Avoid an ICE and instead let the compiler report a useful error

compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/nll_relate/mod.rs

@@ -662,7 +662,11 @@ fn consts(
         match b.kind() {
             ty::ConstKind::Infer(InferConst::Var(_)) if D::forbid_inference_vars() => {
                 // Forbid inference variables in the RHS.
-                bug!("unexpected inference var {:?}", b)
+                self.infcx.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(
+                    self.delegate.span(),
+                    format!("unexpected inference var {:?}", b,),
+                );
+                Ok(a)
             }
             // FIXME(invariance): see the related FIXME above.
             _ => self.infcx.super_combine_consts(self, a, b),

src/test/ui/issues/issue-98299.rs

+use std::convert::TryFrom;
+
+pub fn test_usage(p: ()) {
+    SmallCString::try_from(p).map(|cstr| cstr);
+    //~^ ERROR: type annotations needed
+}
+
+pub struct SmallCString<const N: usize> {}
+
+impl<const N: usize> TryFrom<()> for SmallCString<N> {
+    type Error = ();
+
+    fn try_from(path: ()) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        unimplemented!();
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {}

src/test/ui/issues/issue-98299.stderr

+error[E0282]: type annotations needed
+  --> $DIR/issue-98299.rs:4:5
+   |
+LL |     SmallCString::try_from(p).map(|cstr| cstr);
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ cannot infer type for enum `Result<SmallCString<{_: usize}>, ()>`
+
+error: aborting due to previous error
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0282`.