Add const examples

I only added them to `std::f32` to get feedback on this approach before adding the other constants.

When looking at https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/68952, I found the docs a little confusing. Unless you're intimately aware of what's going on here, I don't think it's super clear what is deprecated and what you're supposed to do instead. I think short examples really clarify what's meant here, so that's what I did.