As usual, the release notes for older branches will be made by cutting
these down, but put them up for community review first.

Note: a few of these items actually don't apply to 9.3, but only to older
branches.  I'll sort that out when copying the text into the older
release-X.Y.sgml files.

Rather remarkable that this has been wrong since 9.1 and nobody noticed.

DST law changes in Crimea, Egypt, Morocco.  New zone Antarctica/Troll
for Norwegian base in Queen Maud Land.

When a view has a function-returning-composite in FROM, and there are
some dropped columns in the underlying composite type, ruleutils.c
printed junk in the column alias list for the reconstructed FROM entry.
Before 9.3, this was prevented by doing get_rte_attribute_is_dropped
tests while printing the column alias list; but that solution is not
currently available to us for reasons I'll explain below.  Instead,
check for empty-string entries in the alias list, which can only exist
if that column position had been dropped at the time the view was made.
(The parser fills in empty strings to preserve the invariant that the
aliases correspond to physical column positions.)

While this is sufficient to handle the case of columns dropped before
the view was made, we have still got issues with columns dropped after
the view was made.  In particular, the view could contain Vars that
explicitly reference such columns!  The dependency machinery really
ought to refuse the column drop attempt in such cases, as it would do
when trying to drop a table column that's explicitly referenced in
views.  However, we currently neglect to store dependencies on columns
of composite types, and fixing that is likely to be too big to be
back-patchable (not to mention that existing views in existing databases
would not have the needed pg_depend entries anyway).  So I'll leave that
for a separate patch.

Pre-9.3, ruleutils would print such Vars normally (with their original
column names) even though it suppressed their entries in the RTE's
column alias list.  This is certainly bogus, since the printed view
definition would fail to reload, but at least it didn't crash.  However,
as of 9.3 the printed column alias list is tightly tied to the names
printed for Vars; so we can't treat columns as dropped for one purpose
and not dropped for the other.  This is why we can't just put back the
get_rte_attribute_is_dropped test: it results in an assertion failure
if the view in fact contains any Vars referencing the dropped column.
Once we've got dependencies preventing such cases, we'll probably want
to do it that way instead of relying on the empty-string test used here.

This fix turned up a very ancient bug in outfuncs/readfuncs, namely
that T_String nodes containing empty strings were not dumped/reloaded
correctly: the node was printed as "<>" which is read as a string
value of <>.  Since (per SQL) we disallow empty-string identifiers,
such nodes don't occur normally, which is why we'd not noticed.
(Such nodes aren't used for literal constants, just identifiers.)

Per report from Marc Schablewski.  Back-patch to 9.3 which is where
the rule printing behavior changed.  The dangling-variable case is
broken all the way back, but that's not what his complaint is about.

~/.pgpass is a sound choice everywhere, and "peer" authentication is
safe on every platform it supports.  Cease to recommend "trust"
authentication, the safety of which is deeply configuration-specific.
Back-patch to 9.0, where pg_upgrade was introduced.

If pg_regcomp failed after having invoked markst/cleanst, it would leak any
"struct subre" nodes it had created.  (We've already detected all regex
syntax errors at that point, so the only likely causes of later failure
would be query cancel or out-of-memory.)  To fix, make sure freesrnode
knows the difference between the pre-cleanst and post-cleanst cleanup
procedures.  Add some documentation of this less-than-obvious point.

Also, newlacon did the wrong thing with an out-of-memory failure from
realloc(), so that the previously allocated array would be leaked.

Both of these are pretty low-probability scenarios, but a bug is a bug,
so patch all the way back.

Per bug #10976 from Arthur O'Dwyer.

pgevent doesn't include the global PostgreSQL headers, for a reason,
and therefor cannot rely on defines in it...

pg_ctl will log to the Windows event log when it is running as a service,
which is the primary way of running PostgreSQL on Windows. This option
makes it possible to specify which event source to use for this, in order
to separate different instances. The server logging itself is still controlled
by the regular logging parameters, including a separate setting for the event
source. The parameter to pg_ctl only controlls the logging from pg_ctl itself.

MauMau, review in many iterations by Amit Kapila and me.

The consistent function contained several bugs:

* The "if (which2) { ... }"  block was broken. It compared the  argument's
lower bound against centroid's upper bound, while it was supposed to compare
the argument's upper bound against the centroid's lower bound (the comment
was correct, code was wrong). Also, it cleared bits in the "which1"
variable, while it was supposed to clear bits in "which2".

* If the argument's upper bound was equal to the centroid's lower bound, we
descended to both halves (= all quadrants). That's unnecessary, searching
the right quadrants is sufficient. This didn't lead to incorrect query
results, but was clearly wrong, and slowed down queries unnecessarily.

* In the case that argument's lower bound is adjacent to the centroid's
upper bound, we also don't need to visit all quadrants. Per similar
reasoning as previous point.

* The code where we compare the previous centroid with the current centroid
should match the code where we compare the current centroid with the
argument. The point of that code is to redo the calculation done in the
previous level, to see if we were supposed to traverse left or right (or up
or down), and if we actually did. If we moved in the different direction,
then we know there are no matches for bound.

Refactor the code and adds comments to make it more readable and easier to
reason about.

Backpatch to 9.3 where SP-GiST support for range types was introduced.

We can remove a left join to a relation if the relation's output is
provably distinct for the columns involved in the join clause (considering
only equijoin clauses) and the relation supplies no variables needed above
the join.  Previously, the join removal logic could only prove distinctness
by reference to unique indexes of a table.  This patch extends the logic
to consider subquery relations, wherein distinctness might be proven by
reference to GROUP BY, DISTINCT, etc.

