Currently swapfiles are managed entirely by the core VM by using ->bmap to
allocate space and write to the blocks directly.  This effectively ensures
that the underlying blocks are allocated and avoids the need for the swap
subsystem to locate what physical blocks store offsets within a file.

If the swap subsystem is to use the filesystem information to locate the
blocks, it is critical that information such as block groups, block
bitmaps and the block descriptor table that map the swap file were
resident in memory.  This patch adds address_space_operations that the VM
can call when activating or deactivating swap backed by a file.

  int swap_activate(struct file *);
  int swap_deactivate(struct file *);

The ->swap_activate() method is used to communicate to the file that the
VM relies on it, and the address_space should take adequate measures such
as reserving space in the underlying device, reserving memory for mempools
and pinning information such as the block descriptor table in memory.  The
->swap_deactivate() method is called on sys_swapoff() if ->swap_activate()
returned success.

After a successful swapfile ->swap_activate, the swapfile is marked
SWP_FILE and swapper_space.a_ops will proxy to
sis->swap_file->f_mappings->a_ops using ->direct_io to write swapcache
pages and ->readpage to read.

It is perfectly possible that direct_IO be used to read the swap pages but
it is an unnecessary complication.  Similarly, it is possible that
->writepage be used instead of direct_io to write the pages but filesystem
developers have stated that calling writepage from the VM is undesirable
for a variety of reasons and using direct_IO opens up the possibility of
writing back batches of swap pages in the future.

[a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: Original patch]
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <sebastian@breakpoint.cc>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: NWanpeng Li <liwp.linux@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Sanity:

CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR -> CONFIG_MEMCG
CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP -> CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP
CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_SWAP_ENABLED -> CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP_ENABLED
CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR_KMEM -> CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM

[mhocko@suse.cz: fix missed bits]
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The number of ptes and swap entries are used in the oom killer's badness
heuristic, so they should be shown in the tasklist dump.

This patch adds those fields and replaces cpu and oom_adj values that are
currently emitted.  Cpu isn't interesting and oom_adj is deprecated and
will be removed later this year, the same information is already displayed
as oom_score_adj which is used internally.

At the same time, make the documentation a little more clear to state this
information is helpful to determine why the oom killer chose the task it
did to kill.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: NAneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Since per-BDI flusher threads were introduced in 2.6, the pdflush
mechanism is not used any more.  But the old interface exported through
/proc/sys/vm/nr_pdflush_threads still exists and is obviously useless.

For back-compatibility, printk warning information and return 2 to notify
the users that the interface is removed.
Signed-off-by: NWanpeng Li <liwp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Fix of the documentation of /proc/sys/vm/page-cluster to match the
behavior of the code and add some comments about what the tunable will
change in that behavior.
Signed-off-by: NChristian Ehrhardt <ehrhardt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NJens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Reviewed-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: NAlex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>

VFIO is a secure user level driver for use with both virtual machines
and user level drivers.  VFIO makes use of IOMMU groups to ensure the
isolation of devices in use, allowing unprivileged user access.  It's
intended that VFIO will replace KVM device assignment and UIO drivers
(in cases where the target platform includes a sufficiently capable
IOMMU).

New in this version of VFIO is support for IOMMU groups managed
through the IOMMU core as well as a rework of the API, removing the
group merge interface.  We now go back to a model more similar to
original VFIO with UIOMMU support where the file descriptor obtained
from /dev/vfio/vfio allows access to the IOMMU, but only after a
group is added, avoiding the previous privilege issues with this type
of model.  IOMMU support is also now fully modular as IOMMUs have
vastly different interface requirements on different platforms.  VFIO
users are able to query and initialize the IOMMU model of their
choice.

Please see the follow-on Documentation commit for further description
and usage example.
Signed-off-by: NAlex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: NMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>

Forwarded-by: NGerd Hoffmann <kraxel@bytesex.org>
Signed-off-by: NMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>

This adds tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh to run a command while
injecting slab/page allocation failures via fault injection.

