There is a sysfs file which allows bits in the write-intent
bitmap to be explicit set - indicating that the block is thought
to be 'dirty'.
When this happens we should really set recovery_cp backwards
to include the block to reflect this dirtiness.

In particular, a 'resync' process will refuse to start if
recovery_cp is beyond the end of the array, so this is needed
to allow a resync to be triggered.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

In this case, the metadata needs to not be in the same
sector as the bitmap.
md will not read/write any bitmap metadata.  Config must be
done via sysfs and when a recovery makes the array non-degraded
again, writing 'true' to 'bitmap/can_clear' will allow bits in
the bitmap to be cleared again.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Setting daemon_lastrun really has nothing to do with reading
the bitmap superblock, it just happens to be needed at the same time.
bitmap_read_sb is about to become options, so move that code out
to after the call to bitmap_read_sb.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

A new attribute directory 'bitmap' in 'md' is created which
contains files for configuring the bitmap.
'location' identifies where the bitmap is, either 'none',
or 'file' or 'sector offset from metadata'.
Writing 'location' can create or remove a bitmap.
Adding a 'file' bitmap this way is not yet supported.
'chunksize' and 'time_base' must be set before 'location'
can be set.

'chunksize' can be set before creating a bitmap, but is
currently always over-ridden by the bitmap superblock.

'time_base' and 'backlog' can be updated at any time.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: NAndre Noll <maan@systemlinux.org>

For md arrays were metadata is managed externally, the kernel does not
know about a superblock so the superblock offset is 0.
If we want to have a write-intent-bitmap near the end of the
devices of such an array, we should support sector_t sized offset.
We need offset be possibly negative for when the bitmap is before
the metadata, so use loff_t instead.

Also add sanity check that bitmap does not overlap with data.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

As bitmap_create and bitmap_destroy already set thread->timeout
as appropriate, there is no need to do it in raid10_quiesce.
There is a possible need to wake the thread after the timeout
has been set low, but it is better to do that where the timeout
is actually set low, in bitmap_create.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

This removes a lot of multiplications by HZ.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

... and into bitmap_info.  These are all configuration parameters
that need to be set before the bitmap is created.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

In preparation for making bitmap fields configurable via sysfs,
start tidying up by making a single structure to contain the
configuration fields.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

A write intent bitmap can be removed from an array while the
array is active.
When this happens, all IO is suspended and flushed before the
bitmap is removed.
However it is possible that bitmap_daemon_work is still running to
clear old bits from the bitmap.  If it is, it can dereference the
bitmap after it has been freed.

So introduce a new mutex to protect bitmap_daemon_work and get it
before destroying a bitmap.

This is suitable for any current -stable kernel.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org

and replace with vfs_fsync which is much neater (but wasn't exported,
or even in existence at the time the code was written).

Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

There was a real error here on a failure path where we
incorrectly call rcu_read_unlock.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

The code for checking which bits in the bitmap can be cleared
has 2 problems:
 1/ it repeatedly takes and drops a spinlock, where it would make
    more sense to just hold on to it most of the time.
 2/ it doesn't make use of some opportunities to skip large sections
    of the bitmap

This patch fixes those.  It will only affect CPU consumption, not
correctness.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Until now we have had a 1:1 mapping between storage device physical
block size and the logical block sized used when addressing the device.
With SATA 4KB drives coming out that will no longer be the case.  The
sector size will be 4KB but the logical block size will remain
512-bytes.  Hence we need to distinguish between the physical block size
and the logical ditto.

This patch renames hardsect_size to logical_block_size.
Signed-off-by: NMartin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

If a write intent bitmap covers more than 2TB, we sometimes work with
values beyond 32bit, so these need to be sector_t.  This patches
add the required casts to some unsigned longs that are being shifted
up.

This will affect any raid10 larger than 2TB, or any raid1/4/5/6 with
member devices that are larger than 2TB.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Reported-by: N"Mario 'BitKoenig' Holbe" <Mario.Holbe@TU-Ilmenau.DE>
Cc: stable@kernel.org

When md is loading a bitmap which it knows is out of date, it fills
each page with 1s and writes it back out again.  However the
write_page call makes used of bitmap->file_pages and
bitmap->last_page_size which haven't been set correctly yet.  So this
can sometimes fail.

Move the setting of file_pages and last_page_size to before the call
to write_page.

This bug can cause the assembly on an array to fail, thus making the
data inaccessible.  Hence I think it is a suitable candidate for
-stable.

Cc: stable@kernel.org
Reported-by: NVojtech Pavlik <vojtech@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

.. and other arrays with components larger than 2 terabytes.

We use a "long" rather than a "sector_t" in part of the bitmap
size calculations, which is sad.
Reported-by: N"Mario 'BitKoenig' Holbe" <Mario.Holbe@TU-Ilmenau.DE>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

The sync_completed file reports how much of a resync (or recovery or
reshape) has been completed.
However due to the possibility of out-of-order completion of writes,
it is not certain to be accurate.