We actually already had some code to check that a subquery's output was
provably distinct, but it was hidden inside pathnode.c; which was a pretty
bad place for it really, since that file is mostly boilerplate Path
construction and comparison.  Move that code to analyzejoins.c, which is
arguably a more appropriate location, and is certainly the site of the
new usage for it.

David Rowley, reviewed by Simon Riggs

Mingw uses a different header file than msvc, so we don't get the
hardcoded value, so we need the configure test to run.

It was previously not clear what unit the option argument should have.

These functions indirectly invoke output functions, so they can't be
immutable.

Backpatch to 9.4 where they were introduced.

Catalog version bumped.

Per note from Tom Lane

Trying to reassign objects owned by a user that had text search
dictionaries or configurations used to fail with:
ERROR:  unexpected classid 3600
or
ERROR:  unexpected classid 3602

Fix by adding cases for those object types in a switch in pg_shdepend.c.

Both REASSIGN OWNED and text search objects go back all the way to 8.1,
so backpatch to all supported branches.  In 9.3 the alter-owner code was
made generic, so the required change in recent branches is pretty
simple; however, for 9.2 and older ones we need some additional
reshuffling to enable specifying objects by OID rather than name.

Text search templates and parsers are not owned objects, so there's no
change required for them.

Per bug #9749 reported by Michal Novotný

Apparently we still build against OpenSSL so old that it doesn't
have this function, so add an autoconf check for it to make the
buildfarm happy. If the function doesn't exist, always return
that compression is disabled, since presumably the actual
compression functionality is always missing.

For now, hardcode the function as present on MSVC, since we should
hopefully be well beyond those old versions on that platform.

These are files under common/ that have been moved around.  Updating
these manually is not satisfactory, but it's the only solution at the
moment.

Both the psql banner and the connection logging already included
SSL status, cipher and bitlength, this adds the information about
compression being on or off.

Also update one place where the wal_level "logical" was not added to an
error message.

ws2_32 is the new version of the library that should be used, as
it contains the require functionality from wsock32 as well as some
more (which is why some binaries were already using ws2_32).

Michael Paquier, reviewed by MauMau

From: Josh Kupershmidt <schmiddy@gmail.com>

Fabrízio de Royes Mello

Per discussion after a gripe from me in
http://www.postgresql.org/message-id/20140611194633.GH18688@eldon.alvh.no-ip.org

Jaime Casanova

Prominent binaries already had this metadata.  A handful of minor
binaries, such as pg_regress.exe, still lack it; efforts to eliminate
such exceptions are welcome.

Michael Paquier, reviewed by MauMau.

Michael Paquier

Unlike "make" itself, the MSVC build process recognized a continuation
even with whitespace after the backslash.  (Due to a typo, some code
sites accepted the letter "s" instead of whitespace).  Also, it would
consume any number of newlines following a single backslash.  This is
mere cleanup; those behaviors were unlikely to cause bugs.

Achieve this by consistently using four-argument Solution::AddProject()
calls.  Remove ad hoc Makefile parsing made redundant by doing that.

Michael Paquier and Noah Misch, reviewed by MauMau.

EXPLAIN ANALYZE shows the information of the numbers of exact/lossy blocks which
bitmap heap scan processes. But, previously, when those numbers were both zero,
it displayed only the prefix "Heap Blocks:" in TEXT output format. This is strange
and would confuse the users. So this commit suppresses such unnecessary information.

Backpatch to 9.4 where EXPLAIN ANALYZE was changed so that such information was
displayed.

Etsuro Fujita

Etsuro Fujita

Adds a configuration parameter, extraver, that is appended to the
version number when built.

Michael Paquier, reviewed by Muhammad Asif Naeem

Complete SET search_path = ... to non-temporary and non-toast
schemas. Since there pretty much is no use case to add those to the
search path and there can be many it's helpful to exclude them.

It'd be nicer to complete multiple search path elements, but that's
not easy.

Jeff Janes

Commit 1b86c81d fixed the decoding of toasted columns for the rows
contained in one xl_heap_multi_insert record. But that's not actually
enough, because heap_multi_insert() will actually first toast all
passed in rows and then emit several *_multi_insert records; one for
each page it fills with tuples.

Add a XLOG_HEAP_LAST_MULTI_INSERT flag which is set in
xl_heap_multi_insert->flag denoting that this multi_insert record is
the last emitted by one heap_multi_insert() call. Then use that flag
in decode.c to only set clear_toast_afterwards in the right situation.

Expand the number of rows inserted via COPY in the corresponding
regression test to make sure that more than one heap page is filled
with tuples by one heap_multi_insert() call.

Backpatch to 9.4 like the previous commit.

Adds support for autocomplete of LC_COLLATE and LC_CTYPE to
the CREATE DATABASE command in psql.

ExecEvalWholeRowVar incorrectly supposed that it could "bless" the source
TupleTableSlot just once per query.  But if the input is coming from an
Append (or, perhaps, other cases?) more than one slot might be returned
over the query run.  This led to "record type has not been registered"
errors when a composite datum was extracted from a non-blessed slot.

This bug has been there a long time; I guess it escaped notice because when
dealing with subqueries the planner tends to expand whole-row Vars into
RowExprs, which don't have the same problem.  It is possible to trigger
the problem in all active branches, though, as illustrated by the added
regression test.