(table or index) before trying to open its relcache entry.  This fixes
race conditions in which someone else commits a change to the relation's
catalog entries while we are in process of doing relcache load.  Problems
of that ilk have been reported sporadically for years, but it was not
really practical to fix until recently --- for instance, the recent
addition of WAL-log support for in-place updates helped.

Along the way, remove pg_am.amconcurrent: all AMs are now expected to support
concurrent update.

Strip unused include files out unused include files, and add needed
includes to C files.

The next step is to remove unused include files in C files.

discussion (including making def_arg allow reserved words), add missed
opt_definition for UNIQUE case.  Put the reloptions support code in a less
random place (I chose to make a new file access/common/reloptions.c).
Eliminate header inclusion creep.  Make the index options functions safely
user-callable (seems like client apps might like to be able to test validity
of options before trying to make an index).  Reduce overhead for normal case
with no options by allowing rd_options to be NULL.  Fix some unmaintainably
klugy code, including getting rid of Natts_pg_class_fixed at long last.
Some stylistic cleanup too, and pay attention to keeping comments in sync
with code.

Documentation still needs work, though I did fix the omissions in
catalogs.sgml and indexam.sgml.

ITAGAKI Takahiro

misleadingly-named WriteBuffer routine, and instead require routines that
change buffer pages to call MarkBufferDirty (which does exactly what it says).
We also require that they do so before calling XLogInsert; this takes care of
the synchronization requirement documented in SyncOneBuffer.  Note that
because bufmgr takes the buffer content lock (in shared mode) while writing
out any buffer, it doesn't matter whether MarkBufferDirty is executed before
the buffer content change is complete, so long as the content change is
completed before releasing exclusive lock on the buffer.  So it's OK to set
the dirtybit before we fill in the LSN.
This eliminates the former kluge of needing to set the dirtybit in LockBuffer.
Aside from making the code more transparent, we can also add some new
debugging assertions, in particular that the caller of MarkBufferDirty must
hold the buffer content lock, not merely a pin.

This commit doesn't make much functional change, but it does eliminate some
duplicated code --- for instance, PageIsNew tests are now done inside
XLogReadBuffer rather than by each caller.
The GIST xlog code still needs a lot of love, but I'll worry about that
separately.

when an error occurs during xlog replay.  Also, replace the former risky
'write into a fixed-size buffer with no overflow detection' API for XLOG
record description routines; use an expansible StringInfo instead.  (The
latter accounts for most of the patch bulk.)

Qingqing Zhou

during parse analysis, not only errors detected in the flex/bison stages.
This is per my earlier proposal.  This commit includes all the basic
infrastructure, but locations are only tracked and reported for errors
involving column references, function calls, and operators.  More could
be done later but this seems like a good set to start with.  I've also
moved the ReportSyntaxErrorPosition logic out of psql and into libpq,
which should make it available to more people --- even within psql this
is an improvement because warnings weren't handled by ReportSyntaxErrorPosition.

Continue to support GRANT ON [TABLE] for sequences for backward
compatibility;  issue warning for invalid sequence permissions.

[Backward compatibility warning message.]

Add USAGE permission for sequences that allows only currval() and
nextval(), not setval().

Mention object name in grant/revoke warnings because of possible
multi-object operations.

comment line where output as too long, and update typedefs for /lib
directory.  Also fix case where identifiers were used as variable names
in the backend, but as typedefs in ecpg (favor the backend for
indenting).

Backpatch to 8.1.X.

argument as a 'regclass' value instead of a text string.  The frontend
conversion of text string to pg_class OID is now encapsulated as an
implicitly-invocable coercion from text to regclass.  This provides
backwards compatibility to the old behavior when the sequence argument
is explicitly typed as 'text'.  When the argument is just an unadorned
literal string, it will be taken as 'regclass', which means that the
stored representation will be an OID.  This solves longstanding problems
with renaming sequences that are referenced in default expressions, as
well as new-in-8.1 problems with renaming such sequences' schemas or
moving them to another schema.  All per recent discussion.
Along the way, fix some rather serious problems in dbmirror's support
for mirroring sequence operations (int4 vs int8 confusion for instance).

last nextval() or setval() performed by the current session. Update the
docs, add regression tests, and bump the catalog version. Patch from
Dennis Björklund, various improvements by Neil Conway.

up have the standard layout with unused space between pd_lower and pd_upper.
When this is set, XLogInsert will omit the unused space without bothering
to scan it to see if it's zero.  That saves time in XLogInsert, and also
allows reversion of my earlier patch to make PageRepairFragmentation et al
explicitly re-zero freed space.  Per suggestion by Heikki Linnakangas.

