move closure kind, signature into `ClosureSubsts`

Instead of using side-tables, store the closure-kind and signature in the substitutions themselves. This has two key effects:

- It means that the closure's type changes as inference finds out more things, which is very nice.
    - As a result, it avoids the need for the `freshen_closure_like` code (though we still use it for generators).
- It avoids cyclic closures calls.
    - These were never meant to be supported, precisely because they make a lot of the fancy inference that we do much more complicated. However, due to an oversight, it was previously possible -- if challenging -- to create a setup where a closure *directly* called itself (see e.g. #21410).

We have to see what the effect of this change is, though. Needs a crater run. Marking as [WIP] until that has been assessed.

r? @arielb1