提交 416eaf2a 编写于 作者: V Vadim Pisarevsky 提交者: OpenCV Buildbot

Merge pull request #896 from jet47:removed-vibe-master

Background Subtraction
======================
.. highlight:: cpp
gpu::VIBE_GPU
-------------
.. ocv:class:: gpu::VIBE_GPU
Class used for background/foreground segmentation. ::
class VIBE_GPU
{
public:
explicit VIBE_GPU(unsigned long rngSeed = 1234567);
void initialize(const GpuMat& firstFrame, Stream& stream = Stream::Null());
void operator()(const GpuMat& frame, GpuMat& fgmask, Stream& stream = Stream::Null());
void release();
...
};
The class discriminates between foreground and background pixels by building and maintaining a model of the background. Any pixel which does not fit this model is then deemed to be foreground. The class implements algorithm described in [VIBE2011]_.
gpu::VIBE_GPU::VIBE_GPU
-----------------------
The constructor.
.. ocv:function:: gpu::VIBE_GPU::VIBE_GPU(unsigned long rngSeed = 1234567)
:param rngSeed: Value used to initiate a random sequence.
Default constructor sets all parameters to default values.
gpu::VIBE_GPU::initialize
-------------------------
Initialize background model and allocates all inner buffers.
.. ocv:function:: void gpu::VIBE_GPU::initialize(const GpuMat& firstFrame, Stream& stream = Stream::Null())
:param firstFrame: First frame from video sequence.
:param stream: Stream for the asynchronous version.
gpu::VIBE_GPU::operator()
-------------------------
Updates the background model and returns the foreground mask
.. ocv:function:: void gpu::VIBE_GPU::operator()(const GpuMat& frame, GpuMat& fgmask, Stream& stream = Stream::Null())
:param frame: Next video frame.
:param fgmask: The output foreground mask as an 8-bit binary image.
:param stream: Stream for the asynchronous version.
gpu::VIBE_GPU::release
----------------------
Releases all inner buffer's memory.
.. ocv:function:: void gpu::VIBE_GPU::release()
.. [VIBE2011] O. Barnich and M. Van D Roogenbroeck. *ViBe: A universal background subtraction algorithm for video sequences*. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 20(6) :1709-1724, June 2011
......@@ -8,4 +8,3 @@ The module contains algorithms that may be patented in some countries or have so
:maxdepth: 2
feature_detection
background_subtraction
......@@ -125,41 +125,6 @@ public:
GpuMat maxPosBuffer;
};
/*!
* The class implements the following algorithm:
* "ViBe: A universal background subtraction algorithm for video sequences"
* O. Barnich and M. Van D Roogenbroeck
* IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 20(6) :1709-1724, June 2011
*/
class CV_EXPORTS VIBE_GPU
{
public:
//! the default constructor
explicit VIBE_GPU(unsigned long rngSeed = 1234567);
//! re-initiaization method
void initialize(const GpuMat& firstFrame, Stream& stream = Stream::Null());
//! the update operator
void operator()(const GpuMat& frame, GpuMat& fgmask, Stream& stream = Stream::Null());
//! releases all inner buffers
void release();
int nbSamples; // number of samples per pixel
int reqMatches; // #_min
int radius; // R
int subsamplingFactor; // amount of random subsampling
private:
Size frameSize_;
unsigned long rngSeed_;
GpuMat randStates_;
GpuMat samples_;
};
} // namespace gpu
} // namespace cv
......
