In mke2fs, we only checksum the whole bitmap block and it is right.
While in the kernel, we use EXT4_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP to indicate the
size of the checksumed bitmap which is wrong when we enable bigalloc.
The right size should be EXT4_CLUSTERS_PER_GROUP and this patch fixes
it.

Also as every caller of ext4_block_bitmap_csum_set and
ext4_block_bitmap_csum_verify pass in EXT4_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb)/8,
we'd better removes this parameter and sets it in the function itself.
Signed-off-by: NTao Ma <boyu.mt@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: NLukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

The result of the bit shift expression in
'1 << sbi->s_log_groups_per_flex' can be undefined in the case that
s_log_groups_per_flex is 31 because the result of the shift is bigger
than INT_MAX. In reality this probably should not cause much problems
since we'll end up with INT_MIN which will then be converted into
'unsigned int' type, but nevertheless according to the ISO C99 the
result is actually undefined.

Fix this by changing the left operand to 'unsigned int' type.

Note that the commit d50f2ab6 already
tried to fix the undefined behaviour, but this was missed.

Thanks to Laszlo Ersek for pointing this out and suggesting the fix.
Signed-off-by: NLukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: NCarlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com>
Reported-by: NLaszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>

The function ext4_handle_dirty_super() was calculating the superblock
on the wrong block data.  As a result, when the superblock is modified
while it is mounted (most commonly, when inodes are added or removed
from the orphan list), the superblock checksum would be wrong.  We
didn't notice because the superblock *was* being correctly calculated
in ext4_commit_super(), and this would get called when the file system
was unmounted.  So the problem only became obvious if the system
crashed while the file system was mounted.

Fix this by removing the poorly designed function signature for
ext4_superblock_csum_set(); if it only took a single argument, the
pointer to a struct superblock, the ambiguity which caused this
mistake would have been impossible.
Reported-by: NGeorge Spelvin <linux@horizon.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

We assumed that at the time we call ext4_convert_unwritten_extents_endio()
extent in question is fully inside [map.m_lblk, map->m_len] because
it was already split during submission.  But this may not be true due to
a race between writeback vs fallocate.

If extent in question is larger than requested we will split it again.
Special precautions should being done if zeroout required because
[map.m_lblk, map->m_len] already contains valid data.
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

Fallocate should wait for pended ext4_convert_unwritten_extents()
otherwise following race may happen:

ftruncate( ,12288);
fallocate( ,0, 4096)
io_sibmit( ,0, 4096); /* Write to fallocated area, split extent if needed */
fallocate( ,0, 8192); /* Grow extent and broke assumption about extent */

Later kwork completion will do:
 ->ext4_convert_unwritten_extents (0, 4096)
   ->ext4_map_blocks(handle, inode, &map, EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_IO_CONVERT_EXT);
    ->ext4_ext_map_blocks() /* Will find new extent:  ex = [0,2] !!!!!! */
      ->ext4_ext_handle_uninitialized_extents()
        ->ext4_convert_unwritten_extents_endio()
        /* convert [0,2] extent to initialized, but only[0,1] was written */
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

BUG #1) All places where we call ext4_flush_completed_IO are broken
    because buffered io and DIO/AIO goes through three stages
    1) submitted io,
    2) completed io (in i_completed_io_list) conversion pended
    3) finished  io (conversion done)
    And by calling ext4_flush_completed_IO we will flush only
    requests which were in (2) stage, which is wrong because:
     1) punch_hole and truncate _must_ wait for all outstanding unwritten io
      regardless to it's state.
     2) fsync and nolock_dio_read should also wait because there is
        a time window between end_page_writeback() and ext4_add_complete_io()
        As result integrity fsync is broken in case of buffered write
        to fallocated region:
        fsync                                      blkdev_completion
	 ->filemap_write_and_wait_range
                                                   ->ext4_end_bio
                                                     ->end_page_writeback
          <-- filemap_write_and_wait_range return
	 ->ext4_flush_completed_IO
   	 sees empty i_completed_io_list but pended
   	 conversion still exist
                                                     ->ext4_add_complete_io

