MergeAttributes was used in atpxPart_validate_spec to get the schema and
constraints to make a new leaf partition as part of ADD or SPLIT
PARTITION. It was likely used as a convenience, since it already
existed, and seems like the wrong function for the job.

Previously atpxPart_validate_spec simply hard-coded in false for the relation
persistence since the parameter was simply `isTemp`. Once the options
for relation persistence were expanded to included unlogged, this
paramter was changed to take a relpersistence. In MergeAttributes, for
the part which we actually hit when calling it from here (we pass in the
schema as NIL and therefore hit only half of the MergeAttributes code)
the `supers` parameter is actually that of the parent partition and
includes relpersistence, so, by passing in the relpersistence of the
parent as relpersistence here, the checks we do around relpersistence are
redundant because we are comparing the parent's relpersistence to its
own. However, because, currently, this function is only called when we
are making a new relation that, because we don't allow a different
persistence to be specified for the child would actually just be using
the relpersistence of the parent anyway, by passing it in hard-coded we
would actually be incorrectly assuming that we are creating a permanent
relation always.

Since MergeAttributes was overkill, we wrote a new helper
function, SetSchemaAndConstraints, to get the schema and constraints of
a relation. This function doesn't do very many special validation checks
that may be required by callers when using it in the context of
partition tables (so user beware), however, it is probably only useful
in the context of partition tables because it assumes constraints will
be cooked, which, wouldn't be the case for all relations.
We split it into two smaller inline functions for clarity. We also felt
this would be a useful helper function in general, so we extern'd it.

This commit also sets the relpersistence that is used to make the leaf
partition when adding a new partition or splitting an existing a partition.

makeRangeVar is a function from upstream which is basically a
constructor. It sets relpersistence in the RangeVar to a hard-coded
value of RELPERSISTENCE_PERMANENT. However, because we use the root
partition to get the constraints and column information for the new
leaf, after we use the default construction of the RangeVar, we need to
set the relpersistence to that of the parent.

This commit specifically only sets it back for the case in which we are
adding a partition with `ADD PARTITION` or through `SPLIT PARTITION`.

Without this commit, a leaf partition of an unlogged table created
through `ADD PARTITION` or `SPLIT PARTITION` would incorrectly have its
relpersistence set to permanent.
Co-authored-by: NAlexandra Wang <lewang@pivotal.io>
Co-authored-by: NMelanie Plageman <mplageman@pivotal.io>

The WalSndCtl can have status information for non-mirror walsender
connections, i.e. pg_basebackup connections. Ignore them.
Co-authored-by: NAshwin Agrawal <aagrawal@pivotal.io>

Now that we allow multipl WanSnd objects, FTS probes need to recognize
the WalSnd object corresponding to the mirror.  This is achieved by
defining Greenplum-specific application name "gp_replication".  The
mirrors use this application name as a connection parameter.  Any
other replication connections (backup and log streamer connections
initiated by pg_basebackup) do not use this application name.

Log streamer replication connection initiated by pg_basebackup should
NOT use Grenplum-specific application name.
Co-authored-by: NDavid Kimura <dkimura@pivotal.io>
Co-authored-by: NAdam Berlin <aberlin@pivotal.io>
Co-authored-by: NTaylor Vesely <tvesely@pivotal.io>

This replication slot is used for WAL replication between primary and
mirror segments, and also master and standby.  The replication slot is
created when a mirror / standby segment is initialized using
pg_basebackup.  The replication slot is used by primary to keep track
of the WAL flush location reported by the mirror.  When the mirror
disconnects, it allows the primary to retain enough WAL so that the
mirror can catchup after reconnecting in future.

- defaults max_wal_senders to 10 to allow for basebackup to spin up
senders matching upstream
- defaults max_replication_slots to 10 instead of 0
- changes gp_basebackup to create a replication slot when a slot name is
provided during gpinitsystem
- changes gp_basebackup to use streaming replication during gpinitsystem
- creates and uses replication slot during full recovery

Note: We intend to reason more deeply with the default guc settings in
a later feature.
Co-authored-by: NDavid Kimura <dkimura@pivotal.io>
Co-authored-by: NAsim R P <apraveen@pivotal.io>

This option specifies a replication slot for WAL streaming (-X stream),
so that there can be continuous replication slot use between WAL
streaming during the base backup and the start of regular streaming
replication.
Reviewed-by: NMichael Paquier <michael.paquier@gmail.com>

df19119c eliminate distributed transaction log creation
and maintenance on QD (Only a 32K `pg_distributedlog/0000`
 file exists). Gpexpand will copy data files from
QD to new segments, So in the new segments the oldestXID
 is 3 (loaded from pg_controlfile which copied from QD).

After new segments join the cluster, they will maintain the
oldestXmin, so it will loop to find the page which is in the
distributed transaction log.

If the local transaction ID (xid) is huge on new segments, it will
lead to a hole between 0000 and TransactionIdToPage(xid),
then an error will be raised.

In this commit we truncate the distributedlog with cutoff of oldestxid
on new segments,  then the hole is gone, so the oldestXmin will be
initialized to oldestLocalXmin.

