A couple of places in the planner need to generate whole-row Vars, and were
cutting corners by setting vartype = RECORDOID in the Vars, even in cases
where there's an identifiable named composite type for the RTE being
referenced.  While we mostly got away with this, it failed when there was
also a parser-generated whole-row reference to the same RTE, because the
two Vars weren't equal() due to the difference in vartype.  Fix by
providing a subroutine the planner can call to generate whole-row Vars
the same way the parser does.

Per bug #5716 from Andrew Tipton.  Back-patch to 9.0 where one of the bogus
calls was introduced (the other one is new in HEAD).

Report and diagnosis by Peter Eisentraut.

The GIN code has absolutely no business exporting GIN-specific functions
with names as generic as compareItemPointers() or newScanKey(); that's
just trouble waiting to happen.  I got annoyed about this again just now
and decided to fix it.  This commit ensures that all global symbols
defined in access/gin/ have names including "gin" or "Gin".  There were a
couple of cases, like names involving "PostingItem", where arguably the
names were already sufficiently nongeneric; but I figured as long as I was
risking creating merge problems for unapplied GIN patches I might as well
impose a uniform policy.

I didn't touch any static symbol names.  There might be some places
where it'd be appropriate to rename some static functions to match
siblings that are exported, but I'll leave that for another time.

The better estimate requires more statistics than we previously stored:
in particular, counts of "entry" versus "data" pages within the index,
as well as knowledge of the number of distinct key values.  We collect
this information during initial index build and update it during VACUUM,
storing the info in new fields on the index metapage.  No initdb is
required because these fields will read as zeroes in a pre-existing
index, and the new gincostestimate code is coded to behave (reasonably)
sanely if they are zeroes.

Teodor Sigaev, reviewed by Jan Urbanski, Tom Lane, and Itagaki Takahiro.

Look only at the non-localized part of the output from "vcbuild /?",
which is used to determine the version of Visual Studio in use. Different
languages seem to localize different amounts of the string, but we assume
the part "Microsoft Visual C++" won't be modified.

This is not the hoped-for facility of using INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE inside
a WITH, but rather the other way around.  It seems useful in its own
right anyway.

Note: catversion bumped because, although the contents of stored rules
might look compatible, there's actually a subtle semantic change.
A single Query containing a WITH and INSERT...VALUES now represents
writing the WITH before the INSERT, not before the VALUES.  While it's
not clear that that matters to anyone, it seems like a good idea to
have it cited in the git history for catversion.h.

Original patch by Marko Tiikkaja, with updating and cleanup by
Hitoshi Harada.

Peter Eisentraut, reviewed by KaiGai Kohei and Tom Lane

Author: Quan Zongliang
Documentation updates by David Fetter

Corrupt RADIUS responses were treated as errors and not ignored
(which the RFC2865 states they should be). This meant that a
user with unfiltered access to the network of the PostgreSQL
or RADIUS server could send a spoofed RADIUS response
to the PostgreSQL server causing it to reject a valid login,
provided the attacker could also guess (or brute-force) the
correct port number.

Fix is to simply retry the receive in a loop until the timeout
has expired or a valid (signed by the correct RADIUS server)
packet arrives.

Reported by Alan DeKok in bug #5687.

     * Microsoft reports it is related to mutex failure:
     *   http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-hackers/2010-09/msg00790.php

This patch eliminates the former need to sort the output of an Append scan
when an ordered scan of an inheritance tree is wanted.  This should be
particularly useful for fast-start cases such as queries with LIMIT.

Original patch by Greg Stark, with further hacking by Hans-Jurgen Schonig,
Robert Haas, and Tom Lane.

xgettext is only required when make init-po is run manually; it is not
required for a build.  The intent to handle that was already there, but
the ifdef's were in the wrong place.

A tidy up for recently committed changes to startup latch.

Fujii Masao

Fujii Masao

ecpglib. Instead of parsing the statement just as ask the database server. This
patch removes the whole client side track keeping of the current transaction
status.

to see if a particular privilege has been granted to PUBLIC.

The issue was reported by Jim Nasby.
Patch by Alvaro Herrera, and reviewed by KaiGai Kohei.

We may as well make pgstat_count_heap_scan() and related macros just count
whenever rel->pgstat_info isn't null.  Testing pgstat_track_counts buys
nothing at all in the normal case where that flag is ON; and when it's OFF,
the pgstat_info link will be null, so it's still a useless test.

This change is unlikely to buy any noticeable performance improvement,
but a cycle shaved is a cycle earned; and my investigations earlier today
convinced me that we're down to the point where individual instructions in
the inner execution loops are starting to matter.

This was broken in 9.0 while improving plpython's conversion behavior for
bytea and boolean.  Per bug report from maizi.

The original coding was quite sloppy about handling the case where
XLogReadBuffer fails (because the page has since been deleted).  This
would result in either "bad buffer id: 0" or an Assert failure during
replay, if indeed the page were no longer there.  In a couple of places
it also neglected to check whether the change had already been applied,
which would probably result in corrupted index contents.  I believe that
bug #5703 is an instance of the first problem.  These issues could show up
without replication, but only if you were unfortunate enough to crash
between modification of a GIN index and the next checkpoint.

Back-patch to 8.2, which is as far back as GIN has WAL support.

This patch merges the responsibility for NOT-flattening into
eval_const_expressions' processing.  It wasn't done that way originally
because prepqual.c is far older than eval_const_expressions.  But putting
this work into eval_const_expressions saves one pass over the qual trees,
and in fact saves even more than that because we can exploit the knowledge
that the subexpressions have already been recursively simplified.  Doing it
this way also lets us do it uniformly over all expressions, whereas
prepqual.c formerly just did it at top level to save cycles.  That should
improve the planner's ability to recognize logically-equivalent constructs.

