7.4.28.

The latter is considered unwarranted chumminess with the implementation,
and can lead to crashes with recent Perl versions.

Report and fix by Tim Bunce.  Back-patch to all versions containing the
questionable coding pattern.

Samoa, Chile; corrections to recent changes in Paraguay and Bangladesh.

--single-transaction are both used and the failure happens in commit,
e.g. failed deferred trigger.  Also properly free BEGIN/COMMIT result
structures from --single-transaction.

Per report from Dominic Bevacqua

Tim Landscheidt

the GSSAPI libraries crash.

Noted by Zdenek Kotala

Bangladesh, Mexico, Paraguay.

unless (1) the @ isn't quoted and (2) the filename isn't empty.  This guards
against unexpectedly treating usernames or other strings in "flat files"
as inclusion requests, as seen in a recent trouble report from Ed L.
The empty-filename case would be guaranteed to misbehave anyway, because our
subsequent path-munging behavior results in trying to read the directory
containing the current input file.

I think this might finally explain the report at
http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-bugs/2004-05/msg00132.php
of a crash after printing "authentication file token too long, skipping",
since I was able to duplicate that message (though not a crash) on a
platform where stdio doesn't refuse to read directories.  We never got
far in investigating that problem, but now I'm suspicious that the trigger
condition was an @ in the flat password file.

Back-patch to all active branches since the problem can be demonstrated in all
branches except HEAD.  The test case, creating a user named "@", doesn't cause
a problem in HEAD since we got rid of the flat password file.  Nonetheless it
seems like a good idea to not consider quoted @ as a file inclusion spec,
so I changed HEAD too.

set ferror() but never set feof().  This is known to be the case for recent
glibc when trying to read a directory as a file, and might be true for other
platforms/cases too.  Per report from Ed L.  (There is more that we ought to
do about his report, but this is one easily identifiable issue.)

in versions >= 8.3).  The core code is more robust and efficient than what
was there before, and this also reduces risks involved in swapping different
libxml error handler settings.

Before 8.3, there is still some risk of problems if add-on modules such as
Perl invoke libxml without setting their own error handler.  Given the lack
of reports I'm not sure there's a risk in practice, so I didn't take the
step of actually duplicating the core code into older contrib/xml2 branches.
Instead I just tweaked the existing code to ensure it didn't leave a dangling
pointer to short-lived memory when throwing an error.

too, instead of duplicating the functionality (badly).

I renamed xml_init to pg_xml_init, because the former seemed just a bit too
generic to be safe as a global symbol.  I considered likewise renaming
xml_ereport to pg_xml_ereport, but felt that the reference to ereport probably
made it sufficiently PG-centric already.

formats; a null string must not be formatted as a numeric. The more exotic
formats latex and troff also incorrectly formatted all strings as numerics
when numericlocale was on.

Backpatch to 8.1 where numericlocale option was added.

This fixes bug #5355 reported by Andy Lester.

This involves modifying the module to have a stable ABI, that is, the
xslt_process() function still exists even without libxslt.  It throws a
runtime error if called, but doesn't prevent executing the CREATE FUNCTION
call.  This is a good thing anyway to simplify cross-version upgrades.

These are unnecessary and probably dangerous.  I don't see any immediate
risk situations in the core XML support or contrib/xml2 itself, but there
could be issues with external uses of libxml2, and in any case it's an
accident waiting to happen.

Prior to 8.3, these changes are not critical for compatibility with core
Postgres, since core had no libxml2 calls then.  However there is still
a risk if contrib/xml2 is used along with libxml2 functionality in Perl
or other loadable modules.  So back-patch to all versions.

Also back-patch addition of regression tests.  I'm not sure how many of
the cases are interesting without the interaction with core xml code,
but a silly regression test is still better than none at all.

I was afraid to do this when these changes were first made, but now that
8.4 has seen some field use it should be all right to back-patch.  These
changes are really quite necessary in order to give xml.c any hope of
co-existing with loadable modules that also wish to use libxml2.

We had originally made the stronger assumption that NOT A refutes any B
if B implies A, but this fails in three-valued logic, because we need to
prove B is false not just that it's not true.  However the logic does
go through if B is equal to A.

Recognizing this limited case is enough to handle examples that arise when
we have simplified "bool_var = true" or "bool_var = false" to just "bool_var"
or "NOT bool_var".  If we had not done that simplification then the
btree-operator proof logic would have been able to prove that the expressions
were contradictory, but only for identical expressions being compared to the
constants; so handling identical A and B covers all the same cases.

The motivation for doing this is to avoid unexpected asymmetrical behavior
when a partitioned table uses a boolean partitioning column, as in today's
gripe from Dominik Sander.

Back-patch to 8.2, which is as far back as predicate_refuted_by attempts to
do anything at all with NOTs.

how often we do SSL session key renegotiation. Can be set to
0 to disable renegotiation completely, which is required if
a broken SSL library is used (broken patches to CVE-2009-3555
a known cause) or when using a client library that can't do
renegotiation.

The main motivation for changing this is bug #4921, in which it's pointed out
that it's no longer safe to apply ltree operations to the result of
ARRAY(SELECT ...) if the sub-select might return no rows.  Before 8.3,
the ARRAY() construct would return NULL, which might or might not be helpful
but at least it wouldn't result in an error.  Now it returns an empty array
which results in a failure for no good reason, since the ltree operations
are all perfectly capable of dealing with zero-element arrays.

