Introduced in 8.4 rewrite of dependency.c.
Per bug #5072 from Amit Khandekar.

This is mainly to make the functionality consistent with the proposed \u
escape syntax.

Prevent creation of 16GB files during fsync testing; only create 16MB
files;  backpatch to 8.4.X.

This is intentionally similar to the recently revised syntax for EXPLAIN
options, ie, (name value, ...).  The old syntax is still supported for
backwards compatibility, but we intend that any options added in future
will be provided only in the new syntax.

Robert Haas, Emmanuel Cecchet

preinitialized local variables, this does not affect the function's semantics
as seen by callers; allowing assignment simply avoids the need to create more
local variables in some cases.  In any case we were being rather inconsistent
since only scalar parameters were getting marked constant.

No documentation change, since parameters were never documented as being
marked constant anyway.

Steve Prentice

trying to parse COPY options exactly in psql's \copy support.  Instead,
just send the options as-is and let the backend sort it out.

Emmanuel Cecchet

tests into a small common subroutine, and eliminate an unnecessary difference
in the order in which conditions are tested.  Per a comment from Robert Haas.

only for secondary page split (i.e. for non-first columns of index)

 Patch by Paul Ramsey <pramsey@opengeo.org>

function that returns the current transaction status.

Instead of requiring translators to translate the entire SQL command
synopses, change create_help.pl to only require them to translate the
placeholders, and paste those into the synopsis using a printf mechanism.
Make some small updates to the markup to make it easier to parse.

Note: This causes msgmerge of gettext 0.17 to segfault.  You will need
the patch from https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?27474 to make it work.
msgmerge usually only runs on babel.postgresql.org, however.

Update docs to clearly explain NULL value matching behavior, per Andrew.

Backpatch to 8.4.X.

ignored because it can only be set at server start.  In particular,
hiding the main reason in the detail message was suboptimal.

Clearify documentation of CVS's output of NULL values, per suggestion
from Magnus.

Backpatch to 8.4.X.

is unique and is not referenced above the join.  In this case the inner
side doesn't affect the query result and can be thrown away entirely.
Although perhaps nobody would ever write such a thing by hand, it's
a reasonably common case in machine-generated SQL.

The current implementation only recognizes the case where the inner side
is a simple relation with a unique index matching the query conditions.
This is enough for the use-cases that have been shown so far, but we
might want to try to handle other cases later.

Robert Haas, somewhat rewritten by Tom

Author: Alexey Klyukin <alexk@commandprompt.com>

In practice these mistakes were always masked when full_page_writes was on,
because XLogInsert would always choose to log the full page, and then
ginRedoInsertListPage wouldn't try to do anything.  But with full_page_writes
off a WAL replay failure was certain.

The GIN_INSERT_LISTPAGE record type could probably be eliminated entirely
in favor of using XLOG_HEAP_NEWPAGE, but I refrained from doing that now
since it would have required a significantly more invasive patch.

In passing do a little bit of code cleanup, including making the accounting
for free space on GIN list pages more precise.  (This wasn't a bug as the
errors were always in the conservative direction.)

Per report from Simon.  Back-patch to 8.4 which contains the identical code.

if salt_len == 0.  This seems to be mostly academic, since nearly all calling
code paths guarantee nonempty salt; the only case that doesn't is
PQencryptPassword where the caller could mistakenly pass an empty username.
So, fix it but don't bother backpatching.  Per ljb.

append_history(), if libreadline is new enough to have those functions
(they seem to be present at least since 4.2; but libedit may not have them).
This gives significantly saner behavior when two or more sessions overlap in
their use of the history file; although having two sessions exit at just the
same time is still perilous to your history.  The behavior of \s remains
unchanged, ie, overwrite whatever was there.
Per bug #5052 from Marek Wójtowicz.

Check calls of PyUnicode_AsEncodedString() for NULL return, probably
because the encoding name is not known.  Add special treatment for
SQL_ASCII, which Python definitely does not know.