While at it, also add the ability to fold a NOT into BooleanTest and
NullTest constructs (the latter only for the scalar-datatype case).

Per discussion of bug #5702.

Completion is supported in the context of \set and when interpolating
a variable value using :foo etc.

In passing, fix some places in tab-complete.c that weren't following
project style for comment formatting.

Pavel Stehule, reviewed by Itagaki Takahiro

This patch adds the SQL-standard concept of an INSTEAD OF trigger, which
is fired instead of performing a physical insert/update/delete.  The
trigger function is passed the entire old and/or new rows of the view,
and must figure out what to do to the underlying tables to implement
the update.  So this feature can be used to implement updatable views
using trigger programming style rather than rule hacking.

In passing, this patch corrects the names of some columns in the
information_schema.triggers view.  It seems the SQL committee renamed
them somewhere between SQL:99 and SQL:2003.

Dean Rasheed, reviewed by Bernd Helmle; some additional hacking by me.

comment.

Various places were testing TRIGGER_FIRED_BEFORE() where what they really
meant was !TRIGGER_FIRED_AFTER(), or vice versa.  This needs to be cleaned
up because there are about to be more than two possible states.

We might want to note this in the 9.1 release notes as something for
trigger authors to double-check.

For consistency's sake I also changed some places that assumed that
TRIGGER_FIRED_FOR_ROW and TRIGGER_FIRED_FOR_STATEMENT are necessarily
mutually exclusive; that's not in immediate danger of breaking, but
it's still sloppier than it should be.

Extracted from Dean Rasheed's patch for triggers on views.  I'm committing
this separately since it's an identifiable separate issue, and is the
only reason for the patch to touch most of these particular files.

This patch resurrects some of the information that could be logged by the
old, now-dead implementation of VACUUM FULL, in particular counts of live
and dead tuples and the time taken for the table rebuild proper.  There's
still no logging about the ensuing index rebuilds, though.

Itagaki Takahiro

Use a macro LogicalTapeReadExact() to encapsulate the error check when
we want to read an exact number of bytes from a "tape".  Per a suggestion
of Takahiro Itagaki.

... or at least, when the planner's cost estimates say it will be faster.

Leonardo Francalanci, reviewed by Itagaki Takahiro and Tom Lane

This patch eliminates per-chunk palloc overhead for most small allocations
needed in the representation of an ispell dictionary.  This saves close to
a factor of 2 on the current Czech ispell data.  While it doesn't cover
every last small allocation in the ispell code, we are at the point of
diminishing returns, because about 95% of the allocations are covered
already.

Pavel Stehule, rather heavily revised by Tom

Add explicit initialization and cleanup functions to spell.c, and keep
all working state in the already-existing ISpellDict struct.  This lets us
get rid of a static variable along with some extremely shaky assumptions
about usage of child memory contexts.

This commit is just code beautification and has no impact on functionality
or performance, but it opens the way to a less-grotty implementation of
Pavel's memory-saving hack, which will follow shortly.

In versions 8.2 and up, the grammar allows attaching ORDER BY, LIMIT,
FOR UPDATE, or WITH to VALUES, and hence to INSERT ... VALUES.  But the
special-case code for VALUES in transformInsertStmt() wasn't expecting any
of those, and just ignored them, leading to unexpected results.  Rather
than complicate the special-case path, just ensure that the presence of any
of those clauses makes us treat the query as if it had a general SELECT.
Per report from Hitoshi Harada.

Many compilers don't complain about this, but some do, and it's certainly
wrong.  Back-patch to 8.4 where the error was introduced.

Mark Kirkwood

Actually making this case work, if the column is used in the trigger's
WHEN condition, will take some new code that probably isn't appropriate
to back-patch.  For now, just throw a FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED error rather
than allowing control to reach the "unexpected object" case.  Per bug #5688
from Daniel Grace.  Back-patch to 9.0 where the possibility of such a
dependency was introduced.

There are numerous methods by which a Perl or Tcl function can subvert
the behavior of another such function executed later; for example, by
redefining standard functions or operators called by the target function.
If the target function is SECURITY DEFINER, or is called by such a
function, this means that any ordinary SQL user with Perl or Tcl language
usage rights can do essentially anything with the privileges of the target
function's owner.

To close this security hole, create a separate Perl or Tcl interpreter for
each SQL userid under which plperl or pltcl functions are executed within
a session.  However, all plperlu or pltclu functions run within a session
still share a single interpreter, since they all execute at the trust
level of a database superuser anyway.

Note: this change results in a functionality loss when libperl has been
built without the "multiplicity" option: it's no longer possible to call
plperl functions under different userids in one session, since such a
libperl can't support multiple interpreters in one process.  However, such
a libperl already failed to support concurrent use of plperl and plperlu,
so it's likely that few people use such versions with Postgres.

Security: CVE-2010-3433

Need a "return false" to prevent tests from continuing after we've moved
the "query" pointer.  As it stood, it'd accept "DROP DISCARD ALL" as a
match.

The point of a PlaceHolderVar is to allow a non-strict expression to be
evaluated below an outer join, after which its value bubbles up like a Var
and can be forced to NULL when the outer join's semantics require that.
However, there was a serious design oversight in that, namely that we
didn't ensure that there was actually a correct place in the plan tree
to evaluate the placeholder :-(.  It may be necessary to delay evaluation
of an outer join to ensure that a placeholder that should be evaluated
below the join can be evaluated there.  Per recent bug report from Kirill
Simonov.

Back-patch to 8.4 where the PlaceHolderVar mechanism was introduced.