......@@ -50,18 +50,6 @@ using namespace std;
using namespace testing;
using namespace perf;
#if defined(HAVE_XINE) || \
defined(HAVE_GSTREAMER) || \
defined(HAVE_QUICKTIME) || \
defined(HAVE_AVFOUNDATION) || \
defined(HAVE_FFMPEG) || \
defined(WIN32) /* assume that we have ffmpeg */
# define BUILD_WITH_VIDEO_INPUT_SUPPORT 1
#else
# define BUILD_WITH_VIDEO_INPUT_SUPPORT 0
#endif
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// SURF
......@@ -108,75 +96,4 @@ PERF_TEST_P(Image, GPU_SURF,
}
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// VIBE
#if BUILD_WITH_VIDEO_INPUT_SUPPORT
DEF_PARAM_TEST(Video_Cn, string, int);
PERF_TEST_P(Video_Cn, GPU_VIBE,
Combine(Values("gpu/video/768x576.avi", "gpu/video/1920x1080.avi"),
GPU_CHANNELS_1_3_4))
{
const string inputFile = perf::TestBase::getDataPath(GET_PARAM(0));
const int cn = GET_PARAM(1);
cv::VideoCapture cap(inputFile);
ASSERT_TRUE(cap.isOpened());
cv::Mat frame;
cap >> frame;
ASSERT_FALSE(frame.empty());
if (cn != 3)
{
cv::Mat temp;
if (cn == 1)
cv::cvtColor(frame, temp, cv::COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
else
cv::cvtColor(frame, temp, cv::COLOR_BGR2BGRA);
cv::swap(temp, frame);
}
if (PERF_RUN_GPU())
{
cv::gpu::GpuMat d_frame(frame);
cv::gpu::VIBE_GPU vibe;
cv::gpu::GpuMat foreground;
vibe(d_frame, foreground);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
{
cap >> frame;
ASSERT_FALSE(frame.empty());
if (cn != 3)
{
cv::Mat temp;
if (cn == 1)
cv::cvtColor(frame, temp, cv::COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
else
cv::cvtColor(frame, temp, cv::COLOR_BGR2BGRA);
cv::swap(temp, frame);
}
d_frame.upload(frame);
startTimer(); next();
vibe(d_frame, foreground);
stopTimer();
}
GPU_SANITY_CHECK(foreground);
}
else
{
FAIL_NO_CPU();
}
}
#endif
#endif
/*M///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// IMPORTANT: READ BEFORE DOWNLOADING, COPYING, INSTALLING OR USING.
//
// By downloading, copying, installing or using the software you agree to this license.
// If you do not agree to this license, do not download, install,
// copy or use the software.
//
//
// License Agreement
// For Open Source Computer Vision Library
//
// Copyright (C) 2000-2008, Intel Corporation, all rights reserved.
// Copyright (C) 2009, Willow Garage Inc., all rights reserved.
// Third party copyrights are property of their respective owners.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
// are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
// * Redistribution's of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//
// * Redistribution's in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
// and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//
// * The name of the copyright holders may not be used to endorse or promote products
// derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// This software is provided by the copyright holders and contributors "as is" and
// any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied
// warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed.
// In no event shall the Intel Corporation or contributors be liable for any direct,
// indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages
// (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods or services;
// loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption) however caused
// and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict liability,
// or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way out of
// the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.