BUG #2) Race window becomes wider due to the 'ext4: completed_io
locking cleanup V4' patch series

This patch make following changes:
1) ext4_flush_completed_io() now first try to flush completed io and when
   wait for any outstanding unwritten io via ext4_unwritten_wait()
2) Rename function to more appropriate name.
3) Assert that all callers of ext4_flush_unwritten_io should hold i_mutex to
   prevent endless wait
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

Commits 5e8830dc and 41c4d25f introduced a regression into
v3.6-rc1 for ext4 in nodealloc mode, such that mtime updates would not
take place for files modified via mmap if the page was already in the
page cache.  This would also affect ext3 file systems mounted using
the ext4 file system driver.

The problem was that ext4_page_mkwrite() had a shortcut which would
avoid calling __block_page_mkwrite() under some circumstances, and the
above two commit transferred the responsibility of calling
file_update_time() to __block_page_mkwrite --- which woudln't get
called in some circumstances.

Since __block_page_mkwrite() only has three callers,
block_page_mkwrite(), ext4_page_mkwrite, and nilfs_page_mkwrite(), the
best way to solve this is to move the responsibility for calling
file_update_time() to its caller.

This problem was found via xfstests #215 with a file system mounted
with -o nodelalloc.
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: KONISHI Ryusuke <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

Inode is allowed to have empty leaf only if it this is blockless inode.
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

punch_hole is the place where we have to wait for all existing writers
(writeback, aio, dio), but currently we simply flush pended end_io request
which is not sufficient. Other issue is that punch_hole performed w/o i_mutex
held which obviously result in dangerous data corruption due to
write-after-free.

This patch performs following changes:
- Guard punch_hole with i_mutex
- Recheck inode flags under i_mutex
- Block all new dio readers in order to prevent information leak caused by
  read-after-free pattern.
- punch_hole now wait for all writers in flight
  NOTE: XXX write-after-free race is still possible because new dirty pages
  may appear due to mmap(), and currently there is no easy way to stop
  writeback while punch_hole is in progress.

[ Fixed error return from ext4_ext_punch_hole() to make sure that we
  release i_mutex before returning EPERM or ETXTBUSY -- Ted ]
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Jan Kara have spotted interesting issue:
There are  potential data corruption issue with  direct IO overwrites
racing with truncate:
 Like:
  dio write                      truncate_task
  ->ext4_ext_direct_IO
   ->overwrite == 1
    ->down_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_data_sem);
    ->mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
                               ->ext4_setattr()
                                ->inode_dio_wait()
                                ->truncate_setsize()
                                ->ext4_truncate()
                                 ->down_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_data_sem);
    ->__blockdev_direct_IO
     ->ext4_get_block
     ->submit_io()
    ->up_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_data_sem);
                                 # truncate data blocks, allocate them to
                                 # other inode - bad stuff happens because
                                 # dio is still in flight.

In order to serialize with truncate dio worker should grab extra i_dio_count
reference before drop i_mutex.
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

If we have enough aggressive DIO readers, truncate and other dio
waiters will wait forever inside inode_dio_wait(). It is reasonable
to disable nonlock DIO read optimization during truncate.
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Current serialization will works only for DIO which holds
i_mutex, but nonlocked DIO following race is possible:

dio_nolock_read_task            truncate_task
				->ext4_setattr()
				 ->inode_dio_wait()
->ext4_ext_direct_IO
  ->ext4_ind_direct_IO
    ->__blockdev_direct_IO
      ->ext4_get_block
				 ->truncate_setsize()
				 ->ext4_truncate()
				 #alloc truncated blocks
				 #to other inode
      ->submit_io()
     #INFORMATION LEAK

In order to serialize with unlocked DIO reads we have to
rearrange wait sequence
1) update i_size first
2) if i_size about to be reduced wait for outstanding DIO requests
3) and only after that truncate inode blocks
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Inode's block defrag and ext4_change_inode_journal_flag() may
affect nonlocked DIO reads result, so proper synchronization
required.

