Use cargo run as much as possible...

Fixes #15562.

We have to specify the module and the function name in the example where
the module shares a crate with the executable as well, so remove the
redundant (and potentially confusing) mention.

For review. Not sure about the link_attrs stuff. Will work on converting all the tests.

extern crate "foobar" as foo;
extern crate foobar as foo;

Implements remaining part of RFC #47.
Addresses issue #16461.

Removed link_attrs from rust.md, they don't appear to be supported by
the parser.

This library has been moved out to a cargo package in rust-lang.

This library has been moved out to a cargo package in rust-lang.

Fix for type identifiers with only underscores (two or more), I assume they doesn't count as camel case.

```rust
type __ = int;

fn main() {
}
```

```
error: internal compiler error: unexpected failure
note: the compiler hit an unexpected failure path. this is a bug.
note: we would appreciate a bug report: http://doc.rust-lang.org/complement-bugreport.html
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` for a backtrace
task 'rustc' failed at 'index out of bounds: the len is 0 but the index is 0', /home/rustbuild/src/rust-buildbot/slave/nightly-linux/build/src/librustc/lib.rs:1

stack backtrace:
   1: 0xb603f5d0 - rt::backtrace::imp::write::ha55f265f6626471dmxr
   2: 0xb6042620 - failure::on_fail::h4d2c6d42b67e94803Sr
   3: 0xb640a180 - unwind::begin_unwind_inner::h484879fa7cc3611fZhe
   4: 0xb6409e50 - unwind::begin_unwind_fmt::hd14e5c64bc9006capfe
   5: 0xb6409df0 - rust_begin_unwind
   6: 0xb6454580 - failure::begin_unwind::h9ab1fc5753bd08f3YDk
   7: 0xb6458cb0 - failure::fail_bounds_check::h88167bad36865909aCk
   8: 0xb6f685d0 - lint::builtin::NonCamelCaseTypes.LintPass::check_item::check_case::he854eeffd105cb0f40E
   9: 0xb6f68050 - lint::builtin::NonCamelCaseTypes.LintPass::check_item::hc35b45d248e41cd43XE
  10: 0xb6f7b760 - lint::context::Context<'a>.Visitor<(*>::visit_item::closure.139262
  11: 0xb6f79510 - lint::context::Context<'a>::with_lint_attrs::hb9efe321fa321ce6spG
  12: 0xb6f81d30 - lint::context::Context<'a>.Visitor<(*>::visit_mod::he4593c831936b308ZMG
  13: 0xb6f8f2f0 - lint::context::check_crate::closure.139319
  14: 0xb6f79510 - lint::context::Context<'a>::with_lint_attrs::hb9efe321fa321ce6spG
  15: 0xb6efda70 - lint::context::check_crate::ha9e64328726b9579q1G
  16: 0xb6efda20 - driver::driver::phase_3_run_analysis_passes::closure.136263
  17: 0xb659d640 - util::common::time::h2837683151147173214
  18: 0xb6e7d130 - driver::driver::phase_3_run_analysis_passes::h7079eff53afc4de3Jfz
  19: 0xb6e783f0 - driver::driver::compile_input::h0ec84a550e24779cP1y
  20: 0xb6f26250 - driver::run_compiler::h7e7c01ecbfd0ad87JzC
  21: 0xb6f26150 - driver::main_args::closure.137215
  22: 0xb6f380d0 - task::TaskBuilder<S>::try_future::closure.138376
  23: 0xb6f37ec0 - task::TaskBuilder<S>::spawn_internal::closure.138353
  24: 0xb774bdd0 - task::spawn_opts::closure.8325
  25: 0xb6409c10 - unwind::try::try_fn::h91f00772748cf73eD8d
  26: 0xb6468ae0 - rust_try_inner
  27: 0xb6468aa0 - rust_try
  28: 0xb6407880 - unwind::try::h78a4fc0e85c326aef6d
  29: 0xb6407640 - task::Task::run::hb6f2d9484116e3d8xcd
  30: 0xb774bba0 - task::spawn_opts::closure.8271
  31: 0xb6409350 - thread::thread_start::h8c02fef9f651da5cjBd
  32: 0xb5ed3fc0 - start_thread
  33: 0xb62e8a32 - __clone
  34:        0x0 - <unknown>
```

because eyesore

DST coercions and DST fields in structs

The commits are not quite stand alone, I should probably squash them together before landing. In particular if you review the individual commits, then you'll see some scrappy stuff that gets fixed in later commits. But reading the commits in order might be easier to get an overall idea of what is going on.