We have an internal value - mddev->curr_resync_completed - which is an
accurate value (though it might not always be quite so uptodate).

So:
 - make curr_resync_completed be uptodate a little more often,
   particularly when raid5 reshape updates status in the metadata
 - report curr_resync_completed in the sysfs file
 - allow poll/select to report all updates to md/sync_completed.

This makes sync_completed completed usable by any external metadata
handler that wants to record this status information in its metadata.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

This patch renames the "size" field of struct mddev_s to "dev_sectors"
and stores the number of 512-byte sectors instead of the number of
1K-blocks in it.

All users of that field, including raid levels 1,4-6,10, are adjusted
accordingly. This simplifies the code a bit because it allows to get
rid of a couple of divisions/multiplications by two.

In order to make checkpatch happy, some minor coding style issues
have also been addressed. In particular, size_store() now uses
strict_strtoull() instead of simple_strtoull().
Signed-off-by: NAndre Noll <maan@systemlinux.org>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Version 1.x metadata has the ability to record the status of a
partially completed drive recovery.
However we only update that record on a clean shutdown.
It would be nice to update it on unclean shutdowns too, particularly
when using a bitmap that removes much to the 'sync' effort after an
unclean shutdown.

One complication with checkpointing recovery is that we only know
where we are up to in terms of IO requests started, not which ones
have completed.  And we need to know what has completed to record
how much is recovered.  So occasionally pause the recovery until all
submitted requests are completed, then update the record of where
we are up to.

When we have a bitmap, we already do that pause occasionally to keep
the bitmap up-to-date.  So enhance that code to record the recovery
offset and schedule a superblock update.
And when there is no bitmap, just pause 16 times during the resync to
do a checkpoint.
'16' is a fairly arbitrary number.  But we don't really have any good
way to judge how often is acceptable, and it seems like a reasonable
number for now.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

It really is nicer to keep related code together..
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

This makes the includes more explicit, and is preparation for moving
md_k.h to drivers/md/md.h

Remove include/raid/md.h as its only remaining use was to #include
other files.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Move the headers with the local structures for the disciplines and
bitmap.h into drivers/md/ so that they are more easily grepable for
hacking and not far away.  md.h is left where it is for now as there
are some uses from the outside.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

When we add some spares to an array and start recovery, and we have
a bitmap which is stored 'internally' on all devices, we call
bitmap_write_all to make sure the bitmap is correct on the new
device(s).
However that doesn't work as write_sb_page only writes to
'In_sync' devices, and devices undergoing recovery are not
'In_sync' until recovery finishes.

So extend write_sb_page (actually next_active_rdev) to include devices
that are under recovery.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

It is safe to clear a bit from the write-intent bitmap for a raid1
if we know the data has been written to all devices, which is
what the current test does.

But it is not always safe to update the 'events_cleared' counter in
that case.  This is because one request could complete successfully
after some other request has partially failed.

So simply disable the clearing and updating of events_cleared whenever
the array is degraded.  This might end up not clearing some bits that
could safely be cleared, but it is safest approach.

Note that the bug fixed here did not risk corrupting data by letting
the array get out-of-sync.  Rather it meant that when a device is
removed and re-added to the array, it might incorrectly require a full
recovery rather than just recovering based on the bitmap.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

md currently insists that the chunk size used for write-intent
bitmaps (the amount of data that corresponds to one chunk)
be at least one page.

The reason for this restriction is lost in the mists of time,
but a review of the code (and a vague memory) suggests that the only
problem would be related to resync.  Resync tries very hard to
work in multiples of a page, but also needs to sync with units
of a bitmap_chunk too.

This connection comes out in the bitmap_start_sync call.

So change bitmap_start_sync to always work in multiples of a page.
If the bitmap chunk size is less that one page, we flag multiple
chunks as 'syncing' and generally make them all appear to the
resync routines like one chunk.

All other code either already works with data ranges that could
span multiple chunks, or explicitly only cares about a single chunk.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>

The rdev_for_each macro defined in <linux/raid/md_k.h> is identical to
list_for_each_entry_safe, from <linux/list.h>, it should be defined to
use list_for_each_entry_safe, instead of reinventing the wheel.

But some calls to each_entry_safe don't really need a safe version,
just a direct list_for_each_entry is enough, this could save a temp
variable (tmp) in every function that used rdev_for_each.

In this patch, most rdev_for_each loops are replaced by list_for_each_entry,
totally save many tmp vars; and only in the other situations that will call
list_del to delete an entry, the safe version is used.
Signed-off-by: NCheng Renquan <crquan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

commit a2ed9615
fixed a bug with 'internal' bitmaps, but in the process broke
'in a file' bitmaps.  So they are broken in 2.6.28

This fixes it, and needs to go in 2.6.28-stable.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org

When we read the write-intent-bitmap off the device, we currently
read a whole number of pages.
When PAGE_SIZE is 4K, this works due to the alignment we enforce
on the superblock and bitmap.
When PAGE_SIZE is 64K, this case read past the end-of-device
which causes an error.