- Add missed inode_dio_wait() calls where appropriate
- Check inode state under extra i_dio_count reference.
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Current unwritten extent conversion state-machine is very fuzzy.
- For unknown reason it performs conversion under i_mutex. What for?
  My diagnosis:
  We already protect extent tree with i_data_sem, truncate and punch_hole
  should wait for DIO, so the only data we have to protect is end_io->flags
  modification, but only flush_completed_IO and end_io_work modified this
  flags and we can serialize them via i_completed_io_lock.

  Currently all these games with mutex_trylock result in the following deadlock
   truncate:                          kworker:
    ext4_setattr                       ext4_end_io_work
    mutex_lock(i_mutex)
    inode_dio_wait(inode)  ->BLOCK
                             DEADLOCK<- mutex_trylock()
                                        inode_dio_done()
  #TEST_CASE1_BEGIN
  MNT=/mnt_scrach
  unlink $MNT/file
  fallocate -l $((1024*1024*1024)) $MNT/file
  aio-stress -I 100000 -O -s 100m -n -t 1 -c 10 -o 2 -o 3 $MNT/file
  sleep 2
  truncate -s 0 $MNT/file
  #TEST_CASE1_END

Or use 286's xfstests https://github.com/dmonakhov/xfstests/blob/devel/286

This patch makes state machine simple and clean:

(1) xxx_end_io schedule final extent conversion simply by calling
    ext4_add_complete_io(), which append it to ei->i_completed_io_list
    NOTE1: because of (2A) work should be queued only if
    ->i_completed_io_list was empty, otherwise the work is scheduled already.

(2) ext4_flush_completed_IO is responsible for handling all pending
    end_io from ei->i_completed_io_list
    Flushing sequence consists of following stages:
    A) LOCKED: Atomically drain completed_io_list to local_list
    B) Perform extents conversion
    C) LOCKED: move converted io's to to_free list for final deletion
       	     This logic depends on context which we was called from.
    D) Final end_io context destruction
    NOTE1: i_mutex is no longer required because end_io->flags modification
    is protected by ei->ext4_complete_io_lock

Full list of changes:
- Move all completion end_io related routines to page-io.c in order to improve
  logic locality
- Move open coded logic from various xx_end_xx routines to ext4_add_complete_io()
- remove EXT4_IO_END_FSYNC
- Improve SMP scalability by removing useless i_mutex which does not
  protect io->flags anymore.
- Reduce lock contention on i_completed_io_lock by optimizing list walk.
- Rename ext4_end_io_nolock to end4_end_io and make it static
- Check flush completion status to ext4_ext_punch_hole(). Because it is
  not good idea to punch blocks from corrupted inode.

Changes since V3 (in request to Jan's comments):
  Fall back to active flush_completed_IO() approach in order to prevent
  performance issues with nolocked DIO reads.
Changes since V2:
  Fix use-after-free caused by race truncate vs end_io_work
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

ext4_set_io_unwritten_flag() will increment i_unwritten counter, so
once we mark end_io with EXT4_END_IO_UNWRITTEN we have to revert it back
on error path.

 - add missed error checks to prevent counter leakage
 - ext4_end_io_nolock() will clear EXT4_END_IO_UNWRITTEN flag to signal
   that conversion finished.
 - add BUG_ON to ext4_free_end_io() to prevent similar leakage in future.

Visible effect of this bug is that unaligned aio_stress may deadlock
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

AIO/DIO prefix is wrong because it account unwritten extents which
also may be scheduled from buffered write endio
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Generic inode has unused i_private pointer which may be used as cur_aio_dio
storage.