//
//M*/
#include "opencv2/opencv_modules.hpp"
#ifdef HAVE_OPENCV_GPU
#include "opencv2/core/cuda/common.hpp"
namespace cv { namespace gpu { namespace cudev
{
namespace vibe
{
void loadConstants(int nbSamples, int reqMatches, int radius, int subsamplingFactor);
void init_gpu(PtrStepSzb frame, int cn, PtrStepSzb samples, PtrStepSz<unsigned int> randStates, cudaStream_t stream);
void update_gpu(PtrStepSzb frame, int cn, PtrStepSzb fgmask, PtrStepSzb samples, PtrStepSz<unsigned int> randStates, cudaStream_t stream);
}
}}}
namespace cv { namespace gpu { namespace cudev
{
namespace vibe
{
__constant__ int c_nbSamples;
__constant__ int c_reqMatches;
__constant__ int c_radius;
__constant__ int c_subsamplingFactor;
void loadConstants(int nbSamples, int reqMatches, int radius, int subsamplingFactor)
{
cudaSafeCall( cudaMemcpyToSymbol(c_nbSamples, &nbSamples, sizeof(int)) );
cudaSafeCall( cudaMemcpyToSymbol(c_reqMatches, &reqMatches, sizeof(int)) );
cudaSafeCall( cudaMemcpyToSymbol(c_radius, &radius, sizeof(int)) );
cudaSafeCall( cudaMemcpyToSymbol(c_subsamplingFactor, &subsamplingFactor, sizeof(int)) );
}
__device__ __forceinline__ uint nextRand(uint& state)
{
const unsigned int CV_RNG_COEFF = 4164903690U;
state = state * CV_RNG_COEFF + (state >> 16);
return state;
}
__constant__ int c_xoff[9] = {-1, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1, 0, 1, 0};
__constant__ int c_yoff[9] = {-1, -1, -1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0};
__device__ __forceinline__ int2 chooseRandomNeighbor(int x, int y, uint& randState, int count = 8)
{
int idx = nextRand(randState) % count;
return make_int2(x + c_xoff[idx], y + c_yoff[idx]);
}
__device__ __forceinline__ uchar cvt(uchar val)
{
return val;
}
__device__ __forceinline__ uchar4 cvt(const uchar3& val)
{
return make_uchar4(val.x, val.y, val.z, 0);
}
__device__ __forceinline__ uchar4 cvt(const uchar4& val)
{
return val;
}
template <typename SrcT, typename SampleT>
__global__ void init(const PtrStepSz<SrcT> frame, PtrStep<SampleT> samples, PtrStep<uint> randStates)
{
const int x = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
const int y = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
if (x >= frame.cols || y >= frame.rows)
return;
uint localState = randStates(y, x);
for (int k = 0; k < c_nbSamples; ++k)
{
int2 np = chooseRandomNeighbor(x, y, localState, 9);
np.x = ::max(0, ::min(np.x, frame.cols - 1));
np.y = ::max(0, ::min(np.y, frame.rows - 1));
SrcT pix = frame(np.y, np.x);
samples(k * frame.rows + y, x) = cvt(pix);
}
randStates(y, x) = localState;
}
template <typename SrcT, typename SampleT>
void init_caller(PtrStepSzb frame, PtrStepSzb samples, PtrStepSz<uint> randStates, cudaStream_t stream)
{
dim3 block(32, 8);
dim3 grid(divUp(frame.cols, block.x), divUp(frame.rows, block.y));
cudaSafeCall( cudaFuncSetCacheConfig(init<SrcT, SampleT>, cudaFuncCachePreferL1) );
init<SrcT, SampleT><<<grid, block, 0, stream>>>((PtrStepSz<SrcT>) frame, (PtrStepSz<SampleT>) samples, randStates);
cudaSafeCall( cudaGetLastError() );
if (stream == 0)
cudaSafeCall( cudaDeviceSynchronize() );
}
void init_gpu(PtrStepSzb frame, int cn, PtrStepSzb samples, PtrStepSz<uint> randStates, cudaStream_t stream)
{
typedef void (*func_t)(PtrStepSzb frame, PtrStepSzb samples, PtrStepSz<uint> randStates, cudaStream_t stream);
static const func_t funcs[] =
{
0, init_caller<uchar, uchar>, 0, init_caller<uchar3, uchar4>, init_caller<uchar4, uchar4>
};
funcs[cn](frame, samples, randStates, stream);
}
__device__ __forceinline__ int calcDist(uchar a, uchar b)
{
return ::abs(a - b);
}
__device__ __forceinline__ int calcDist(const uchar3& a, const uchar4& b)
{
return (::abs(a.x - b.x) + ::abs(a.y - b.y) + ::abs(a.z - b.z)) / 3;
}
__device__ __forceinline__ int calcDist(const uchar4& a, const uchar4& b)
{
return (::abs(a.x - b.x) + ::abs(a.y - b.y) + ::abs(a.z - b.z)) / 3;
}
template <typename SrcT, typename SampleT>
