New p3p algorithm (accepted by CVPR 2017) (#8301)

* add p3p source code

* indent 4

* update publication info

* fix filename

* interface done

* plug in done, test needed

* debugging

* for test

* a working version

* clean p3p code

* test

* test

* fix warning, blank line

* apply patch from @catree

* add reference info

* namespace, indent 4

* static solveQuartic

* put small functions to anonymous namespace

 - check boundary strictly
 - initialize the variable before using it

- Fix StereoBM ROI (Region of interest) selection for stereo
images used by block matching algorithm

The docstring for one of the Python sample programs includes a link to the research paper describing the main algorithm. That link is no longer valid (results in a 404 error) so this update replaces it with another link from the same institution which is currently valid.

- more aggressive cache for files under CMAKE_BINARY_CACHE
  * don't re-read files MD5
  * don't repack archives
- add support for ENV{OPENCV_DOWNLOAD_PATH}
- added ID parameter as project/group identifier
- non-flat .cache directory (based on ID)
- download message prefix based on ID
- more detailed logging via ocv_download_log() macro
- force .gitignore file for .cache folder (with '*' pattern)