TODO: If cur_aio_dio will be passed as an argument to get_block_t this allow
      to have concurent AIO_DIO requests.
Reviewed-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Convert cpu_to_leXX(leXX_to_cpu(E1) + E2) to use leXX_add_cpu().

dpatch engine is used to auto generate this patch.
(https://github.com/weiyj/dpatch)
Signed-off-by: NWei Yongjun <yongjun_wei@trendmicro.com.cn>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

When ext4_bread() returns NULL and err is set to zero, this means
there is no phyical block mapped to the specified logical block
number.  (Previous to commit 90b0a973, err was uninitialized in this
case, which caused other problems.)

The directory handling routines use ext4_bread() in many places, the
fact that ext4_bread() now returns NULL with err set to zero could
cause problems since a number of these functions will simply return
the value of err if the result of ext4_bread() was the NULL pointer,
causing the caller of the function to think that the function was
successful.

Since directories should never contain holes, this case can only
happen if the file system is corrupted.  This commit audits all of the
callers of ext4_bread(), and makes sure they do the right thing if a
hole in a directory is found by ext4_bread().

Some ext4_bread() callers did not need any changes either because they
already had its own hole detector paths.
Signed-off-by: NCarlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

As discussed at the Plumber's Conference, reserve the bit 0x04 in
fallocate() to prevent collisions with a commonly used out-of-tree
patch which implements the no-hide-stale feature.
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

In the check code above, if orig_start != donor_start, we would
return -EINVAL. So here, orig_start should be equal with donor_start.
Remove the redundant check here.
Signed-off-by: NWang Sheng-Hui <shhuiw@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

If the file system contains errors and it is being mounted read-only,
don't clear the orphan list.  We should minimize changes to the file
system if it is mounted read-only.
Signed-off-by: NEric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

ext4 users of data=journal mode with blocksize < pagesize were
occasionally hitting assertion failure in
jbd2_journal_commit_transaction() checking whether the transaction has
at least as many credits reserved as buffers attached.  The core of the
problem is that when a file gets truncated, buffers that still need
checkpointing or that are attached to the committing transaction are
left with buffer_mapped set. When this happens to buffers beyond i_size
attached to a page stradding i_size, subsequent write extending the file
will see these buffers and as they are mapped (but underlying blocks
were freed) things go awry from here.

The assertion failure just coincidentally (and in this case luckily as
we would start corrupting filesystem) triggers due to journal_head not
being properly cleaned up as well.

We fix the problem by unmapping buffers if possible (in lots of cases we
just need a buffer attached to a transaction as a place holder but it
must not be written out anyway).  And in one case, we just have to bite
the bullet and wait for transaction commit to finish.

CC: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fusionio.com>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

When the EXT4_IOC_MOVE_EXT ioctl() fails on bigalloc file systems, we
should jump to the 'mext_out' label to release the donor file reference.
Signed-off-by: NDjalal Harouni <tixxdz@opendz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

With a minor tweaks regarding minimum extent size to discard and
discarded bytes reporting the FITRIM can be enabled on bigalloc file
system and it works without any problem.

This patch fixes minlen handling and discarded bytes reporting to
take into consideration bigalloc enabled file systems and finally
removes the restriction and allow FITRIM to be used on file system with
bigalloc feature enabled.
Reviewed-by: NCarlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NLukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Code tracking when transaction needs to be committed on fdatasync(2) forgets
to handle a situation when only inode's i_size is changed. Thus in such
situations fdatasync(2) doesn't force transaction with new i_size to disk
and that can result in wrong i_size after a crash.

Fix the issue by updating inode's i_datasync_tid whenever its size is
updated.

CC: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # >= 2.6.32
Reported-by: NKristian Nielsen <knielsen@knielsen-hq.org>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

ext4_special_inode_operations have their own ifdef CONFIG_EXT4_FS_XATTR
to mask those methods. And ext4_iget also always sets it, so there is
an inconsistency.
Signed-off-by: NBernd Schubert <bernd.schubert@itwm.fraunhofer.de>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

Remove unused function ext4_ext_check_cache() and merge the code back to
the ext4_ext_in_cache().
Reviewed-by: NCarlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NLukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Using kmem_cache_zalloc() instead of kmem_cache_alloc() and memset().

spatch with a semantic match is used to found this problem.
(http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/)
Signed-off-by: NWei Yongjun <yongjun_wei@trendmicro.com.cn>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Uninitialized extent may became initialized(parallel writeback task)
at any moment after we drop i_data_sem, so we have to recheck extent's
state after we hold page's lock and i_data_sem.

