introduced in rewrite to make CLUSTER MVCC-safe.

in whichever context happens to be current during a call of an xml.c function,
use a dedicated context that will not go away until we explicitly delete it
(which we do at transaction end or subtransaction abort).  This makes recovery
after an error much simpler --- we don't have to individually delete the data
structures created by libxml.  Also, we need to initialize and cleanup libxml
only once per transaction (if there's no error) instead of once per function
call, so it should be a bit faster.  We'll need to keep an eye out for
intra-transaction memory leaks, though.  Alvaro and Tom.

>
> * Add the ability to automatically create materialized views
>
>   Right now materialized views require the user to create triggers on the
>   main table to keep the summary table current.  SQL syntax should be able
>   to manager the triggers and summary table automatically.  A more
>   sophisticated implementation would automatically retrieve from the
>   summary table when the main table is referenced, if possible.
>

This is to avoid uselessly requiring superuser permissions to restore
the dump without errors.  Pretty grotty, but no better alternative seems
available, at least not in the near term.

during transaction abort, per my note from a couple days ago.

we need to be able to swallow NOTICE messages, and potentially also
ParameterStatus messages (although the latter would be a bit weird),
without exiting COPY OUT state.  Fix it, and adjust the protocol documentation
to emphasize the need for this.  Per off-list report from Alexander Galler.

distinguished from user-invoked commands.  Per suggestion from Tom Lane.

higher than zero.  Same problem as just detected in CREATE INDEX
CONCURRENTLY.

Noted while looking for heapscans that might need to start from block
zero.

its second pass over the table.  It has to start at block zero, else the
"merge join" logic for detecting which TIDs are already in the index
doesn't work.  Hence, extend heapam.c's API so that callers can enable or
disable syncscan.  (I put in an option to disable buffer access strategy,
too, just in case somebody needs it.)  Per report from Hannes Dorbath.

'english'.

command IDs.

!      Duplicate positions for the same lexeme are discarded.

Therefore we must xmlCleanupParser(), or we risk leaving behind
dangling pointers to whatever memory context is current when xml_init()
is called.  This seems to fix bug #3860, though we might still want
the more invasive solution being worked on by Alvaro.

SPI_prepare() and SPI_cursor_open(), to silence a Coverity warning.

anyway, it is faster to memcpy() than to strcpy().

constraint yields TRUE for every row of its table, only that it does not
yield FALSE (a NULL result isn't disallowed).  This breaks a couple of
implications that would be true in two-valued logic.  I had put in one such
mistake in an 8.2.5 patch: foo IS NULL doesn't refute a strict operator
on foo.  But there was another in the original 8.2 release: NOT foo doesn't
refute an expression whose truth would imply the truth of foo.
Per report from Rajesh Kumar Mallah.

To preserve the ability to do constraint exclusion with one partition
holding NULL values, extend relation_excluded_by_constraints() to check
for attnotnull flags, and add col IS NOT NULL expressions to the set of
constraints we hope to refute.

checking of argument compatibility right; although the problem is only exposed
with multiple-input aggregates in which some arguments are polymorphic and
some are not.  Per bug #3852 from Sokolov Yura.

for unhandled clause types ought to be 0.5, not 1.0.  I fear I introduced
this silliness due to misreading the intent of the very-poorly-structured
code that was there when we inherited the file from Berkeley.  The lack
of sanity in this behavior was exposed by an example from Sim Zacks.
(Arguably this is a bug fix and should be back-patched, but I'm a bit
hesitant to introduce a possible planner behavior change in the back
branches; it might detune queries that worked acceptably in the past.)

While at it, make estimation for DistinctExpr do something marginally
realistic, rather than just defaulting.

> * Add ability to trigger on TRUNCATE
>
>   http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-sql/2008-01/msg00050.php

clauseless joins of relations that have unexploited join clauses.  Rather
than looking at every other base relation in the query, the correct thing is
to examine the other relations in the "initial_rels" list of the current
make_rel_from_joinlist() invocation, because those are what we actually have
the ability to join against.  This might be a subset of the whole query in
cases where join_collapse_limit or from_collapse_limit or full joins have
prevented merging the whole query into a single join problem.  This is a bit
untidy because we have to pass those rels down through a new PlannerInfo
field, but it's necessary.  Per bug #3865 from Oleg Kharin.

finish archiving everything (when there's no error), and to eliminate various
hazards as best we can.  This fixes a previous 8.3 patch that caused the
postmaster to kill and then restart the archiver during shutdown (!?).

The new behavior is that the archiver is allowed to run unmolested until
the bgwriter has exited; then it is sent SIGUSR2 to tell it to do a final
archiving cycle and quit.  We only SIGQUIT the archiver if we want a panic
stop; this is important since SIGQUIT will also be sent to any active
archive_command.  The postmaster also now doesn't SIGQUIT the stats collector
until the bgwriter is done, since the bgwriter can send stats messages in 8.3.
The postmaster will not exit until both the archiver and stats collector are
gone; this provides some defense (not too bulletproof) against conflicting
archiver or stats collector processes being started by a new postmaster
instance.  We continue the prior practice that the archiver will check
for postmaster death immediately before issuing any archive_command; that
gives some additional protection against conflicting archivers.

Also, modify the archiver process to notice SIGTERM and refuse to issue any
more archive commands if it gets it.  The postmaster doesn't ever send it
SIGTERM; we assume that any such signal came from init and is a notice of
impending whole-system shutdown.  In this situation it seems imprudent to try
to start new archive commands --- if they aren't extremely quick they're
likely to get SIGKILL'd by init.

All per discussion.

Hiroshi Saito

postgresql.conf comment to match.

pg_convert_to.  Per bug #3866 from Andrew Gilligan.

VACUUM that is blocked waiting to get lock on the table being indexed.
Per report and fix suggestion from Greg Stark.

of poorer planning in 8.3 than 8.2:

1. After pushing a constant across an outer join --- ie, given
"a LEFT JOIN b ON (a.x = b.y) WHERE a.x = 42", we can deduce that b.y is
sort of equal to 42, in the sense that we needn't fetch any b rows where
it isn't 42 --- loop to see if any additional deductions can be made.
Previous releases did that by recursing, but I had mistakenly thought that
this was no longer necessary given the EquivalenceClass machinery.

2. Allow pushing constants across outer join conditions even if the
condition is outerjoin_delayed due to a lower outer join.  This is safe
as long as the condition is strict and we re-test it at the upper join.

3. Keep the outer-join clause even if we successfully push a constant
across it.  This is *necessary* in the outerjoin_delayed case, but
even in the simple case, it seems better to do this to ensure that the
join search order heuristics will consider the join as reasonable to
make.  Mark such a clause as having selectivity 1.0, though, since it's
not going to eliminate very many rows after application of the constant
condition.

4. Tweak have_relevant_eclass_joinclause to report that two relations
are joinable when they have vars that are equated to the same constant.
We won't actually generate any joinclause from such an EquivalenceClass,
but again it seems that in such a case it's a good idea to consider
the join as worth costing out.

5. Fix a bug in select_mergejoin_clauses that was exposed by these
changes: we have to reject candidate mergejoin clauses if either side was
equated to a constant, because we can't construct a canonical pathkey list
for such a clause.  This is an implementation restriction that might be
worth fixing someday, but it doesn't seem critical to get it done for 8.3.

builds of libpq in both 32 and 64-bit. Per gripe from Hiroshi Saito.

and grpOperators fields were not emitted by _outAgg().

are moved to SGML.

Also a couple of minor tweaks to try to future-proof the code a bit better
against future locktag additions.