Example:

Run a command "make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests" with
injecting slab allocation failure.

	# ./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh \
		-- make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests

Same as above except to specify 100 times failures at most instead of
one time at most by default.

	# ./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh --times=100 \
		-- make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests

Same as above except to inject page allocation failure instead of slab
allocation failure.

	# env FAILCMD_TYPE=fail_page_alloc \
		./tools/testing/fault-injection/failcmd.sh --times=100 \
		-- make -C tools/testing/selftests/ run_tests
Signed-off-by: NAkinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patchset provides kernel modules that can be used to test the error
handling of notifier call chain failures by injecting artifical errors to
the following notifier chain callbacks.

 * CPU notifier
 * PM notifier
 * memory hotplug notifier
 * powerpc pSeries reconfig notifier

Example: Inject CPU offline error (-1 == -EPERM)

  # cd /sys/kernel/debug/notifier-error-inject/cpu
  # echo -1 > actions/CPU_DOWN_PREPARE/error
  # echo 0 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/online
  bash: echo: write error: Operation not permitted

The patchset also adds cpu and memory hotplug tests to
tools/testing/selftests These tests first do simple online and offline
test and then do fault injection tests if notifier error injection
module is available.

This patch:

The notifier error injection provides the ability to inject artifical
errors to specified notifier chain callbacks.  It is useful to test the
error handling of notifier call chain failures.

This adds common basic functions to define which type of events can be
fail and to initialize the debugfs interface to control what error code
should be returned and which event should be failed.
Signed-off-by: NAkinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

There are many places in the kernel where the drivers print small buffers
as a hex string.  This patch adds a support of the variable width buffer
to print it as a hex string with a delimiter.  The idea came from Pavel
Roskin here: http://www.digipedia.pl/usenet/thread/18835/17449/

Sample output of
	pr_info("buf[%d:%d] %*phC\n", from, len, len, &buf[from]);
could be look like this:
	[ 0.726130] buf[51:8] e8:16:b6:ef:e3:74:45:6e
	[ 0.750736] buf[59:15] 31:81:b8:3f:35:49:06:ae:df:32:06:05:4a:af:55
	[ 0.757602] buf[17:5] ac:16:d5:2c:ef
Signed-off-by: NAndy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Bluetooth uses mostly LE byte order which is reversed for visual
interpretation.  Currently in Bluetooth in use unsafe batostr function.

This is a slightly modified version of Joe's patch (sent Sat, Dec 4,
2010).
Signed-off-by: NAndrei Emeltchenko <andrei.emeltchenko@intel.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When the suid_dumpable sysctl is set to "2", and there is no core dump
pipe defined in the core_pattern sysctl, a local user can cause core files
to be written to root-writable directories, potentially with
user-controlled content.

This means an admin can unknowningly reintroduce a variation of
CVE-2006-2451, allowing local users to gain root privileges.

  $ cat /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable
  2
  $ cat /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern
  core
  $ ulimit -c unlimited
  $ cd /
  $ ls -l core
  ls: cannot access core: No such file or directory
  $ touch core
  touch: cannot touch `core': Permission denied
  $ OHAI="evil-string-here" ping localhost >/dev/null 2>&1 &
  $ pid=$!
  $ sleep 1
  $ kill -SEGV $pid
  $ ls -l core
  -rw------- 1 root kees 458752 Jun 21 11:35 core
  $ sudo strings core | grep evil
  OHAI=evil-string-here

While cron has been fixed to abort reading a file when there is any
parse error, there are still other sensitive directories that will read
any file present and skip unparsable lines.

Instead of introducing a suid_dumpable=3 mode and breaking all users of
mode 2, this only disables the unsafe portion of mode 2 (writing to disk
via relative path).  Most users of mode 2 (e.g.  Chrome OS) already use
a core dump pipe handler, so this change will not break them.  For the
situations where a pipe handler is not defined but mode 2 is still
active, crash dumps will only be written to fully qualified paths.  If a
relative path is defined (e.g.  the default "core" pattern), dump
attempts will trigger a printk yelling about the lack of a fully
qualified path.
Signed-off-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Doug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch simply adds a newline character at end-of-file to those
files in Documentation/ that currently lack one.