When we write the superblock, we ensure to clip the last page
to just be the required size.  Copy that code into the read path
to just read the required number of sectors.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org

A recent patch to protect the rdev list with rcu locking leaves us
with a problem because we can sleep on memalloc while holding the
rcu lock.

The rcu lock is only needed while walking the linked list as
uninteresting devices (failed or spares) can be removed at any time.

So only take the rcu lock while actually walking the linked list.
Take a refcount on the rdev during the time when we drop the lock
and do the memalloc to start IO.
When we return to the locked code, all the interesting devices
on the list will not have moved, so we can simply use
list_for_each_continue_rcu to pick up where we left off.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

It doesn't hold the queue lock, so it's both racey on the queue flags
and thus spews a warning.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

All modifications and most access to the mddev->disks list are made
under the reconfig_mutex lock.  However there are three places where
the list is walked without any locking.  If a reconfig happens at this
time, havoc (and oops) can ensue.

So use RCU to protect these accesses:
  - wrap them in rcu_read_{,un}lock()
  - use list_for_each_entry_rcu
  - add to the list with list_add_rcu
  - delete from the list with list_del_rcu
  - delay the 'free' with call_rcu rather than schedule_work

Note that export_rdev did a list_del_init on this list.  In almost all
cases the entry was not in the list anymore so it was a no-op and so
safe.  It is no longer safe as after list_del_rcu we may not touch
the list_head.
An audit shows that export_rdev is called:
  - after unbind_rdev_from_array, in which case the delete has
     already been done,
  - after bind_rdev_to_array fails, in which case the delete isn't needed.
  - before the device has been put on a list at all (e.g. in
      add_new_disk where reading the superblock fails).
  - and in autorun devices after a failure when the device is on a
      different list.

So remove the list_del_init call from export_rdev, and add it back
immediately before the called to export_rdev for that last case.

Note also that ->same_set is sometimes used for lists other than
mddev->list (e.g. candidates).  In these cases rcu is not needed.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Rename it to sb_start to make sure all users have been converted.
Signed-off-by: NAndre Noll <maan@systemlinux.org>
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>

When an array is degraded, bits in the write-intent bitmap are not
cleared, so that if the missing device is re-added, it can be synced
by only updated those parts of the device that have changed since
it was removed.

The enable this a 'events_cleared' value is stored. It is the event
counter for the array the last time that any bits were cleared.

Sometimes - if a device disappears from an array while it is 'clean' -
the events_cleared value gets updated incorrectly (there are subtle
ordering issues between updateing events in the main metadata and the
bitmap metadata) resulting in the missing device appearing to require
a full resync when it is re-added.

With this patch, we update events_cleared precisely when we are about
to clear a bit in the bitmap.  We record events_cleared when we clear
the bit internally, and copy that to the superblock which is written
out before the bit on storage.  This makes it more "obviously correct".

We also need to update events_cleared when the event_count is going
backwards (as happens on a dirty->clean transition of a non-degraded
array).

Thanks to Mike Snitzer for identifying this problem and testing early
"fixes".

Cc:  "Mike Snitzer" <snitzer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>

Kill the trivial and rather pointless file_path wrapper around d_path.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Recent patch titled
  Reduce CPU wastage on idle md array with a write-intent bitmap.

would sometimes leave the array with dirty bitmap bits that stay dirty.  A
subsequent write would sort things out so it isn't a big problem, but should
be fixed nonetheless.

We need to make sure that when the bitmap becomes not "allclean", the
daemon_sleep really does get set to a sensible value.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

On an md array with a write-intent bitmap, a thread wakes up every few seconds
and scans the bitmap looking for work to do.  If the array is idle, there will
be no work to do, but a lot of scanning is done to discover this.

So cache the fact that the bitmap is completely clean, and avoid scanning the
whole bitmap when the cache is known to be clean.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

d_path() is used on a <dentry,vfsmount> pair.  Lets use a struct path to
reflect this.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build in mm/memory.c]
Signed-off-by: NJan Blunck <jblunck@suse.de>
Acked-by: NBryan Wu <bryan.wu@analog.com>
Acked-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@fieldses.org>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

As this is more in line with common practice in the kernel.  Also swap the
args around to be more like list_for_each.
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently an md array with a write-intent bitmap does not updated that bitmap
to reflect successful partial resync.  Rather the entire bitmap is updated
when the resync completes.

This is because there is no guarentee that resync requests will complete in
order, and tracking each request individually is unnecessarily burdensome.

However there is value in regularly updating the bitmap, so add code to
periodically pause while all pending sync requests complete, then update the
bitmap.  Doing this only every few seconds (the same as the bitmap update
time) does not notciably affect resync performance.

[snitzer@gmail.com: export bitmap_cond_end_sync]
Signed-off-by: NNeil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: "Mike Snitzer" <snitzer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>