The deriving code has inconsistent terminology to describe args.

In some places it distinguishes between:
- the `&self` arg (if present), versus
- all other args.

In other places it distinguishes between:
- the `&self` arg (if present) and any other arguments with the same
  type (in practice there is at most one, e.g. in `PartialEq::eq`),
  versus
- all other args.

The terms "self_args" and "nonself_args" are sometimes used for the
former distinction, and sometimes for the latter. "args" is also
sometimes used for "all other args".

This commit makes the code consistently uses "self_args"/"nonself_args"
for the former and "selflike_args"/"nonselflike_args" for the latter.
This change makes the code easier to read.

The commit also adds a panic on an impossible path (the `Self_` case) in
`extract_arg_details`.