString::reserve`
* `OsString::reserve_exact`
* `OsStr::is_empty`
* `OsStr::len`
* `std::os::unix::thread`
* `RawPthread`
* `JoinHandleExt`
* `JoinHandleExt::as_pthread_t`
* `JoinHandleExt::into_pthread_t`
* `HashSet::hasher`
* `HashMap::hasher`
* `CommandExt::exec`
* `File::try_clone`
* `SocketAddr::set_ip`
* `SocketAddr::set_port`
* `SocketAddrV4::set_ip`
* `SocketAddrV4::set_port`
* `SocketAddrV6::set_ip`
* `SocketAddrV6::set_port`
* `SocketAddrV6::set_flowinfo`
* `SocketAddrV6::set_scope_id`
* `<[T]>::copy_from_slice`
* `ptr::read_volatile`
* `ptr::write_volatile`
* The `#[deprecated]` attribute
* `OpenOptions::create_new`

Deprecated

* `std::raw::Slice` - use raw parts of `slice` module instead
* `std::raw::Repr` - use raw parts of `slice` module instead
* `str::char_range_at` - use slicing plus `chars()` plus `len_utf8`
* `str::char_range_at_reverse` - use slicing plus `chars().rev()` plus `len_utf8`
* `str::char_at` - use slicing plus `chars()`
* `str::char_at_reverse` - use slicing plus `chars().rev()`
* `str::slice_shift_char` - use `chars()` plus `Chars::as_str`
* `CommandExt::session_leader` - use `before_exec` instead.

Closes #27719
cc #27751 (deprecating the `Slice` bits)
Closes #27754
Closes #27780
Closes #27809
Closes #27811
Closes #27830
Closes #28050
Closes #29453
Closes #29791
Closes #29935
Closes #30014
Closes #30752
Closes #31262
cc #31398 (still need to deal with `before_exec`)
Closes #31405
Closes #31572
Closes #31755
Closes #31756

Match signed/unsigned integer type docs

* Copy documentation from signed implementation to unsigned implementation, where necessary.

A few functions had elaborate docs in the signed version but not in the unsigned version. This probably happenned because the signed version is at the top and the author didn't realize they had to update the documentation in both locations.

* Use signed integers in signed documentation, where possible.

r? @steveklabnik

Fix Windows UNC paths in std::path docs

Bit-magic for faster is_char_boundary

The asm generated for b < 128 || b >= 192 is not ideal, as it computes
both sub-inequalities. This patch replaces it with bit magic.

Fixes #32471

Add some missing commas and missing titles/formatting

Fixes #29373.

r? @steveklabnik

resolve: import resolution diagnostics

This improves the diagnostics for failing import resolutions (fixes #32833).
r? @EddyB

Read "is-like-msvc" target option from JSON

This is in reference to #32818.

Adds data race in docs

Thanks for all your hard work!
This is in reference to #32733
I know there has been a discussion about this on PR #32538 so you are welcome to keep the code as is or merge my documentation in.
Let me know what you think and/or if you want me to modify anything!

add regression test for #32505

Fixes #32505

r? @EddyB

Add doc examples for Iter and IterMut

Fixes #29374.

r? @steveklabnik

resolve: Add regression tests for fixed issues

This adds regression tests for fixed issues in resolve (closes #22146, closes #24883, closes #26930).
r? @EddyB

Review fixes for #32878

This contains review fixes for the PR.

* Copy documentation from signed implementation to unsigned implementation, where necessary.
* Use signed integers in signed documentation, where possible.

Set the version number for stabilization of braced_empty_structs

and augmented_assignment to 1.8.0.

Per the comments, the numbers in this table reflect the "current
status".

cc @rust-lang/libs @rust-lang/lang

Discovered this while hunting for 1.8 features. I'm afraid there may be more of these that are incorrect and we may have created a mess.

Blacklist fn item types from being used with variadic functions.

Fixes #32201 by adding fn types to the variadic blacklist which currently includes `bool`, `i8`, `u8`, `i16`, `u16` and `f32`.

The asm generated for b < 128 || b >= 192 is not ideal, as it computes
both sub-inequalities. This patch replaces it with bit magic.

Fixes #32471

Fix cargotest

Tested in dev.