That code is never going to be used in the foreseeable future, and
where it's more than a stub it's making the redo routines harder to
read.

used. From Jaime Casanova.

Tag appropriate files for rc3

Also performed an initial run through of upgrading our Copyright date to
extend to 2005 ... first run here was very simple ... change everything
where: grep 1996-2004 && the word 'Copyright' ... scanned through the
generated list with 'less' first, and after, to make sure that I only
picked up the right entries ...

buffer is valid, as ReadBuffer() will elog on error. Most of the call
sites of ReadBuffer() got this right, but this patch fixes those call
sites that did not.

as per recent discussions.  Invent SubTransactionIds that are managed like
CommandIds (ie, counter is reset at start of each top transaction), and
use these instead of TransactionIds to keep track of subtransaction status
in those modules that need it.  This means that a subtransaction does not
need an XID unless it actually inserts/modifies rows in the database.
Accordingly, don't assign it an XID nor take a lock on the XID until it
tries to do that.  This saves a lot of overhead for subtransactions that
are only used for error recovery (eg plpgsql exceptions).  Also, arrange
to release a subtransaction's XID lock as soon as the subtransaction
exits, in both the commit and abort cases.  This avoids holding many
unique locks after a long series of subtransactions.  The price is some
additional overhead in XactLockTableWait, but that seems acceptable.
Finally, restructure the state machine in xact.c to have a more orthogonal
set of states for subtransactions.

recovery more manageable.  Also, undo recent change to add FILE_HEADER
and WASTED_SPACE records to XLOG; instead make the XLOG page header
variable-size with extra fields in the first page of an XLOG file.
This should fix the boundary-case bugs observed by Mark Kirkwood.
initdb forced due to change of XLOG representation.

live in database or schema's default tablespace, as per today's discussion.
Also, remove some unused keywords from the grammar (PATH, PENDANT,
VERSION), and fix ALSO, which was added as a keyword but not added
to the keyword classification lists, thus making it worse-than-reserved.

There are various things left to do: contrib dbsize and oid2name modules
need work, and so does the documentation.  Also someone should think about
COMMENT ON TABLESPACE and maybe RENAME TABLESPACE.  Also initlocation is
dead, it just doesn't know it yet.

Gavin Sherry and Tom Lane.

In the past, we used a 'Lispy' linked list implementation: a "list" was
merely a pointer to the head node of the list. The problem with that
design is that it makes lappend() and length() linear time. This patch
fixes that problem (and others) by maintaining a count of the list
length and a pointer to the tail node along with each head node pointer.
A "list" is now a pointer to a structure containing some meta-data
about the list; the head and tail pointers in that structure refer
to ListCell structures that maintain the actual linked list of nodes.

The function names of the list API have also been changed to, I hope,
be more logically consistent. By default, the old function names are
still available; they will be disabled-by-default once the rest of
the tree has been updated to use the new API names.

costing us lots more to maintain than it was worth.  On shared tables
it was of exactly zero benefit because we couldn't trust it to be
up to date.  On temp tables it sometimes saved an lseek, but not often
enough to be worth getting excited about.  And the real problem was that
we forced an lseek on every relcache flush in order to update the field.
So all in all it seems best to lose the complexity.

equal to the desired restart value (must clear is_called, did not).
Per bug report #1127 from Piotr Konieczny.

intended to allow application authors to insulate themselves from
changes to the default value of 'default_with_oids' in future releases
of PostgreSQL.

This patch also fixes a bug in the earlier implementation of the
'default_with_oids' GUC variable: code in gram.y should not examine
the value of GUC variables directly due to synchronization issues.

pointer type when it is not necessary to do so.

For future reference, casting NULL to a pointer type is only necessary
when (a) invoking a function AND either (b) the function has no prototype
OR (c) the function is a varargs function.

some concurrent changes Jan was making to the bufmgr. Here's an
updated version of the patch -- it should apply cleanly to CVS
HEAD and passes the regression tests.

This patch makes the following changes:

     - remove the UnlockAndReleaseBuffer() and UnlockAndWriteBuffer()
       macros, and replace uses of them with calls to the appropriate
       functions.

     - remove a bunch of #ifdef BMTRACE code: it is ugly & broken
       (i.e. it doesn't compile)

     - make BufferReplace() return a bool, not an int

     - cleanup some logic in bufmgr.c; should be functionality
       equivalent to the previous code, just cleaner now

     - remove the BM_PRIVATE flag as it is unused

     - improve a few comments, etc.

$Header: -> $PostgreSQL Changes ...

tree for CYCLE option; don't assume zeros are invalid values for sequence
fields other than increment_by; don't reset cache_value when not told to;
simplify code for testing whether to apply defaults.

terms, add some clarifications, fix some untranslatable attempts at dynamic
message building.