If we about to change page's mapping we must hold page's lock in order to
serialize other users.
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Non-full list of bugs:
1) uninitialized extent optimization does not hold page's lock,
   and simply replace brunches after that writeback code goes
   crazy because block mapping changed under it's feets
   kernel BUG at fs/ext4/inode.c:1434!  ( 288'th xfstress)

2) uninitialized extent may became initialized right after we
   drop i_data_sem, so extent state must be rechecked

3) Locked pages goes uptodate via following sequence:
   ->readpage(page); lock_page(page); use_that_page(page)
   But after readpage() one may invalidate it because it is
   uptodate and unlocked (reclaimer does that)
   As result kernel bug at include/linux/buffer_head.c:133!

4) We call write_begin() with already opened stansaction which
   result in following deadlock:
->move_extent_per_page()
  ->ext4_journal_start()-> hold journal transaction
  ->write_begin()
    ->ext4_da_write_begin()
      ->ext4_nonda_switch()
        ->writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle()  --> will wait for journal_stop()

5) try_to_release_page() may fail and it does fail if one of page's bh was
   pinned by journal

6) If we about to change page's mapping we MUST hold it's lock during entire
   remapping procedure, this is true for both pages(original and donor one)

Fixes:

- Avoid (1) and (2) simply by temproraly drop uninitialized extent handling
  optimization, this will be reimplemented later.

- Fix (3) by manually forcing page to uptodate state w/o dropping it's lock

- Fix (4) by rearranging existing locking:
  from: journal_start(); ->write_begin
  to: write_begin(); journal_extend()
- Fix (5) simply by checking retvalue
- Fix (6) by locking both (original and donor one) pages during extent swap
  with help of mext_page_double_lock()
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Proper block swap for inodes with full journaling enabled is
truly non obvious task. In order to be on a safe side let's
explicitly disable it for now.
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

- Remove usless checks, because it is too late to check that inode != NULL
  at the moment it was referenced several times.
- Double lock routines looks very ugly and locking ordering relays on
  order of i_ino, but other kernel code rely on order of pointers.
  Let's make them simple and clean.
- check that inodes belongs to the same SB as soon as possible.
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

When performing an online resize, we add a bunch of groups at one time
in ext4_flex_group_add, so in most cases a lot of group descriptors
will be in the same group block. But in the end of this function,
update_backups will be called for every group descriptor and the same
block will be copied and journalled again and again.  It is really a
waste.

Fix things so we only update a particular bg descriptor block once and
skip subsequent updates of the same block.
Signed-off-by: NTao Ma <boyu.mt@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

bh_submit_read() is responsible for unlock bh on endio.  In addition,
we need to use bh_uptodate_or_lock() to avoid races.
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Recently, I ecountered some corrupted filesystems in which some
groups' free inode counts were 65535, it seemed that free inode
count was overflow.  This patch teaches ext4 to check free inode
count before allocaing an inode.
Signed-off-by: NYongqiang Yang <xiaoqiangnk@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Free block counters should be checked before doing allocation.
Signed-off-by: NYongqiang Yang <xiaoqiangnk@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

The crash was caused by a variable being erronously declared static in
token2str().

In addition to /proc/mounts, the problem can also be easily replicated
by accessing /proc/fs/ext4/<partition>/options in parallel:

$ cat /proc/fs/ext4/<partition>/options > options.txt

... and then running the following command in two different terminals:

$ while diff /proc/fs/ext4/<partition>/options options.txt; do true; done

This is also the cause of the following a crash while running xfstests
#234, as reported in the following bug reports:

	https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1053019
	https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=47731Signed-off-by: NHerton Ronaldo Krzesinski <herton.krzesinski@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Brad Figg <brad.figg@canonical.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

The update_backups() function is used to backup all the metadata
blocks, so we should not take it for granted that 'data' is pointed to
a super block and use ext4_superblock_csum_set to calculate the
checksum there.  In case where the data is a group descriptor block,
it will corrupt the last group descriptor, and then e2fsck will
complain about it it.