The first commit includes putting back time zone into our time library - @pcwalton removed that as part of his de-~str'ing, but I had already converted it to use StrBuf, so we may as well leave it in. Update: no longer, this is removed in a later commit.

We shouldn't be making calls directly to `ty::node_id_to_type` since the typer may be bcx which also has to monomorphize the type.

Fixes #16643.

[breaking-change]

1. The internal layout for traits has changed from (vtable, data) to (data, vtable). If you were relying on this in unsafe transmutes, you might get some very weird and apparently unrelated errors. You should not be doing this! Prefer not to do this at all, but if you must, you should use raw::TraitObject rather than hardcoding rustc's internal representation into your code.

2. The minimal type of reference-to-vec-literals (e.g., `&[1, 2, 3]`) is now a fixed size vec (e.g., `&[int, ..3]`) where it used to be an unsized vec (e.g., `&[int]`). If you want the unszied type, you must explicitly give the type (e.g., `let x: &[_] = &[1, 2, 3]`). Note in particular where multiple blocks must have the same type (e.g., if and else clauses, vec elements), the compiler will not coerce to the unsized type without a hint. E.g., `[&[1], &[1, 2]]` used to be a valid expression of type '[&[int]]'. It no longer type checks since the first element now has type `&[int, ..1]` and the second has type &[int, ..2]` which are incompatible.

3. The type of blocks (including functions) must be coercible to the expected type (used to be a subtype). Mostly this makes things more flexible and not less (in particular, in the case of coercing function bodies to the return type). However, in some rare cases, this is less flexible. TBH, I'm not exactly sure of the exact effects. I think the change causes us to resolve inferred type variables slightly earlier which might make us slightly more restrictive. Possibly it only affects blocks with unreachable code. E.g., `if ... { fail!(); "Hello" }` used to type check, it no longer does. The fix is to add a semicolon after the string.

Closes #16725

The privacy pass of the compiler was previously not taking into account the
privacy of foreign items, or bindings to external functions. This commit fixes
this oversight by encoding the visibility of foreign items into the metadata for
each crate.

Any code relying on this will start to fail to  compile and the bindings must be
marked with `pub` to indicate that they can be used externally.

Closes #16725
[breaking-change]

Closes #8492.

I did not find this suggestion in the [guidelines][] but it's mentioned in the [old style guide][].

[guidelines]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-guidelines
[old style guide]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/wiki/Note-style-guide/73c864a10a8e231e2a6630e5a3461f1d3022a20a

If a task is spinning in an accept loop, there is currently no method of gracefully shutting it down. This PR introduces a way to do so by cloning the acceptor and implementing a close_accept method to unblocking any pending acceptor.

As with other I/O methods like this, it is `#[experimental]` from the start and sadly carries with it a good deal of code to support it. Much of the complication is from the fact that you can now concurrently accept on the same socket.

I tried to add a good deal of tests for this change, but another set of eyes is always appreciated!

This commits takes a similar strategy to the previous commit to implement
close_accept and clone for the native win32 pipes implementation.

Closes #15595

Document the new code for how close_accept and timeouts are implemented.

This commit implements TcpAcceptor::{close, close_accept} for windows via
WSAEVENT types.

This commits implements {Tcp,Unix}Acceptor::{clone,close_accept} methods for
all of librustuv.

This implementation rewrites much of Access, AccessTimeout, and AcceptTimeout to
have type parameter for shared state that all acceptors share (a shared queue of
sockets). The incoming/outgoing channels have been removed as all timeouts and
such are now managed on the event loop rather than concurrently.

This commits implements {Tcp,Unix}Acceptor::{clone,close_accept} methods for
unix. A windows implementation is coming in a later commit.

The clone implementation is based on atomic reference counting (as with all
other clones), and the close_accept implementation is based on selecting on a
self-pipe which signals that a close has been seen.

Shows linker spew even when linking succeeds.  This is occasionally useful in order to see verbose linker output.

This lets the parser understand trailing commas in method calls, method definitions, enum variants, and type parameters.

Closes #14240.
Closes #15887.

Current version of rust fails when casting from bool, e.g.
```rust
fn main() {
    let _a = false as uint;
    let _b = true as uint;
    let _c: [bool, ..false as uint];
    let _d: [bool, ..true as uint];
    // _a and _b work, but _c and _d result in an error
    // error: expected constant expr for vector length: can't cast str to uint
}
```
This commit makes it work as expected.

Use ExactSize::len() and defer to its decisions about overly defensive
assertions. Remove the length double-check and simply put a failure
case if the Zip finds an uneven end in .next_back().

Fixing this up since I think I wrote this, and it's been known to
confuse rusties (PR #15886).