As far as I can find, these ltree functions are the only places where zero
array dimensionality is rejected unnecessarily.

Back-patch to 8.3 to prevent behavioral regression of queries that worked
in older releases.

segment of XLOG_BACKUP_END record even if the the record is placed
at a segment boundary. Furthermore the previous implementation could
return nonexistent segment file name when the boundary is in segments
that has "FE" suffix; We never use segments with "FF" suffix.

Backpatch to 8.0, where hot backup was introduced.

Reported by Fujii Masao.

old memory context in plpython.  Before only one of them was marked
volatile, but per report from Zdenek Kotala, some compilers do the
wrong thing here.

being assigned to, in case the expression to be assigned is a FieldStore that
would need to modify that value.  The need for this was foreseen some time
ago, but not implemented then because we did not have arrays of composites.
Now we do, but the point evidently got overlooked in that patch.  Net result
is that updating a field of an array element doesn't work right, as
illustrated if you try the new regression test on an unpatched backend.
Noted while experimenting with EXPLAIN VERBOSE, which has also got some issues
in this area.

Backpatch to 8.3, where arrays of composites were introduced.

revert prior patch to fsync directories until portability problems exposed by build farm can be sorted out

directory and not just the individual files.

Back-patch to 8.1 -- before that we just called "cp -r" and never
fsynced anything anyways.

that happens to be composite itself.  Per bug #5314 from Oleg Serov.

Backpatch to 8.0 --- 7.4 has got too many other shortcomings in
composite-type support to make this worth worrying about in that branch.

the postgres process has permissions to delete the trigger file, per
suggestion by Mason Hale.

Also fix pg_standby to do a more predictable exit(200) instead of the
current exit(-1) when the unlink of the trigger file fails anyway.

This only affects 8.3 branch. Older versions didn't have pg_standby,
and in 8.4 upwards pg_standby is no longer responsible for deleting the
trigger file; it's supposed to be done by recovery_end_command instead.

exceed the total number of non-dropped source table fields for
dblink_build_sql_*(). Addresses bug report from Rushabh Lathia.

Backpatch all the way to the 7.3 branch.

matching before recursing instead of after.  The DFA match eliminates
unworkable midpoint choices a lot faster than the recursive check, in most
cases, so doing it first can speed things up; particularly in pathological
cases such as recently exhibited by Michael Glaesemann.

In addition, apply some cosmetic changes that were applied upstream (in the
Tcl project) at the same time, in order to sync with upstream version 1.15
of regexec.c.

Upstream apparently intends to backpatch this, so I will too.  The
pathological behavior could be unpleasant if encountered in the field,
which seems to justify any risk of introducing new bugs.

Tom Lane, reviewed by Donal K. Fellows of Tcl project

There was a race condition where the receiving pipe could be closed by the
child thread if the main thread was pre-empted before it got a chance to
create a new one, and the dispatch thread ran to completion during that time.

One symptom of this is that rows in pg_listener could be dropped under
heavy load.

Analysis and original patch by Radu Ilie, with some small
modifications by Magnus Hagander.

Since all current and foreseeable future command tags will be pure ASCII,
there is no need to do conversion on them.  This saves a few cycles and also
avoids polluting otherwise-pristine subtransaction memory contexts, which
is the cause of the backend memory leak exhibited in bug #5302.  (Someday
we'll probably want to have a better method of determining whether
subtransaction contexts need to be kept around, but today is not that day.)

Backpatch to 8.0.  The cycle-shaving aspect of this would work in 7.4
too, but without subtransactions the memory-leak aspect doesn't apply,
so it doesn't seem worth touching 7.4.

You might think this is unnecessary since that interpreter is never used
to run code --- but it turns out that's wrong.  As of Tcl 8.5, the "clock"
command (alone among builtin Tcl commands) is partially implemented by
loaded-on-demand Tcl code, which means that it fails if there's not
unknown-command support, and also that it's impossible to run it directly
in a safe interpreter.  The way they get around the latter is that
Tcl_CreateSlave() automatically sets up an alias command that forwards any
execution of "clock" in a safe slave interpreter to its parent interpreter.
Thus, when attempting to execute "clock" in trusted pltcl, the command
actually executes in the "hold" interpreter, where it will fail if
unknown-command support hasn't been introduced by sourcing the standard
init.tcl script, which is done by Tcl_Init().  (This is a pretty dubious
design decision on the Tcl boys' part, if you ask me ... but they didn't.)

Back-patch all the way.  It's not clear that anyone would try to use ancient
versions of pltcl with a recent Tcl, but it's not clear they wouldn't, either.
Also add a regression test using "clock", in branches that have regression
test support for pltcl.

Per recent trouble report from Kyle Bateman.

AbortTransaction or AbortSubTransaction, when trying to clean up after an
error that prevented (sub)transaction start from completing:
* access to TopTransactionResourceOwner that might not exist
* assert failure in AtEOXact_GUC, if AtStart_GUC not called yet
* assert failure or core dump in AfterTriggerEndSubXact, if
  AfterTriggerBeginSubXact not called yet

Per testing by injecting elog(ERROR) at successive steps in StartTransaction
and StartSubTransaction.  It's not clear whether all of these cases could
really occur in the field, but at least one of them is easily exposed by
simple stress testing, as per my accidental discovery yesterday.