This is done for a few different reasons:

A) It's rather annoying when you do "cat some_file.txt" that your
   prompt/cursor ends up at the end of the last line of output rather
   than on a new line.

B) Some tools that process files line-by-line may get confused by the
   lack of a newline on the last line.

C) The "\ No newline at end of file" line in diffs annoys me for some
   reason.

So, let's just add the missing newline once and for all.
Signed-off-by: NJesper Juhl <jj@chaosbits.net>
Signed-off-by: NMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: NNicolas Thery <nicolas.thery@st.com>
Signed-off-by: NMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>

To allow apps to limit a hw-freq-seek to a specific band, for further
info see the documentation this patch adds for these new fields.
Signed-off-by: NHans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: NHans Verkuil <hans.verkuil@cisco.com>
Signed-off-by: NMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: NNicolas Thery <nicolas.thery@st.com>
Signed-off-by: NMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>

This patch fixes the DV_TIMINGS_CAP documentation: part of it was copy-and-paste from
the ENUM_DV_TIMINGS documentation.

Regards,

	Hans
Signed-off-by: NHans Verkuil <hans.verkuil@cisco.com>
Signed-off-by: NMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>

Identifying a memory-to-memory video device through an ORed output and
capture capability flags is not reliable. Schedule this for removal.
Signed-off-by: NSylwester Nawrocki <s.nawrocki@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: NKyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: NMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>

This patch adds new V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_M2M and V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_M2M_MPLANE
capability flags that are intended to be used for memory-to-memory (M2M)
devices, instead of ORed V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE and V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OUTPUT.

V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_M2M flag is added at the drivers, CAPTURE and OUTPUT
capability flags are left untouched and will be removed in future,
after a transition period required for existing applications to be
adapted to check only for V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_M2M.
Signed-off-by: NSylwester Nawrocki <s.nawrocki@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: NKyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Acked-by: NKamil Debski <k.debski@samsung.com>
Acked-by: NAndrzej Pietrasiewicz <andrzej.p@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: NMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>

After IP route cache removal, rt_cache_rebuild_count is no longer
used.
Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

And document V4L2_CID_AUTOBRIGHTNESS.
Signed-off-by: NHans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>

Add an entry under /sys/bus/rbd/devices/<N>/ named "pool_id" that
provides the id for the pool the rbd image is assocatied with.  This
is in addition to the pool name already provided.

Rename the "poolid" field in struct rbd_device  to be "pool_id".

Update the documentation to reflect the addition of this new entry.
Signed-off-by: NAlex Elder <elder@inktank.com>
Reviewed-by: NJosh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>

This patch adds DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC attribute to the DMA-mapping
subsystem.

By default dma_map_{single,page,sg} functions family transfer a given
buffer from CPU domain to device domain. Some advanced use cases might
require sharing a buffer between more than one device. This requires
having a mapping created separately for each device and is usually
performed by calling dma_map_{single,page,sg} function more than once
for the given buffer with device pointer to each device taking part in
the buffer sharing. The first call transfers a buffer from 'CPU' domain
to 'device' domain, what synchronizes CPU caches for the given region
(usually it means that the cache has been flushed or invalidated
depending on the dma direction). However, next calls to
dma_map_{single,page,sg}() for other devices will perform exactly the
same sychronization operation on the CPU cache. CPU cache sychronization
might be a time consuming operation, especially if the buffers are
large, so it is highly recommended to avoid it if possible.
DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC allows platform code to skip synchronization of
the CPU cache for the given buffer assuming that it has been already
transferred to 'device' domain. This attribute can be also used for
dma_unmap_{single,page,sg} functions family to force buffer to stay in
device domain after releasing a mapping for it. Use this attribute with
care!
Signed-off-by: NMarek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: NKyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>

This patch adds DMA_ATTR_NO_KERNEL_MAPPING attribute which lets the
platform to avoid creating a kernel virtual mapping for the allocated
buffer. On some architectures creating such mapping is non-trivial task
and consumes very limited resources (like kernel virtual address space
or dma consistent address space). Buffers allocated with this attribute
can be only passed to user space by calling dma_mmap_attrs().
Signed-off-by: NMarek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: NKyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: NDaniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>

This patch changes dma-mapping subsystem to use generic vmalloc areas
for all consistent dma allocations. This increases the total size limit
of the consistent allocations and removes platform hacks and a lot of
duplicated code.