__global__ void update(const PtrStepSz<SrcT> frame, PtrStepb fgmask, PtrStep<SampleT> samples, PtrStep<uint> randStates)
{
const int x = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
const int y = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
if (x >= frame.cols || y >= frame.rows)
return;
uint localState = randStates(y, x);
SrcT imgPix = frame(y, x);
// comparison with the model
int count = 0;
for (int k = 0; (count < c_reqMatches) && (k < c_nbSamples); ++k)
{
SampleT samplePix = samples(k * frame.rows + y, x);
int distance = calcDist(imgPix, samplePix);
if (distance < c_radius)
++count;
}
// pixel classification according to reqMatches
fgmask(y, x) = (uchar) (-(count < c_reqMatches));
if (count >= c_reqMatches)
{
// the pixel belongs to the background
// gets a random number between 0 and subsamplingFactor-1
int randomNumber = nextRand(localState) % c_subsamplingFactor;
// update of the current pixel model
if (randomNumber == 0)
{
// random subsampling
int k = nextRand(localState) % c_nbSamples;
samples(k * frame.rows + y, x) = cvt(imgPix);
}
// update of a neighboring pixel model
randomNumber = nextRand(localState) % c_subsamplingFactor;
if (randomNumber == 0)
{
// random subsampling
// chooses a neighboring pixel randomly
int2 np = chooseRandomNeighbor(x, y, localState);
np.x = ::max(0, ::min(np.x, frame.cols - 1));
np.y = ::max(0, ::min(np.y, frame.rows - 1));
// chooses the value to be replaced randomly
int k = nextRand(localState) % c_nbSamples;
samples(k * frame.rows + np.y, np.x) = cvt(imgPix);
}
}
randStates(y, x) = localState;
}
template <typename SrcT, typename SampleT>
void update_caller(PtrStepSzb frame, PtrStepSzb fgmask, PtrStepSzb samples, PtrStepSz<uint> randStates, cudaStream_t stream)
{
dim3 block(32, 8);
dim3 grid(divUp(frame.cols, block.x), divUp(frame.rows, block.y));
cudaSafeCall( cudaFuncSetCacheConfig(update<SrcT, SampleT>, cudaFuncCachePreferL1) );
update<SrcT, SampleT><<<grid, block, 0, stream>>>((PtrStepSz<SrcT>) frame, fgmask, (PtrStepSz<SampleT>) samples, randStates);
cudaSafeCall( cudaGetLastError() );
if (stream == 0)
cudaSafeCall( cudaDeviceSynchronize() );
}
void update_gpu(PtrStepSzb frame, int cn, PtrStepSzb fgmask, PtrStepSzb samples, PtrStepSz<uint> randStates, cudaStream_t stream)
{
typedef void (*func_t)(PtrStepSzb frame, PtrStepSzb fgmask, PtrStepSzb samples, PtrStepSz<uint> randStates, cudaStream_t stream);
static const func_t funcs[] =
{
0, update_caller<uchar, uchar>, 0, update_caller<uchar3, uchar4>, update_caller<uchar4, uchar4>
};
funcs[cn](frame, fgmask, samples, randStates, stream);
}
}
}}}
#endif
/*M///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// IMPORTANT: READ BEFORE DOWNLOADING, COPYING, INSTALLING OR USING.
//
// By downloading, copying, installing or using the software you agree to this license.
// If you do not agree to this license, do not download, install,
// copy or use the software.
//
//
// License Agreement
// For Open Source Computer Vision Library
//
// Copyright (C) 2000-2008, Intel Corporation, all rights reserved.
// Copyright (C) 2009, Willow Garage Inc., all rights reserved.
// Third party copyrights are property of their respective owners.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
// are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
// * Redistribution's of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//
// * Redistribution's in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
// and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//
// * The name of the copyright holders may not be used to endorse or promote products
// derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// This software is provided by the copyright holders and contributors "as is" and
// any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied
// warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed.
