A few people have written custom C commands because bit
manipulation isn't exposed through Lua.  Let's give
them Mike Pall's bitop.

This adds bitop 1.0.2 (2012-05-08) from http://bitop.luajit.org/

bitop is imported as "bit" into the global namespace.

New Lua commands: bit.tobit, bit.tohex, bit.bnot, bit.band, bit.bor, bit.bxor,
bit.lshift, bit.rshift, bit.arshift, bit.rol, bit.ror, bit.bswap

Verification of working (the asserts would abort on error, so (nil) is correct):
127.0.0.1:6379> eval "assert(bit.tobit(1) == 1); assert(bit.band(1) == 1); assert(bit.bxor(1,2) == 3); assert(bit.bor(1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128) == 255)" 0
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> eval 'assert(0x7fffffff == 2147483647, "broken hex literals"); assert(0xffffffff == -1 or 0xffffffff == 2^32-1, "broken hex literals"); assert(tostring(-1) == "-1", "broken tostring()"); assert(tostring(0xffffffff) == "-1" or tostring(0xffffffff) == "4294967295", "broken tostring()")' 0
(nil)

Tests also integrated into the scripting tests and can be run with:
./runtest --single unit/scripting

Tests are excerpted from `bittest.lua` included in the bitop distribution.

Negative key count causes segfault in Lua functions.

Fixes #1842
Closes #1843

Lua scripts are executed in the context of the currently selected
database (as selected by the caller of the script).

However Lua scripts are also free to use the SELECT command in order to
affect other DBs. When SELECT is called frm Lua, the old behavior, before
this commit, was to automatically set the Lua caller selected DB to the
last DB selected by Lua. See for example the following sequence of
commands:

    SELECT 0
    SET x 10
    EVAL "redis.call('select','1')" 0
    SET x 20

Before this commit after the execution of this sequence of commands,
we'll have x=10 in DB 0, and x=20 in DB 1.

Because of the problem above, there was a bug affecting replication of
Lua scripts, because of the actual implementation of replication. It was
possible to fix the implementation of Lua scripts in order to fix the
issue, but looking closely, the bug is the consequence of the behavior
of Lua ability to set the caller's DB.

Under the old semantics, a script selecting a different DB, has no simple
ways to restore the state and select back the previously selected DB.
Moreover the script auhtor must remember that the restore is needed,
otherwise the new commands executed by the caller, will be executed in
the context of a different DB.

So this commit fixes both the replication issue, and this hard-to-use
semantics, by removing the ability of Lua, after the script execution,
to force the caller to switch to the DB selected by the Lua script.

The new behavior of the previous sequence of commadns is to just set
X=20 in DB 0. However Lua scripts are still capable of writing / reading
from different DBs if needed.

WARNING: This is a semantical change that will break programs that are
conceived to select the client selected DB via Lua scripts.

This fixes issue #1811.

The new check-for-number behavior of Lua arguments broke
users who use large strings of just integers.

The Lua number check would convert the string to a number, but
that breaks user data because
Lua numbers have limited precision compared to an arbitrarily
precise number wrapped in a string.

Regression fixed and new test added.

Fixes #1118 again.

SPOP, tested in the new test, is among the commands rewritng the
client->argv argument vector (it gets rewritten as SREM) for command
replication purposes.

Because of recent optimizations to client->argv caching in the context
of the Lua internal Redis client, it is important to test for SPOP to be
callable from Lua without bad effects to the other commands.

It was verified that reverting the commit that fixes the bug, the test
no longer passes.

Conflicts fixed, mainly because 2.8 has no cluster support / files:
	00-RELEASENOTES
	src/cluster.c
	src/crc16.c
	src/redis-trib.rb
	src/redis.h

EVALSHA used to crash if the SHA1 was not lowercase (Issue #783).
Fixed using a case insensitive dictionary type for the sha -> script
map used for replication of scripts.

When calling SCRIPT KILL currently you can get two errors:

* No script in timeout (busy) state.
* The script already performed a write.

It is useful to be able to distinguish the two errors, but right now both
start with "ERR" prefix, so string matching (that is fragile) must be used.

This commit introduces two different prefixes.

-NOTBUSY and -UNKILLABLE respectively to reply with an error when no
script is busy at the moment, and when the script already executed a
write operation and can not be killed.

This reverts commit e061d797.

Conflicts:

	src/scripting.c

Lua arrays can't contain nil elements (see
http://www.lua.org/pil/19.1.html for more information), so Lua scripts
were not able to return a multi-bulk reply containing nil bulk
elements inside.

This commit introduces a special conversion: a table with just
a "nilbulk" field set to a boolean value is converted by Redis as a nil
bulk reply, but at the same time for Lua this type is not a "nil" so can
be used inside Lua arrays.