Atomic allocations are served from special pool preallocated on boot,
because vmalloc areas cannot be reliably created in atomic context.
Signed-off-by: NMarek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: NKyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>

According to the ASUS WMI spec., to enable resume on lid open should
use the device ID(0x00120032), but it doesn't work indeed.

After discussing with ASUS' BIOS engineer, they say wake on lid open
doesn't have a uniq device ID(0x00120032) in the BIOS. It shares the same
device ID with deep S3(0x00120031), and the deep S3(resume on lid open)
is disable by default.

Adding this option in asus wmi sysfs
   /sys/devices/platform/<platform>/lid_resume
so that userspace apps can enable/disable this feature by themselves.
Signed-off-by: NAceLan Kao <acelan.kao@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: NCorentin Chary <corentin.chary@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NMatthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com>

Add read-only and fail-io modes to thin provisioning.

If a transaction commit fails the pool's metadata device will transition
to "read-only" mode.  If a commit fails once already in read-only mode
the transition to "fail-io" mode occurs.

Once in fail-io mode the pool and all associated thin devices will
report a status of "Fail".
Signed-off-by: NJoe Thornber <ejt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

Support non-power-of-2 chunk sizes with dm striping for proper alignment
of stripe IO on storage that has non-power-of-2 optimal IO sizes (e.g.
RAID6 10+2).
Signed-off-by: NMike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

dm-stripe is supposed to ensure that all the space allocated to the
stripes is fully used and that all stripes are the same size.  This
patch fixes the test.  It checks that device length is divisible by the
chunk size and checks that the resulting quotient is divisible by the
number of stripes (which is equivalent to testing if device length is
divisible by chunk_size * stripes).

Previously, the code only tested that the number of sectors in the target
was divisible by each of the chunk size and the number of stripes
separately, which could leave entire stripes unused.

(A setup that genuinely needs some stripes to be shorter than others
can be created by concatenating striped targets.)
Signed-off-by: NMikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>

This patch adds a "compatible" string for the new 8250 UART type PORT_LPC3220.
This is necessary for initializing LPC32xx UARTs via DT.
Signed-off-by: NRoland Stigge <stigge@antcom.de>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

It has been decided to use marvell, not mrvl, in the compatibility
property. Search & replace.
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch>

This is a driver for the EDT "Polytouch" family of touch controllers
based on the FocalTech FT5x06 line of chips.
Signed-off-by: NSimon Budig <simon.budig@kernelconcepts.de>
Reviewed-by: NHenrik Rydberg <rydberg@euromail.se>
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com>

With commit 6503e5df,
the value of /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zoneX/mode has been changed
from user/kernel to enabled/disabled.
Update the documentation so that users won't be confused.
Signed-off-by: NZhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

The Linux Thermal Framework does not support hysteresis
attributes. Most thermal sensors, today, have a
hysteresis value associated with trip points.

This patch adds hysteresis attributes on a per-trip-point
basis, to the Thermal Framework. These attributes are
optionally writable.
Signed-off-by: NDurgadoss R <durgadoss.r@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NZhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Some of the thermal drivers using the Generic Thermal Framework
require (all/some) trip points to be writeable. This patch makes
the trip point temperatures writeable on a per-trip point basis,
and modifies the required function call in thermal.c. This patch
also updates the Documentation to reflect the new change.
Signed-off-by: NDurgadoss R <durgadoss.r@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NZhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>