// In no event shall the Intel Corporation or contributors be liable for any direct,
// indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential damages
// (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute goods or services;
// loss of use, data, or profits; or business interruption) however caused
// and on any theory of liability, whether in contract, strict liability,
// or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any way out of
// the use of this software, even if advised of the possibility of such damage.
//
//M*/
#include "precomp.hpp"
#if defined(HAVE_OPENCV_GPU)
#if !defined HAVE_CUDA || defined(CUDA_DISABLER)
cv::gpu::VIBE_GPU::VIBE_GPU(unsigned long) { throw_no_cuda(); }
void cv::gpu::VIBE_GPU::initialize(const GpuMat&, Stream&) { throw_no_cuda(); }
void cv::gpu::VIBE_GPU::operator()(const GpuMat&, GpuMat&, Stream&) { throw_no_cuda(); }
void cv::gpu::VIBE_GPU::release() {}
#else
namespace cv { namespace gpu { namespace cudev
{
namespace vibe
{
void loadConstants(int nbSamples, int reqMatches, int radius, int subsamplingFactor);
void init_gpu(PtrStepSzb frame, int cn, PtrStepSzb samples, PtrStepSz<unsigned int> randStates, cudaStream_t stream);
void update_gpu(PtrStepSzb frame, int cn, PtrStepSzb fgmask, PtrStepSzb samples, PtrStepSz<unsigned int> randStates, cudaStream_t stream);
}
}}}
namespace
{
const int defaultNbSamples = 20;
const int defaultReqMatches = 2;
const int defaultRadius = 20;
const int defaultSubsamplingFactor = 16;
}
cv::gpu::VIBE_GPU::VIBE_GPU(unsigned long rngSeed) :
frameSize_(0, 0), rngSeed_(rngSeed)
{
nbSamples = defaultNbSamples;
reqMatches = defaultReqMatches;
radius = defaultRadius;
subsamplingFactor = defaultSubsamplingFactor;
}
void cv::gpu::VIBE_GPU::initialize(const GpuMat& firstFrame, Stream& s)
{
using namespace cv::gpu::cudev::vibe;
CV_Assert(firstFrame.type() == CV_8UC1 || firstFrame.type() == CV_8UC3 || firstFrame.type() == CV_8UC4);
cudaStream_t stream = StreamAccessor::getStream(s);
loadConstants(nbSamples, reqMatches, radius, subsamplingFactor);
frameSize_ = firstFrame.size();
if (randStates_.size() != frameSize_)
{
cv::RNG rng(rngSeed_);
cv::Mat h_randStates(frameSize_, CV_8UC4);
rng.fill(h_randStates, cv::RNG::UNIFORM, 0, 255);
randStates_.upload(h_randStates);
}
int ch = firstFrame.channels();
int sample_ch = ch == 1 ? 1 : 4;
samples_.create(nbSamples * frameSize_.height, frameSize_.width, CV_8UC(sample_ch));
init_gpu(firstFrame, ch, samples_, randStates_, stream);
}
void cv::gpu::VIBE_GPU::operator()(const GpuMat& frame, GpuMat& fgmask, Stream& s)
{
using namespace cv::gpu::cudev::vibe;
CV_Assert(frame.depth() == CV_8U);
int ch = frame.channels();
int sample_ch = ch == 1 ? 1 : 4;
if (frame.size() != frameSize_ || sample_ch != samples_.channels())
initialize(frame);
fgmask.create(frameSize_, CV_8UC1);
update_gpu(frame, ch, fgmask, samples_, randStates_, StreamAccessor::getStream(s));
}
void cv::gpu::VIBE_GPU::release()
{
frameSize_ = Size(0, 0);
randStates_.release();
samples_.release();
}
#endif
#endif // defined(HAVE_OPENCV_GPU)
......@@ -191,42 +191,4 @@ INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(GPU_Features2D, SURF, testing::Combine(