This type is also assigned to redis.NIL, so the following two forms
are equivalent and will be able to return a nil bulk reply as second
element of a three elements array:

    EVAL "return {1,redis.NIL,3}" 0
    EVAL "return {1,{nilbulk=true},3}" 0

The result in redis-cli will be:

    1) (integer) 1
    2) (nil)
    3) (integer) 3

Redis provides support for blocking operations such as BLPOP or BRPOP.
This operations are identical to normal LPOP and RPOP operations as long
as there are elements in the target list, but if the list is empty they
block waiting for new data to arrive to the list.

All the clients blocked waiting for th same list are served in a FIFO
way, so the first that blocked is the first to be served when there is
more data pushed by another client into the list.

The previous implementation of blocking operations was conceived to
serve clients in the context of push operations. For for instance:

1) There is a client "A" blocked on list "foo".
2) The client "B" performs `LPUSH foo somevalue`.
3) The client "A" is served in the context of the "B" LPUSH,
synchronously.

Processing things in a synchronous way was useful as if "A" pushes a
value that is served by "B", from the point of view of the database is a
NOP (no operation) thing, that is, nothing is replicated, nothing is
written in the AOF file, and so forth.

However later we implemented two things:

1) Variadic LPUSH that could add multiple values to a list in the
context of a single call.
2) BRPOPLPUSH that was a version of BRPOP that also provided a "PUSH"
side effect when receiving data.

This forced us to make the synchronous implementation more complex. If
client "B" is waiting for data, and "A" pushes three elemnents in a
single call, we needed to propagate an LPUSH with a missing argument
in the AOF and replication link. We also needed to make sure to
replicate the LPUSH side of BRPOPLPUSH, but only if in turn did not
happened to serve another blocking client into another list ;)

This were complex but with a few of mutually recursive functions
everything worked as expected... until one day we introduced scripting
in Redis.

Scripting + synchronous blocking operations = Issue #614.

Basically you can't "rewrite" a script to have just a partial effect on
the replicas and AOF file if the script happened to serve a few blocked
clients.

The solution to all this problems, implemented by this commit, is to
change the way we serve blocked clients. Instead of serving the blocked
clients synchronously, in the context of the command performing the PUSH
operation, it is now an asynchronous and iterative process:

1) If a key that has clients blocked waiting for data is the subject of
a list push operation, We simply mark keys as "ready" and put it into a
queue.
2) Every command pushing stuff on lists, as a variadic LPUSH, a script,
or whatever it is, is replicated verbatim without any rewriting.
3) Every time a Redis command, a MULTI/EXEC block, or a script,
completed its execution, we run the list of keys ready to serve blocked
clients (as more data arrived), and process this list serving the
blocked clients.
4) As a result of "3" maybe more keys are ready again for other clients
(as a result of BRPOPLPUSH we may have push operations), so we iterate
back to step "3" if it's needed.

The new code has a much simpler semantics, and a simpler to understand
implementation, with the disadvantage of not being able to "optmize out"
a PUSH+BPOP as a No OP.

This commit will be tested with care before the final merge, more tests
will be added likely.

SORT is able to return (faster than when ordering) unordered output if
the "BY" clause is used with a constant value. However we try to play
well with scripting requirements of determinism providing always sorted
outputs when SORT (and other similar commands) are called by Lua
scripts.

However we used the general mechanism in place in scripting in order to
reorder SORT output, that is, if the command has the "S" flag set, the
Lua scripting engine will take an additional step when converting a
multi bulk reply to Lua value, calling a Lua sorting function.

This is suboptimal as we can do it faster inside SORT itself.
This is also broken as issue #545 shows us: basically when SORT is used
with a constant BY, and additionally also GET is used, the Lua scripting
engine was trying to order the output as a flat array, while it was
actually a list of key-value pairs.

What we do know is to recognized if the caller of SORT is the Lua client
(since we can check this using the REDIS_LUA_CLIENT flag). If so, and if
a "don't sort" condition is triggered by the BY option with a constant
string, we force the lexicographical sorting.

This commit fixes this bug and improves the performance, and at the same
time simplifies the implementation. This does not mean I'm smart today,
it means I was stupid when I committed the original implementation ;)

Redis used to crash with a call like the following:

    EVAL "redis.call()" 0

Now the explicit check for at least one argument prevents the problem.

This commit fixes issue #655.

wait_for_condition is now used instead of the usual "after 1000" (that
is the way to sleep in Tcl). This should avoid to find the replica in
a state where it is loading the RDB in memory, returning -LOADING error.

This test used to fail when running the test over valgrind, due to the
added latencies.

A new primitive wait_for_condition was introduced in the scripting
engine that makes waiting for events simpler, so that it is simpler to
write tests that are more resistant to timing issues.

Added tests checking ability of the scripting engine to reorder the output of commands with a random output regarding signle elements position in the multi bulk reply.

Redis.call is now split into two variants of the same function. Redis.call will raise an error by default. Redis.pcall will return the error object instead.