These changes remove unnecessary basic blocks and the associated branches from
the LLVM IR that we emit. Together, they reduce the time for unoptimized builds
in stage2 by about 10% on my box.

When loading a module the parser will look for either foo.rs or foo/mod.rs and generate
an error when both are found.

The new snapshot now enables this.

Re-enabling these when the ephemeral failures are fixed is filed as
issue #7956.

rm obsolete no-op lints

When loading a module the parser will look for either foo.rs or foo/mod.rs and generate
an error when both are found.

~str and @str need separate implementations for use in generic
functions, where it will not automatically use the impl on &str.

fixes issue #7900

Closes #5275, #4547

Made the `iter` and `mut_iter` methods on SmallIntMap and SmallIntSet return double-ended-iterators. These iterators now implement `size_hint`.

Also the iterator tests only tested dense maps/sets, which aren't very useful. So they were changed to iterate over sparse maps/sets.

Fixes #7721

These blocks were required because previously we could only insert
instructions at the end of blocks, but we wanted to have all allocas in
one place, so they can be collapse. But now we have "direct" access the
the LLVM IR builder and can position it freely. This allows us to use
the same trick that clang uses, which means that we insert a dummy
"marker" instruction to identify the spot at which we want to insert
allocas. We can then later position the IR builder at that spot and
insert the alloca instruction, without any dedicated block.

The block for loading the closure environment can now also go away,
because the function context now provides the toplevel block, and the
translation of the loading happens first, so that's good enough.

Makes the LLVM IR a bit more readable, saving a bunch of branches in the
unoptimized code, which benefits unoptimized builds.

Currently, the helper functions in the "build" module can only append
at the end of a block. For certain things we'll want to be able to
insert code at arbitrary locations inside a block though. Although can
we do that by directly calling the LLVM functions, that is rather ugly
and means that somethings need to be implemented twice. Once in terms
of the helper functions and once in terms of low level LLVM functions.

Instead of doing that, we should provide a Builder type that provides
low level access to the builder, and which can be used by both, the
helper functions in the "build" module, as well larger units of
abstractions that combine several LLVM instructions.

The nested with_cond calls each introduce a "next" block, with the
inner one just jumping to the outer one.

Currently, all closures have an llenv block to load values from the
captured environment, but for closure that don't actually capture
anything, that block is useless and can be skipped.

This adds new #[bench] benchmarks for extra::smallintmap, treemap, sha1, sha256 and 512, and base64. Also fixes a bunch of warnings in bitv.

This does a number of things, but especially dramatically reduce the
number of allocations performed for operations involving attributes/
meta items:

- Converts ast::meta_item & ast::attribute and other associated enums
  to CamelCase.
- Converts several standalone functions in syntax::attr into methods,
  defined on two traits AttrMetaMethods & AttributeMethods. The former
  is common to both MetaItem and Attribute since the latter is a thin
  wrapper around the former.
- Deletes functions that are unnecessary due to iterators.
- Converts other standalone functions to use iterators and the generic
  AttrMetaMethods rather than allocating a lot of new vectors (e.g. the
  old code would have to allocate a new vector to use functions that
  operated on &[meta_item] on &[attribute].)
- Moves the core algorithm of the #[cfg] matching to syntax::attr,
  similar to find_inline_attr and find_linkage_metas.

This doesn't have much of an effect on the speed of #[cfg] stripping,
despite hugely reducing the number of allocations performed; presumably
most of the time is spent in the ast folder rather than doing attribute
checks.

Also fixes the Eq instance of MetaItem_ to correctly ignore spans, so
that `rustc --cfg 'foo(bar)'` now works.

r? @nikomatsakis

Place `pub` or `priv` on individual items instead.

Implement method .cycle() that repeats an iterator endlessly

Implement Clone for simple iterators (without closures), including VecIterator.

> The theory is simple, the immutable iterators simply hold state
> variables (indicies or pointers) into frozen containers. We can freely
> clone these iterators, just like we can clone borrowed pointers.

