Fix ty::populate_implementations_for_trait_if_necessary to load the trait's impls from all the crates.

rustc: rename ty::populate_implementations_for_type_if_necessary to make it clear that it only populates inherent impls.

Turns out that a verbatim path was leaking through to gcc via the PATH
environment variable (pointing to the bundled gcc provided by the main
distribution) which was wreaking havoc when gcc itself was run. The fix here is
to just stop passing verbatim paths down by adding more liberal uses of
`fix_windows_verbatim_for_gcc`.

Closes #25072

Puts implementations in bins hashed by the fast-reject key, and
only looks up the relevant impls, reducing O(n^2)-ishness

Before: 688.92user 5.08system 8:56.70elapsed 129%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 1208164maxresident)k, LLVM 379.142s
After: 637.78user 5.11system 8:17.48elapsed 129%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 1201448maxresident)k LLVM 375.552s

Performance increase is +7%-ish

The former stopped making sense when we started interning substs and made
TraitRef a 2-word copy type, and I'm moving the latter into an arena as
they live as long as the type context.

Fix #24687

This commit is an implementation of [RFC 1044][rfc] which adds additional
surface area to the `std::fs` module. All new APIs are `#[unstable]` behind
assorted feature names for each one.

[rfc]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/1044

The new APIs added are:

* `fs::canonicalize` - bindings to `realpath` on unix and
  `GetFinalPathNameByHandle` on windows.
* `fs::symlink_metadata` - similar to `lstat` on unix
* `fs::FileType` and accessor methods as `is_{file,dir,symlink}`
* `fs::Metadata::file_type` - accessor for the raw file type
* `fs::DirEntry::metadata` - acquisition of metadata which is free on Windows
  but requires a syscall on unix.
* `fs::DirEntry::file_type` - access the file type which may not require a
  syscall on most platforms.
* `fs::DirEntry::file_name` - access just the file name without leading
  components.
* `fs::PathExt::symlink_metadata` - convenience method for the top-level
  function.
* `fs::PathExt::canonicalize` - convenience method for the top-level
  function.
* `fs::PathExt::read_link` - convenience method for the top-level
  function.
* `fs::PathExt::read_dir` - convenience method for the top-level
  function.
* `std::os::raw` - type definitions for raw OS/C types available on all
  platforms.
* `std::os::$platform` - new modules have been added for all currently supported
  platforms (e.g. those more specific than just `unix`).
* `std::os::$platform::raw` - platform-specific type definitions. These modules
  are populated with the bare essentials necessary for lowing I/O types into
  their raw representations, and currently largely consist of the `stat`
  definition for unix platforms.

This commit also deprecates `Metadata::{modified, accessed}` in favor of
inspecting the raw representations via the lowering methods of `Metadata`.

Functional changes for associated constants. Cross-crate usage of associated constants is not yet working.

Introduces new variants and types in syntax::ast, middle::ty, and middle::def.

This commit removes all the old casting/generic traits from `std::num` that are
no longer in use by the standard library. This additionally removes the old
`strconv` module which has not seen much use in quite a long time. All generic
functionality has been supplanted with traits in the `num` crate and the
`strconv` module is supplanted with the [rust-strconv crate][rust-strconv].

[rust-strconv]: https://github.com/lifthrasiir/rust-strconv

This is a breaking change due to the removal of these deprecated crates, and the
alternative crates are listed above.

[breaking-change]

When linking an archive statically to an rlib, the compiler will extract all
contents of the archive and add them all to the rlib being generated. The
current method of extraction is to run `ar x`, dumping all files into a
temporary directory. Object archives, however, are allowed to have multiple
entries with the same file name, so there is no method for them to extract their
contents into a directory in a lossless fashion.

This commit adds iterator support to the `ArchiveRO` structure which hooks into
LLVM's support for reading object archives. This iterator is then used to
inspect each object in turn and extract it to a unique location for later
assembly.

`s/([^\(\s]+\.)len\(\) [(?:!=)>] 0/!$1is_empty()/g`

`s/(?<!\{ self)(?<=\.)len\(\) == 0/is_empty()/g`

* All bounds are now discovered through the trait to be inlined.
* The `?Sized` bound now renders correctly for inlined associated types.
* All `QPath`s (`<A as B>::C`) instances are rendered as `A::C` where `C` is a
  hyperlink to the trait `B`. This should improve at least how the docs look at
  least.
* Supertrait bounds are now separated and display as the source lists them.