testing::Values(SURF_Extended(false), SURF_Extended(true)),
testing::Values(SURF_Upright(false), SURF_Upright(true))));
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// VIBE
PARAM_TEST_CASE(VIBE, cv::Size, MatType, UseRoi)
{
};
GPU_TEST_P(VIBE, Accuracy)
{
const cv::Size size = GET_PARAM(0);
const int type = GET_PARAM(1);
const bool useRoi = GET_PARAM(2);
const cv::Mat fullfg(size, CV_8UC1, cv::Scalar::all(255));
cv::Mat frame = randomMat(size, type, 0.0, 100);
cv::gpu::GpuMat d_frame = loadMat(frame, useRoi);
cv::gpu::VIBE_GPU vibe;
cv::gpu::GpuMat d_fgmask = createMat(size, CV_8UC1, useRoi);
vibe.initialize(d_frame);
for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i)
vibe(d_frame, d_fgmask);
frame = randomMat(size, type, 160, 255);
d_frame = loadMat(frame, useRoi);
vibe(d_frame, d_fgmask);
// now fgmask should be entirely foreground
ASSERT_MAT_NEAR(fullfg, d_fgmask, 0);
}
INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(GPU_Video, VIBE, testing::Combine(
DIFFERENT_SIZES,
testing::Values(MatType(CV_8UC1), MatType(CV_8UC3), MatType(CV_8UC4)),
WHOLE_SUBMAT));
#endif
......@@ -15,9 +15,6 @@ enum Method
FGD_STAT,
MOG,
MOG2,
#ifdef HAVE_OPENCV_NONFREE
VIBE,
#endif
GMG
};
......@@ -26,7 +23,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char** argv)
cv::CommandLineParser cmd(argc, argv,
"{ c camera | | use camera }"
"{ f file | 768x576.avi | input video file }"
"{ m method | mog | method (fgd, mog, mog2, vibe, gmg) }"
"{ m method | mog | method (fgd, mog, mog2, gmg) }"
"{ h help | | print help message }");
if (cmd.has("help") || !cmd.check())
......@@ -43,9 +40,6 @@ int main(int argc, const char** argv)
if (method != "fgd"
&& method != "mog"
&& method != "mog2"
#ifdef HAVE_OPENCV_NONFREE
&& method != "vibe"
#endif
&& method != "gmg")
{
cerr << "Incorrect method" << endl;
......@@ -55,9 +49,6 @@ int main(int argc, const char** argv)
Method m = method == "fgd" ? FGD_STAT :
method == "mog" ? MOG :
method == "mog2" ? MOG2 :
#ifdef HAVE_OPENCV_NONFREE
method == "vibe" ? VIBE :
#endif
GMG;
VideoCapture cap;
......@@ -81,9 +72,6 @@ int main(int argc, const char** argv)
FGDStatModel fgd_stat;
MOG_GPU mog;
MOG2_GPU mog2;
#ifdef HAVE_OPENCV_NONFREE
VIBE_GPU vibe;
#endif
GMG_GPU gmg;
gmg.numInitializationFrames = 40;
......@@ -109,12 +97,6 @@ int main(int argc, const char** argv)
mog2(d_frame, d_fgmask);
break;
#ifdef HAVE_OPENCV_NONFREE
case VIBE:
vibe.initialize(d_frame);
break;
#endif
case GMG:
gmg.initialize(d_frame.size());
break;
......@@ -123,11 +105,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char** argv)
namedWindow("image", WINDOW_NORMAL);
namedWindow("foreground mask", WINDOW_NORMAL);
namedWindow("foreground image", WINDOW_NORMAL);
if (m != GMG
#ifdef HAVE_OPENCV_NONFREE
&& m != VIBE
#endif
)
if (m != GMG)
{
namedWindow("mean background image", WINDOW_NORMAL);
}
......@@ -160,12 +138,6 @@ int main(int argc, const char** argv)
mog2.getBackgroundImage(d_bgimg);
break;
#ifdef HAVE_OPENCV_NONFREE
case VIBE:
vibe(d_frame, d_fgmask);
break;
#endif
case GMG:
gmg(d_frame, d_fgmask);
break;
......
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