limit.

master was closing the connection if the RDB transfer took long time.
and also sent PINGs to the slave before it got the initial ACK, in which case the slave wouldn't be able to find the EOF marker.

Track bandwidth used by clients and replication (but diskless
replication is not tracked since the actual transfer happens in the
child process).

This includes a refactoring that makes tracking new instantaneous
metrics simpler.

zmalloc(0) cauesd to actually trigger a non-zero allocation since with
standard libc malloc we have our own zmalloc header for memory tracking,
but at the same time the returned pointer is at the end of the block and
not in the middle. This triggers a false positive when testing with
valgrind.

When the inline protocol args count is 0, we now avoid reallocating
c->argv, preventing the issue to happen.

RDB EOF detection was relying on the final part of the RDB transfer to
be a magic 40 bytes EOF marker. However as the slave is put online
immediately, and because of sockets timeouts, the replication stream is
actually contiguous with the RDB file.

This means that to detect the EOF correctly we should either:

1) Scan all the stream searching for the mark. Sucks CPU-wise.
2) Start to send the replication stream only after an acknowledge.
3) Implement a proper chunked encoding.

For now solution "2" was picked, so the master does not start to send
ASAP the stream of commands in the case of diskless replication. We wait
for the first REPLCONF ACK command from the slave, that certifies us
that the slave correctly loaded the RDB file and is ready to get more
data.

During the replication full resynchronization process, the RDB file is
transfered from the master to the slave. However there is a short
preamble to send, that is currently just the bulk payload length of the
file in the usual Redis form $..length..<CR><LF>.

This preamble used to be sent with a direct write call, assuming that
there was alway room in the socket output buffer to hold the few bytes
needed, however this does not scale in case we'll need to send more
stuff, and is not very robust code in general.

This commit introduces a more general mechanism to send a preamble up to
2GB in size (the max length of an sds string) in a non blocking way.

Closes #2002

The code tested many times if a client had active Pub/Sub subscriptions
by checking the length of a list and dictionary where the patterns and
channels are stored. This was substituted with a client flag called
REDIS_PUBSUB that is simpler to test for. Moreover in order to manage
this flag some code was refactored.

This commit is believed to have no effects in the behavior of the
server.

Technically the problem is due to the client type API that does not
return a special value for the master, however fixing it locally in the
CLIENT KILL command is better currently because otherwise we would
introduce a new output buffer limit class as a side effect.

Added a new SKIPME option that is true by default, that prevents the
client sending the command to be killed, unless SKIPME NO is sent.

This will be used by CLIENT KILL and is also a good way to ensure a
given client is still the same across CLIENT LIST calls.

The output of CLIENT LIST was modified to include the new ID, but this
change is considered to be backward compatible as the API does not imply
you can do positional parsing, since each filed as a different name.

Because of output buffer limits Redis internals had this idea of type of
clients: normal, pubsub, slave. It is possible to set different output
buffer limits for the three kinds of clients.

However all the macros and API were named after output buffer limit
classes, while the idea of a client type is a generic one that can be
reused.

This commit does two things:

1) Rename the API and defines with more general names.
2) Change the class of clients executing the MONITOR command from "slave"
   to "normal".

"2" is a good idea because you want to have very special settings for
slaves, that are not a good idea for MONITOR clients that are instead
normal clients even if they are conceptually slave-alike (since it is a
push protocol).

The backward-compatibility breakage resulting from "2" is considered to
be minimal to care, since MONITOR is a debugging command, and because
anyway this change is not going to break the format or the behavior, but
just when a connection is closed on big output buffer issues.

This commit adds peer ID caching in the client structure plus an API
change and the use of sdsMakeRoomFor() in order to improve the
reallocation pattern to generate the CLIENT LIST output.

Both the changes account for a very significant speedup.

When we are blocked and a few events a processed from time to time, it
is smarter to call the event handler a few times in order to handle the
accept, read, write, close cycle of a client in a single pass, otherwise
there is too much latency added for clients to receive a reply while the
server is busy in some way (for example during the DB loading).

When the listening sockets readable event is fired, we have the chance
to accept multiple clients instead of accepting a single one. This makes
Redis more responsive when there is a mass-connect event (for example
after the server startup), and in workloads where a connect-disconnect
pattern is used often, so that multiple clients are waiting to be
accepted continuously.

As a side effect, this commit makes the LOADING, BUSY, and similar
errors much faster to deliver to the client, making Redis more
responsive when there is to return errors to inform the clients that the
server is blocked in an not interruptible operation.

When we set a protocol error we should return with REDIS_ERR to let the
caller know it should stop processing the client.

Bug found in a code auditing related to issue #1699.

anetTcpAccept returns ANET_ERR, not AE_ERR.

This isn't a physical error since both ANET_ERR
and AE_ERR are -1, but better to be consistent.

Starting with Redis 2.8 masters are able to detect timed out slaves,
while before 2.8 only slaves were able to detect a timed out master.

Now that timeout detection is bi-directional the following problem
happens as described "in the field" by issue #1449:

1) Master and slave setup with big dataset.
2) Slave performs the first synchronization, or a full sync
   after a failed partial resync.
3) Master sends the RDB payload to the slave.
4) Slave loads this payload.
5) Master detects the slave as timed out since does not receive back the
   REPLCONF ACK acknowledges.

Here the problem is that the master has no way to know how much the
slave will take to load the RDB file in memory. The obvious solution is
to use a greater replication timeout setting, but this is a shame since
for the 0.1% of operation time we are forced to use a timeout that is
not what is suited for 99.9% of operation time.

This commit tries to fix this problem with a solution that is a bit of
an hack, but that modifies little of the replication internals, in order
to be back ported to 2.8 safely.

During the RDB loading time, we send the master newlines to avoid
being sensed as timed out. This is the same that the master already does
while saving the RDB file to still signal its presence to the slave.

The single newline is used because:

1) It can't desync the protocol, as it is only transmitted all or
nothing.
2) It can be safely sent while we don't have a client structure for the
master or in similar situations just with write(2).

Since we started sending REPLCONF ACK from slaves to masters, the
lastinteraction field of the client structure is always refreshed as
soon as there is room in the socket output buffer, so masters in timeout
are detected with too much delay (the socket buffer takes a lot of time
to be filled by small REPLCONF ACK <number> entries).

This commit only counts data received as interactions with a master,
solving the issue.

The call to sdsMakeRoomFor() did not accounted for the amount of data
already present in the query buffer, resulting into over-allocation.

Actaully the string is modified in-place and a reallocation is never
needed, so there is no need to return the new sds string pointer as
return value of the function, that is now just "void".