- Include how to make Greenplum within docker accessible to SQL editors
  running on the local machine (outside of docker).
- Update the pip install command so that psutil and lockfile are
  accessible when the make cluster command is executed.

Reviewed-by: NHeikki Linnakangas <hlinnakangas@pivotal.io>
Reviewed-by: NDaniel Gustafsson <dgustafsson@pivotal.io>

cdbpath_motion_for_join() was sometimes returning an incorrect locus for a
join between SingleQE and Hashed loci. This happened, when even the "last
resort" strategy to move hashed side to the single QE failed. This can
happen at least in the query that's added to the regression tests. The
query involves a nested loop join path, when one side is a SingleQE locus
and the other side is a Hashed locus, and there are no join predicates
that can be used to determine the resulting locus.

While we're at it, turn the Assertion that this tripped, and some related
ones at the same place, into elog()s. No need to crash the whole server if
the planner screws up, and it'd be good to perform these sanity checks in
production, too.

The failure of the "last resort" codepath was left unhandled by commit
0522e960. Fixes https://github.com/greenplum-db/gpdb/issues/6643.
Reviewed-by: NPaul Guo <pguo@pivotal.io>

The following identity holds true:

	(A antijoin B on (Pab)) innerjoin C on (Pac)
    	= (A innerjoin C on (Pac)) antijoin B on (Pab)

So we should not enforce join ordering for ANTI. Instead we need to
collapse ANTI join nodes so that they participate fully in the join
order search.

For example:

	select * from a join b on a.i = b.i where
		not exists (select i from c where a.i = c.i);

For this query, the origin join order is "(a innerjoin b) antijoin c". If
we enforce ANTI join ordering, this will be the final join order. But
another join order "(a antijoin c) innerjoin b" is also legal. We should
take this order into consideration and pick a cheaper one.

For LASJ, it is the same as ANTI joins.
Reviewed-by: NHeikki Linnakangas <hlinnakangas@pivotal.io>
Reviewed-by: NMelanie Plageman <mplageman@pivotal.io>

Co-authored-by: NEkta Khanna <ekhanna@pivotal.io>

Co-authored-by: NEkta Khanna <ekhanna@pivotal.io>

With this commit the QE in maintenance mode will ignore the
distributed log and just pretend like single instance postgres.

Without this if starting QE as single instance only, no distributed
snapshot is executed. Due to this distributed oldest xmin points to
oldest datfrozen_xid in system. As a result, vacuum any table results
in HEAP_TUPLE_RECENTLY_DEAD and avoids cleaning up dead rows.
Co-authored-by: NEkta Khanna <ekhanna@pivotal.io>

All lwlocks are stored in MainLWLockArray which is an array of
LWLockPadded structures:

typedef union LWLockPadded
{
  LWLock lock;
  char pad[LWLOCK_PADDED_SIZE];
} LWLockPadded;

The calculation in SyncHTPartLockId to fetch a lwlock is
incorrect because it offsets the array as an LWLock array.
In current code base, it works fine because the size of
LWLock happens to be 32, if structure LWLock get enlarged,
the calculation will mess up.

GPDB always set the REWIND flag for subplans include init plans, in 6195b967,
we enhanced the restriction that if a node is not eager free, we cannot squelch
a node earlier include init plans, this exposes a few hidden bugs: if init plan
contains a motion node that needs to be squelched earlier, the whole query will
get stuck in cdbdisp_checkDispatchResult() because some QEs are still keep
sending tuples.

To resolve this, we use DISPATCH_WAIT_FINISH mode for dispatcher to wait the
dispatch results of init plan, init plan with motion is always executed on
QD and should always be a SELECT-like plan, init plan must already fetched
all the tuples it needed before dispatcher waiting for the QEs,
DISPATCH_WAIT_FINISH is the right mode for init plan.

Co-authored-by: NJimmy Yih <jyih@pivotal.io>

As part of commit dc78e56c, logic for distributed snapshot was modified
to use latestCompletedDxid. This changed the logic from xmax being
inclusive range to not inclusive for visible transactions in snapshot.
Hence, updating the check to return
DISTRIBUTEDSNAPSHOT_COMMITTED_INPROGRESS even for transaction id equal
to global xmax now. Other way to fix is using latestCompletedDxid
without +1 for xmax, but better is to keep logic similar to local
snapshot check and not have xmax in inclusive range of visible
transactions.

This was exposed in CI by test
isolation/results/heap-repeatable-read-vacuum-freeze failing
intermittently.  This was due to isolation framework itself triggering
query on pg_locks to check for deadlocks. This commit adds explicitely
test to cover the scenario.
Co-authored-by: NAshwin Agrawal <aagrawal@pivotal.io>

With commit 8a11bfff, aggressive restart point creation is not performed in gpdb
as well. Since CreateRestartPoint() is not coded to be called from startup
process, GPDB specific code exception was added in past to work correctly for
previous aggressive restart point creations, calls to which could happen via
startup process.

