[GSoC] New universal intrinsic backend for RVV

* Add new rvv backend (partially implemented).

* Modify the framework of Universal Intrinsic.

* Add CV_SIMD macro guards to current UI code.

* Use vlanes() instead of nlanes.

* Modify the UI test.

* Enable the new RVV (scalable) backend.

* Remove whitespace.

* Rename and some others modify.

* Update intrin.hpp but still not work on AVX/SSE

* Update conditional compilation macros.

* Use static variable for vlanes.

* Use max_nlanes for array defining.

Fixes and optimizations for the SQPnP solver

* Fixes and optimizations

- optimized the calculation of qa_sum by moving equal elements outside the loop
- unrolled copying of the lower triangle of omega
- substituted SVD with eigendecomposition in the factorization of omega (2-3 times faster)
- fixed the initialization of lambda in FOAM
- added a cheirality test that checks a solution on all 3D points rather than on their mean. The old test rejected valid poses in some cases
- fixed some typos & errors in comments

* reverted to SVD

Eigen decomposition seems to yield larger errors in certain tests, reverted to SVD

* nearestRotationMatrixSVD

Added nearestRotationMatrixSVD()
Previous nearestRotationMatrix() renamed to nearestRotationMatrixFOAM() and reverts to nearestRotationMatrixSVD() for singular matrices

* fixed checks order

Fixed the order of checks in PoseSolver::solveInternal()

* Fix warnings for clang15

* Fix warnings: Remove unnecessary code

* Fix warnings: Remove unnecessary code

Add undistortImagePoints function

* Add undistortImagePoints function
undistortPoints has unclear interface and additional functionality. New function computes only undistorted image points position

* Add undistortImagePoints test

* Add TermCriteria

* Fix layout

* Add termination criteria to cv::fisheye::undistortPoints()

* Add criteria.type check

* Use c++ namespaces explicitly

* Add root cv c++ namespace

Fix intrinsics processing in case USAC parameters

* fixed USAC intrinsics processing

* change mat to matx33d, added test

resolves #21038

* remove C assert

* revert C header

* fix several points in review

* fix test_ds.cpp

Error was "Input parameters must be a matrices!", but "matrices" is plural and doesn't allow the unspecific article "a".

Recover pose from different cameras (version 2)

* add recoverPose for two different cameras

* Address review comments from original PR

* Address new review comments

* Rename private api
Co-authored-by: Ntompollok <tom.pollok@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: NZane <zane.huang@mail.utoronto.ca>

AArch64 semihosting

* [ts] Disable filesystem support in the TS module.

Because of this change, all the tests loading data will file, but tat
least the core module can be tested with the following line:

    opencv_test_core --gtest_filter=-"*Core_InputOutput*:*Core_globbing.accuracy*"

* [aarch64] Build OpenCV for AArch64 semihosting.

This patch provide a toolchain file that allows to build the library
for semihosting applications [1]. Minimal changes have been applied to
the code to be able to compile with a baremetal toolchain.

[1] https://developer.arm.com/documentation/100863/latest

The option `CV_SEMIHOSTING` is used to guard the bits in the code that
are specific to the target.

To build the code:

    cmake ../opencv/ \
        -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../opencv/platforms/semihosting/aarch64-semihosting.toolchain.cmake \
        -DSEMIHOSTING_TOOLCHAIN_PATH=/path/to/baremetal-toolchain/bin/ \
        -DBUILD_EXAMPLES=ON -GNinja

A barematel toolchain for targeting aarch64 semihosting can be found
at [2], under `aarch64-none-elf`.

[2] https://developer.arm.com/tools-and-software/open-source-software/developer-tools/gnu-toolchain/gnu-a/downloads

The folder `samples/semihosting` provides two example semihosting
applications.

The two binaries can be executed on the host platform with:

    qemu-aarch64 ./bin/example_semihosting_histogram
    qemu-aarch64 ./bin/example_semihosting_norm

Similarly, the test and perf executables of the modules can be run
with:

    qemu-aarch64 ./bin/opecv_[test|perf]_<module>

Notice that filesystem support is disabled by the toolchain file,
hence some of the test that depend on filesystem support will fail.

* [semihosting] Remove blank like at the end of file. [NFC]

The spurious blankline was reported by
https://pullrequest.opencv.org/buildbot/builders/precommit_docs/builds/31158.

* [semihosting] Make the raw pixel file generation OS independent.

Use the facilities provided by Cmake to generate the header file
instead of a shell script, so that the build doesn't fail on systems
that do not have a unix shell.

* [semihosting] Rename variable for semihosting compilation.

* [semihosting] Move the cmake configuration to a variable file.

* [semihosting] Make the guard macro private for the core module.