Closes #20727
Closes #21145

- Functions in parser.rs return PResult<> rather than panicing
- Other functions in libsyntax call panic! explicitly for now if they rely on panicing behaviour.
- 'panictry!' macro added as scaffolding while converting panicing functions.
  (This does the same as 'unwrap()' but is easier to grep for and turn into try!())
- Leaves panicing wrappers for the following functions so that the
  quote_* macros behave the same:
  - parse_expr, parse_item, parse_pat, parse_arm, parse_ty, parse_stmt

Function params which outlive everything in the body (incl
temporaries).  Thus if we assign them their own `CodeExtent`, the
region inference can properly show that it is sound to have
temporaries with destructors that reference the parameters (because
such temporaries will be dropped before the parameters are).

This allows us to address issue 23338 in a clean way.

As a drive-by, fix a mistake in the tyencode for
`CodeExtent::BlockRemainder`.

since `Option` is not fundamental and hence the old impls run afoul of
the orphan rules.

This commit stabilizes the `std::num` module:

* The `Int` and `Float` traits are deprecated in favor of (1) the
  newly-added inherent methods and (2) the generic traits available in
  rust-lang/num.

* The `Zero` and `One` traits are reintroduced in `std::num`, which
  together with various other traits allow you to recover the most
  common forms of generic programming.

* The `FromStrRadix` trait, and associated free function, is deprecated
  in favor of inherent implementations.

* A wide range of methods and constants for both integers and floating
  point numbers are now `#[stable]`, having been adjusted for integer
  guidelines.

* `is_positive` and `is_negative` are renamed to `is_sign_positive` and
  `is_sign_negative`, in order to address #22985

* The `Wrapping` type is moved to `std::num` and stabilized;
  `WrappingOps` is deprecated in favor of inherent methods on the
  integer types, and direct implementation of operations on
  `Wrapping<X>` for each concrete integer type `X`.

Closes #22985
Closes #21069

[breaking-change]

This functions swaps the order of arguments to a few functions that previously
took (output, input) parameters, but now take (input, output) parameters (in
that order).

The affected functions are:

* ptr::copy
* ptr::copy_nonoverlapping
* slice::bytes::copy_memory
* intrinsics::copy
* intrinsics::copy_nonoverlapping

Closes #22890
[breaking-change]

This commit removes parser support for `extern crate "foo" as bar` as the
renamed crate is now required to be an identifier. Additionally this commit
enables hard errors on crate names that contain hyphens in them, they must now
solely contain alphanumeric characters or underscores.

If the crate name is inferred from the file name, however, the file name
`foo-bar.rs` will have the crate name inferred as `foo_bar`. If a binary is
being emitted it will have the name `foo-bar` and a library will have the name
`libfoo_bar.rlib`.

This commit is a breaking change for a number of reasons:

* Old syntax is being removed. This was previously only issuing warnings.
* The output for the compiler when input is received on stdin is now `rust_out`
  instead of `rust-out`.
* The crate name for a crate in the file `foo-bar.rs` is now `foo_bar` which can
  affect infrastructure such as logging.

[breaking-change]

This commit removes the extra deprecation warnings and support for the old
`phase` and `plugin` attributes for loading plugins.

Now that support has been removed, all lingering use cases are renamed.

This commit removes all parsing, resolve, and compiler support for the old and
long-deprecated int/uint types.

The compiler will now issue a warning for crates that have syntax of the form
`extern crate "foo" as bar`, but it will still continue to accept this syntax.
Additionally, the string `foo-bar` will match the crate name `foo_bar` to assist
in the transition period as well.

This patch will land hopefully in tandem with a Cargo patch that will start
translating all crate names to have underscores instead of hyphens.

cc #23533

This commit:

* Introduces `std::convert`, providing an implementation of
RFC 529.

* Deprecates the `AsPath`, `AsOsStr`, and `IntoBytes` traits, all
in favor of the corresponding generic conversion traits.

  Consequently, various IO APIs now take `AsRef<Path>` rather than
`AsPath`, and so on. Since the types provided by `std` implement both
traits, this should cause relatively little breakage.

* Deprecates many `from_foo` constructors in favor of `from`.

* Changes `PathBuf::new` to take no argument (creating an empty buffer,
  as per convention). The previous behavior is now available as
  `PathBuf::from`.

* De-stabilizes `IntoCow`. It's not clear whether we need this separate trait.

Closes #22751
Closes #14433

[breaking-change]

`[]` on maps to `get` in rustc, since stage0 and stage1+ disagree about
how to use `[]`.

This removes the error case of the compression functions, the only errors that
can occur are incorrect parameters or an out-of-memory condition, both of which
are handled with panics in Rust.

Also introduces an extensible `Error` type instead of returning an `Option`.

This adds a special code path for impls which are listed as default impls to
ensure that they're loaded correctly.