Now given only when gp_replica_check is running restartpoint is created on
checkpoint record, which should be done via checkpointer process. Eliminate any
case of calling CreateRestartPoint() from startup process and thereby remove
GPDB added exception to CreateRestartPoint() and align to upstream code.

The gptransfer behave test was using gpdiff to compare data between the
source and target systems, and was relying on gpdiff to mask row order
differences. However, after 1f44603a, gpdiff no longer recognized the
results as psql result sets, because it did not echo the SELECT statements
to the output. gpdiff expects to see those. Fix, by echoing the
statements, like in pg_regress. That makes the output, if there are any
differences, more readable anyway.

While we're at it, change the gpdiff invocation to produce a unified diff.
If the test fails, because there is a difference, that makes the output
a lot more readable.

The test was using "-- ignore", to cause gpdiff to ignore any differences
in the test output. But after commit 1f44603a, gpdiff doesn't consider
the test's output as a psql result set anymore, so the "-- ignore" directive
doesn't work anymore. Use the more common "-- start_ignore"/"-- end_ignore"
block instead.

(I'm not sure how useful the test is, if we don't check
the output, but thats a different story.)

Previously, Even a connection has been explicitly set to inactive, the old code
might still treat the connection as active if conn->cdbProc is not null and
conn->sndQueue is not empty and increase activeCount. In the next loop, because
conn->stillActive is true, conn->unackQueue or conn->sndQueue are never be
freed and activeCount always be non-zeror and might cause an infinite loop.

Commit 7d7782f1 changed the formatting of result sets slightly in
isolation2 output. I missed changing these expected outputs in that
commit.

Improve the detection of the beginning of a result set. Previously, it
would get confused by comments like "-------", which look a lot like the
beginning of a single-column psql result set. That doesn't matter much,
as long as the test is passing, but if such a test fails, the diff was
very difficult to read, as atmsort reordered the SQL lines, too.

Make the detection more resilient, by looking at the previous line. In a
real psql result set, the previous line should be a header line, like
" col1 | col2 ". A header line begins and ends with spaces, anything else
means that we're seeing a SQL comment rather than a psql result set.

While we're at it, if the "------" line has any leading or trailing
whitespace, it's not a psql result set. I'm not sure why we were lenient
on that, but let's make that more strict, too.
Reviewed-by: NAsim R P <apraveen@pivotal.io>

Why, you might ask? The next commit will modify the code in gpdiff.pl, so
that it doesn't get fooled by "----"-style comments, thinking that they
are psql result sets. A side-effect of that is that it would also no
longer recognize the result sets in the isolation2 output, without this
patch.

It was removed along with file replication, in commit 5c158ff3.

These happen easily when merging code from upstream, that had already been
backported earlier.

To make merging and diffing with upstream easier.

It is created by initdb these days, as hinted by the comment.

In int8.c: No one compiles GPDB with !USE_FLOAT8_BYVAL. I guess it should
work in theory, but it hasn't been tested for ages. This makes int8.c
100% identical to upstream

In ruleutils.c: elog(ERROR) never returns, so this was dead code.

Use guc create_restarpoint_on_ckpt_record_replay to create a restartpoint immediately after replaying a checkpoint record (#6595)
Reviewed-by: NAshwin Agrawal <aagrawal@pivotal.io>
Reviewed-by: NZhenghua Lyu <zlv@pivotal.io>
Reviewed-by: NPaul Guo <pguo@pivotal.io>

Fix fts_recovery_in_progress test failure because pg_rewind runs before timeline id updating after mirror promotion.

This issue was actually seen on PG upstream and was fixed by Heikki in
pg_rewind test case. In gpdb, we are much more automatically using pg_rewind
via gprecoverseg, so we'd better fix that in our own code (gprecoverseg or
pg_rewind). On gpdb, after mirror promotion via fts, the time is possibly not
short before a correct timeline id is flushed into the pg_control file. For
such case, if we do incremental recovery via gprecoverseg, it will succeed but
the target node (new mirror) is still not functional.

commit 484a848a
Author: Heikki Linnakangas <heikki.linnakangas@iki.fi>
Date:   Thu Apr 30 21:57:18 2015 -0700

    Fix pg_rewind regression failure after "fast promotion"

    pg_rewind looks at the control file to determine the server's timeline. If
    the standby performs a "fast promotion", the timeline ID in the control
    file is not updated until the next checkpoint. The startup process requests
    a checkpoint immediately after promotion, so this is unlikely to be an
    issue in the real world, but the regression suite ran pg_rewind so quickly
    after promotion that the checkpoint had not yet completed.

    Reported by Stephen Frost

Without this commit, after initdb datfrozenxid for all databases
remains 3. Ideally, databases should get freezed during initdb as
tools like pg_upgrade make assumptions on the same.
Co-authored-by: NEkta Khanna <ekhanna@pivotal.io>

* docs - first HA updates that use WAL replication.

--Removed references to filerep
--Updated segment instance states to use WAL rep states
--Other misc. updates.

* docs -  HA updates for WAL replication - review comment upates