* [semihosting] Remove space. [NFC]

* [semihosting] Improve comment with information about semihosting. [NFC]

* [semihosting] Update license statement on top of sourvce file. [NFC]

* [semihosting] Replace BM_SUFFIX with SEMIHOSTING_SUFFIX. [NFC]

* [semihosting] Remove double space. [NFC]

* [semihosting] Add some text output to the sample applications.

* [semihosting] Remove duplicate entry in cmake configuration. [NFCI]

* [semihosting] Replace `long` with `int` in sample apps. [NFCI]

* [semihosting] Use `configure_file` to create the random pixels. [NFCI]

* [semihosting][bugfix] Fix name of cmakedefine variable.

* [semihosting][samples] Use CV_8UC1 for grayscale images. [NFCI]

* [semihosting] Add readme file.

* [semihosting] Remove blank like at the end of README. [NFC]

This fixes the failure at
https://pullrequest.opencv.org/buildbot/builders/precommit_docs/builds/31272.

There are several operator= overloads and some compilers can be confused.

Update to initInverseRectificationMap()

* update to initInverseRectificationMap() documentation

* Restructured Calib3d_InitInverseRectificationMap unit test per feedback from alalek

* whitespace

Fixed trailing whitespace

Update to initInverseRectificationMap documentation for clarity

Added test case for initInverseRectificationMap()
Updated documentation.

Fixed whitespace error in docs

Small update to test function
Now passes success_error_level

final update to inverseRectification documentation

* fix inliers in solvePnPRansac

* fix inliers in test_usac

* fix inliers in test_usac

Lets the user choose the maximum number of iterations the robust
estimator runs for, similary to findFundamentalMat
and findHomography functions.

This commit passes the parameter maxIters that represent
the maximum number of iterations, that can be passed to findFundamentalMat
to the method LMeDS.

This parameter were added to the function findFundamentalMat and
were passed just for the RANSAC method, but should be passed to
both methods to be consistent.

* fix unexpected Exception in solvePnPRansac caused by input points

* calib3d: solvePnPRansac - keep minimal changes to handle DLT 6 points requirement
Co-authored-by: NAlexander Alekhin <alexander.a.alekhin@gmail.com>

    To improve preformence it is better to init the params (StereoSGBMParams) in the
    initialization list.

Init params (StereoBMParams) in StereoBMImpl constructor initialization list

* Init StereoBMImpl in initialization list

To improve preformence it is better to init the params (StereoBMImpl) in the
initialization list.

* coding style

* drop useless copy/move ctor
Co-authored-by: NAlexander Alekhin <alexander.a.alekhin@gmail.com>

Local objects optimization in calibration init

* use emplace_back

* use {} initilization

* remove a tailing white space

* Update polynom_solver.cpp

This pull request is in the response to Issue  #19526. I have fixed the problem with the cube root calculation of 2*R. The Issue was in the usage of pow function with negative values of R, but if it is calculated for only positive values of R then changing x0 according to the parity of R, the Issue is resolved. Kindly consider it, Thanks!

* add cv::cubeRoot(double)
Co-authored-by: NAlexander Alekhin <alexander.a.alekhin@gmail.com>

* Added CALIB_FIX_FOCAL_LENGTH to fisheye calibration #13450

Sometimes you want to calibrate just the principal point of a camera, or just the distortion coefficients. In this case, you can pass the CALIB_FIX_FOCAL_LENGTH flag to keep Fx and Fy

* Added test for CALIB_FIX_FOCAL_LENGTH option in fisheye callinration.

calib3d(usac): do not crash on empty models

* calib3d(test): regression test for issue 19639

* calib3d(usac): do not crash in setModelParameters()

* calib3d(usac): handle empty models in isModelGood()

* Properly handle empty centers in findCirclesGrid

* Address alalek comments. Add unit test to validate bugfix

* fix build warnings, remove unrelated comment

- detect case with infinite loop and raise NoConv exception
- handle such exception
- add support for case with missing `blobDetector` (image contains Point2f array of candidates)
- add regression test
- undone rectification for "failed" detections too
- drop redirectError() usage

Added SQPnP algorithm to SolvePnP

* Added sqpnp

* Fixed test case

* Added fix for duplicate point checking and inverse func reuse

* Changes for 3x speedup

Changed norm method (significant speed increase), changed nearest rotation computation to FOAM

* Added symmetric 3x3 inverse and unrolled loops

* Fixed error with SVD

* Fixed error from with indices

Indices were initialized negative. When nullspace is large, points coplanar, and rotation near 0, indices not changed.

* update new RANSAC

* fix warning

* change gamma values table

* resolve conflict

* resolve conflict

* GammaValues as singleton