As all the metadata checksums should already be OK when we do the
backup, remove the wrong ext4_superblock_csum_set and it should be
just fine.
Reported-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: NTao Ma <boyu.mt@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

In ext4_nonda_switch(), if the file system is getting full we used to
call writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle().  The problem is that we can be
holding i_mutex already, and this causes a potential deadlock when
writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle() when it tries to take s_umount.  (See
lockdep output below).

As it turns out we don't need need to hold s_umount; the fact that we
are in the middle of the write(2) system call will keep the superblock
pinned.  Unfortunately writeback_inodes_sb() checks to make sure
s_umount is taken, and the VFS uses a different mechanism for making
sure the file system doesn't get unmounted out from under us.  The
simplest way of dealing with this is to just simply grab s_umount
using a trylock, and skip kicking the writeback flusher thread in the
very unlikely case that we can't take a read lock on s_umount without
blocking.

Also, we now check the cirteria for kicking the writeback thread
before we decide to whether to fall back to non-delayed writeback, so
if there are any outstanding delayed allocation writes, we try to get
them resolved as soon as possible.

   [ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ]
   3.6.0-rc1-00042-gce894ca #367 Not tainted
   -------------------------------------------------------
   dd/8298 is trying to acquire lock:
    (&type->s_umount_key#18){++++..}, at: [<c02277d4>] writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle+0x28/0x46

   but task is already holding lock:
    (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#8){+.+...}, at: [<c01ddcce>] generic_file_aio_write+0x5f/0xd3

   which lock already depends on the new lock.

   2 locks held by dd/8298:
    #0:  (sb_writers#2){.+.+.+}, at: [<c01ddcc5>] generic_file_aio_write+0x56/0xd3
    #1:  (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#8){+.+...}, at: [<c01ddcce>] generic_file_aio_write+0x5f/0xd3

   stack backtrace:
   Pid: 8298, comm: dd Not tainted 3.6.0-rc1-00042-gce894ca #367
   Call Trace:
    [<c015b79c>] ? console_unlock+0x345/0x372
    [<c06d62a1>] print_circular_bug+0x190/0x19d
    [<c019906c>] __lock_acquire+0x86d/0xb6c
    [<c01999db>] ? mark_held_locks+0x5c/0x7b
    [<c0199724>] lock_acquire+0x66/0xb9
    [<c02277d4>] ? writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle+0x28/0x46
    [<c06db935>] down_read+0x28/0x58
    [<c02277d4>] ? writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle+0x28/0x46
    [<c02277d4>] writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle+0x28/0x46
    [<c026f3b2>] ext4_nonda_switch+0xe1/0xf4
    [<c0271ece>] ext4_da_write_begin+0x27/0x193
    [<c01dcdb0>] generic_file_buffered_write+0xc8/0x1bb
    [<c01ddc47>] __generic_file_aio_write+0x1dd/0x205
    [<c01ddce7>] generic_file_aio_write+0x78/0xd3
    [<c026d336>] ext4_file_write+0x480/0x4a6
    [<c0198c1d>] ? __lock_acquire+0x41e/0xb6c
    [<c0180944>] ? sched_clock_cpu+0x11a/0x13e
    [<c01967e9>] ? trace_hardirqs_off+0xb/0xd
    [<c018099f>] ? local_clock+0x37/0x4e
    [<c0209f2c>] do_sync_write+0x67/0x9d
    [<c0209ec5>] ? wait_on_retry_sync_kiocb+0x44/0x44
    [<c020a7b9>] vfs_write+0x7b/0xe6
    [<c020a9a6>] sys_write+0x3b/0x64
    [<c06dd4bd>] syscall_call+0x7/0xb
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org