The theory is simple, the immutable iterators simply hold state
variables (indicies or pointers) into frozen containers. We can freely
clone these iterators, just like we can clone borrowed pointers.

VecIterator needs a manual impl to handle the lifetime struct member.

r? @brson

~str and @str need separate implementations for use in generic
functions, where it will not automatically use the impl on &str.

This pull request includes various improvements:

+ Composite types (structs, tuples, boxes, etc) are now handled more cleanly by debuginfo generation. Most notably, field offsets are now extracted directly from LLVM types, as opposed to trying to reconstruct them. This leads to more stable handling of edge cases (e.g. packed structs or structs implementing drop).

+ `debuginfo.rs` in general has seen a major cleanup. This includes better formatting, more readable variable and function names, removal of dead code, and better factoring of functionality.

+ Handling of `VariantInfo` in `ty.rs` has been improved. That is, the `type VariantInfo = @VariantInfo_` typedef has been replaced with explicit uses of @VariantInfo, and the duplicated logic for creating VariantInfo instances in `ty::enum_variants()` and `typeck::check::mod::check_enum_variants()` has been unified into a single constructor function. Both function now look nicer too :)

+ Debug info generation for enum types is now mostly supported. This includes:
  + Good support for C-style enums. Both DWARF and `gdb` know how to handle them.
  + Proper description of tuple- and struct-style enum variants as unions of structs.
  + Proper handling of univariant enums without discriminator field.
  + Unfortunately `gdb` always prints all possible interpretations of a union, so debug output of enums is verbose and unintuitive. Neither `LLVM` nor `gdb` support DWARF's `DW_TAG_variant` which allows to properly describe tagged unions. Adding support for this to `LLVM` seems doable. `gdb` however is another story. In the future we might be able to use `gdb`'s Python scripting support to alleviate this problem. In agreement with @jdm this is not a high priority for now.

+ The debuginfo test suite has been extended with 14 test files including tests for packed structs (with Drop), boxed structs, boxed vecs, vec slices, c-style enums (standalone and embedded), empty enums, tuple- and struct-style enums, and various pointer types to the above.

~~What is not yet included is DI support for some enum edge-cases represented as described in `trans::adt::NullablePointer`.~~

Cheers,
Michael

PS: closes #7819,  fixes #7712

This does a bunch of cleanup on the data structures for the trait system. (Unfortunately it doesn't remove `provided_method_sources`. Maybe later.)

It also changes how cross crate methods are handled, so that information about them is exported in metadata, instead of having the methods regenerated by every crate that imports an impl.

r? @nikomatsakis, maybe?

r? @graydon

Some notes about the commits.

Exit code propagation commits:
* ```Reimplement unwrap()``` has the same old code from ```arc::unwrap``` ported to use modern atomic types and finally (it's considerably nicer this way)
* ```Add try_unwrap()``` has some new slightly-tricky (but pretty simple) concurrency primitive code
* ```Add KillHandle``` and ```Add kill::Death``` are the bulk of the logic.

Task killing commits:
* ```Implement KillHandle::kill() and friends```, ```Do a task-killed check```, and ```Add BlockedTask``` implement the killing logic;
* ```Change the HOF context switchers``` turns said logic on

Linked failure commits:
* ```Replace *rust_task ptrs``` adapts the taskgroup code to work for both runtimes
* ```Enable taskgroup code``` does what it says on the tin.

r? @brson

r? @brson `rustpkg build`, if executed in a package source directory inside
a workspace, will now build that package. By "inside a workspace"
I mean that the parent directory has to be called `src`, and rustpkg
will create a `build` directory in .. if there isn't already one.

Same goes for `rustpkg install` and `rustpkg clean`.

For the time being, `rustpkg build` (etc.) will still error out if
you run it inside a directory whose parent isn't called `src`.
I'm not sure whether or not it's desirable to have it do something
in a non-workspace directory.