Since using SQL_ASCII produces errors in the regression tests when
non-ASCII characters are involved, we have to put back various regression
test result variants.

per Joshua Tolley

of checkpoint. Although the checkpoint has been written to WAL at that point
already, so that all data is safe, and we'll retry removing the WAL segment at
the next checkpoint, if such a failure persists we won't be able to remove any
other old WAL segments either and will eventually run out of disk space. It's
better to treat the failure as non-fatal, and move on to clean any other WAL
segment and continue with any other end-of-checkpoint cleanup.

We don't normally expect any such failures, but on Windows it can happen with
some anti-virus or backup software that lock files without FILE_SHARE_DELETE
flag.

Also, the loop in pgrename() to retry when the file is locked was broken. If a
file is locked on Windows, you get ERROR_SHARE_VIOLATION, not
ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED, at least on modern versions. Fix that, although I left
the check for ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED in there as well (presumably it was correct
in some environment), and added ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION to be consistent with
similar checks in pgwin32_open(). Reduce the timeout on the loop from 30s to
10s, on the grounds that since it's been broken, we've effectively had a
timeout of 0s and no-one has complained, so a smaller timeout is actually
closer to the old behavior. A longer timeout would mean that if recycling a
WAL file fails because it's locked for some reason, InstallXLogFileSegment()
will hold ControlFileLock for longer, potentially blocking other backends, so
a long timeout isn't totally harmless.

While we're at it, set errno correctly in pgrename().

Backpatch to 8.2, which is the oldest version supported on Windows. The xlog.c
changes would make sense on other platforms and thus on older versions as
well, but since there's no such locking issues on other platforms, it's not
worth it.

dblink generates orphaned connections when called with a connection string,
fail_on_error = true, and an ERROR occurs. Discovery and patch by
Tatsuhito Kasahara. Introduced in 8.4.

PL/Python now accepts Unicode objects where it previously only accepted string
objects (for example, as return value).  Unicode objects are converted to the
PostgreSQL server encoding as necessary.

This change is also necessary for future Python 3 support, which treats all
strings as Unicode objects.

Since this removes the error conditions that the plpython_unicode test file
tested for, the alternative result files are no longer necessary.

an explicit model of rescan costs being different from first-time costs.
The costing of Material nodes in particular now has some visible relationship
to the actual runtime behavior, where before it was essentially fantasy.
This also fixes up a couple of places where different materialized plan types
were treated differently for no very good reason (probably just oversights).

A couple of the regression tests are affected, because the planner now chooses
to put the other relation on the inside of a nestloop-with-materialize.
So far as I can see both changes are sane, and the planner is now more
consistently following the expectation that it should prefer to materialize
the smaller of two relations.

Per a recent discussion with Robert Haas.

privileges by mentioning the possibility of granting membership in
the owning role.

If Apple doesn't fix that reasonably soon, we'll have to consider
back-patching a workaround; but for now, just hack it in HEAD so that
we can get buildfarm reports on HEAD from OS X machines.
Per Jan Otto.

In this case we generate two PathKey references to the expression (one for
DISTINCT and one for ORDER BY) and they really need to refer to the same
EquivalenceClass.  However get_eclass_for_sort_expr was being overly paranoid
and creating two different EC's.  Correct behavior is to use the SortGroupRef
index to decide whether two references to volatile expressions that are
equal() (ie textually equivalent) should be considered the same.

Backpatch to 8.4.  Possibly this should be changed in 8.3 as well, but
I'll refrain in the absence of evidence of a visible failure in that branch.

Per bug #5049.

use that value when the backend is new enough to allow it.  This responds
to bug report from Keh-Cheng Chu pointing out that although 2 extra digits
should be sufficient to dump and restore float8 exactly, it is possible to
need 3 extra digits for float4 values.

per Bruno Guimarães Carneiro

are used to populate the tables with -i, but when running actual benchmark
it has values separately hard-coded in the query metacommands.  This patch
makes the metacommands obtain their values from the relevant #defines.

Patch provided by Jeff Janes.