Give a better error message for duplicate built-in macros

Previously, this would say no such macro existed, but this was
misleading, since the macro _did_ exist, it was just already seen.

- Say where the macro was previously defined
- Add long-form error message

compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes.rs

@@ -454,6 +454,7 @@
 E0769: include_str!("./error_codes/E0769.md"),
 E0770: include_str!("./error_codes/E0770.md"),
 E0771: include_str!("./error_codes/E0771.md"),
+E0773: include_str!("./error_codes/E0773.md"),
 ;
 //  E0006, // merged with E0005
 //  E0008, // cannot bind by-move into a pattern guard

compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0773.md

+A builtin-macro was defined more than once.
+
+Erroneous code example:
+
+```compile_fail,E0773
+#![feature(decl_macro)]
+#![feature(rustc_attrs)]
+
+#[rustc_builtin_macro]
+pub macro test($item:item) {
+    /* compiler built-in */
+}
+
+mod inner {
+    #[rustc_builtin_macro]
+    pub macro test($item:item) {
+        /* compiler built-in */
+    }
+}
+```
+
+To fix the issue, remove the duplicate declaration:
+
+```
+#![feature(decl_macro)]
+#![feature(rustc_attrs)]
+
+#[rustc_builtin_macro]
+pub macro test($item:item) {
+    /* compiler built-in */
+}
+```
+
+In very rare edge cases, this may happen when loading `core` or `std` twice,
+once with `check` metadata and once with `build` metadata.
+For more information, see [#75176].
+
+[#75176]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/75176#issuecomment-683234468

compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs

@@ -867,6 +867,12 @@ pub struct ExternPreludeEntry<'a> {
     pub introduced_by_item: bool,
 }
 
+/// Used for better errors for E0773
+enum BuiltinMacroState {
+    NotYetSeen(SyntaxExtension),
+    AlreadySeen(Span),
+}
+
 /// The main resolver class.
 ///
 /// This is the visitor that walks the whole crate.
@@ -960,7 +966,7 @@ pub struct Resolver<'a> {
 
     crate_loader: CrateLoader<'a>,
     macro_names: FxHashSet<Ident>,
-    builtin_macros: FxHashMap<Symbol, SyntaxExtension>,
+    builtin_macros: FxHashMap<Symbol, BuiltinMacroState>,
     registered_attrs: FxHashSet<Ident>,
     registered_tools: FxHashSet<Ident>,
     macro_use_prelude: FxHashMap<Symbol, &'a NameBinding<'a>>,

compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 use crate::imports::ImportResolver;
 use crate::Namespace::*;
-use crate::{AmbiguityError, AmbiguityErrorMisc, AmbiguityKind, Determinacy};
+use crate::{AmbiguityError, AmbiguityErrorMisc, AmbiguityKind, BuiltinMacroState, Determinacy};
 use crate::{CrateLint, ParentScope, ResolutionError, Resolver, Scope, ScopeSet, Weak};
 use crate::{ModuleKind, ModuleOrUniformRoot, NameBinding, PathResult, Segment, ToNameBinding};
 use rustc_ast::{self as ast, NodeId};
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 use rustc_ast_pretty::pprust;
 use rustc_attr::StabilityLevel;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
+use rustc_errors::struct_span_err;
 use rustc_expand::base::{Indeterminate, InvocationRes, ResolverExpand, SyntaxExtension};
 use rustc_expand::compile_declarative_macro;
 use rustc_expand::expand::{AstFragment, AstFragmentKind, Invocation, InvocationKind};
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ fn visit_ast_fragment_with_placeholders(&mut self, expansion: ExpnId, fragment:
     }
 
     fn register_builtin_macro(&mut self, ident: Ident, ext: SyntaxExtension) {
-        if self.builtin_macros.insert(ident.name, ext).is_some() {
+        if self.builtin_macros.insert(ident.name, BuiltinMacroState::NotYetSeen(ext)).is_some() {
             self.session
                 .span_err(ident.span, &format!("built-in macro `{}` was already defined", ident));
         }
@@ -1076,10 +1077,23 @@ fn prohibit_imported_non_macro_attrs(
 
         if result.is_builtin {
             // The macro was marked with `#[rustc_builtin_macro]`.
-            if let Some(ext) = self.builtin_macros.remove(&item.ident.name) {
+            if let Some(builtin_macro) = self.builtin_macros.get_mut(&item.ident.name) {
                 // The macro is a built-in, replace its expander function
                 // while still taking everything else from the source code.
-                result.kind = ext.kind;
+                // If we already loaded this builtin macro, give a better error message than 'no such builtin macro'.
+                match mem::replace(builtin_macro, BuiltinMacroState::AlreadySeen(item.span)) {
+                    BuiltinMacroState::NotYetSeen(ext) => result.kind = ext.kind,
+                    BuiltinMacroState::AlreadySeen(span) => {
+                        struct_span_err!(
+                            self.session,
+                            item.span,
+                            E0773,
+                            "attempted to define built-in macro more than once"
+                        )
+                        .span_note(span, "previously defined here")
+                        .emit();
+                    }
+                }
             } else {
                 let msg = format!("cannot find a built-in macro with name `{}`", item.ident);
                 self.session.span_err(item.span, &msg);

src/test/ui/macros/duplicate-builtin.rs

+// compile-flags:--crate-type lib
+#![feature(decl_macro)]
+#![feature(rustc_attrs)]
+
+#[rustc_builtin_macro]
+pub macro test($item:item) {
+//~^ NOTE previously defined
+    /* compiler built-in */
+}
+
+mod inner {
+    #[rustc_builtin_macro]
+    pub macro test($item:item) {
+    //~^ ERROR attempted to define built-in macro more than once [E0773]
+        /* compiler built-in */
+    }
+}

src/test/ui/macros/duplicate-builtin.stderr

+error[E0773]: attempted to define built-in macro more than once
+  --> $DIR/duplicate-builtin.rs:13:5
+   |
+LL | /     pub macro test($item:item) {
+LL | |
+LL | |         /* compiler built-in */
+LL | |     }
+   | |_____^
+   |
+note: previously defined here
+  --> $DIR/duplicate-builtin.rs:6:1
+   |
+LL | / pub macro test($item:item) {
+LL | |
+LL | |     /* compiler built-in */
+LL | | }
+   | |_^
+
+error: aborting due to previous error
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0773`.

src/test/ui/macros/unknown-builtin.rs

-// error-pattern: cannot find a built-in macro with name `line`
+// error-pattern: attempted to define built-in macro more than once
 
 #![feature(rustc_attrs)]
 
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 macro_rules! unknown { () => () } //~ ERROR cannot find a built-in macro with name `unknown`
 
 #[rustc_builtin_macro]
-macro_rules! line { () => () }
+macro_rules! line { () => () } //~ NOTE previously defined here
 
 fn main() {
     line!();

src/test/ui/macros/unknown-builtin.stderr

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ error: cannot find a built-in macro with name `unknown`
 LL | macro_rules! unknown { () => () }
    | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-error: cannot find a built-in macro with name `line`
+error[E0773]: attempted to define built-in macro more than once
   --> $SRC_DIR/core/src/macros/mod.rs:LL:COL
    |
 LL | /     macro_rules! line {
@@ -13,6 +13,13 @@ LL | |             /* compiler built-in */
 LL | |         };
 LL | |     }
    | |_____^
+   |
+note: previously defined here
+  --> $DIR/unknown-builtin.rs:9:1
+   |
+LL | macro_rules! line { () => () }
+   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
 
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0773`.