ALTER DOMAIN / DROP CONSTRAINT on a nonexistent constraint name did
not report any error.  Now it reports an error.  The IF EXISTS option
was added to get the usual behavior of ignoring nonexistent objects to
drop.

Certain things like typeglobs or readonly things like $^V cause
perl's SvPVutf8() to die nastily and crash the backend. To avoid
that bug we make a copy of the object, which will subsequently be
garbage collected.

Back patched to 9.1 where we first started using SvPVutf8().

Per -hackers discussion. Original problem reported by David Wheeler.

This list is now freed when the last connection has been closed.

Closes: #6366

As previously coded, the QueryDesc's dest pointer was left dangling
(pointing at an already-freed receiver object) after ExecutorEnd.  It's a
bit astonishing that it took us this long to notice, and I'm not sure that
the known problem case with SQL functions is the only one.  Fix it by
saving and restoring the original receiver pointer, which seems the most
bulletproof way of ensuring any related bugs are also covered.

Per bug #6379 from Paul Ramsey.  Back-patch to 8.4 where the current
handling of SELECT INTO was introduced.

Further testing convinces me that this is helpful at sufficiently high
contention levels, though it's still worrisome that it loses slightly
at lower contention levels.

Per Manabu Ori.

Brar Piening, reviewed by Craig Ringer.

atexit() hook

Because coerce_type recurses into the argument of a CollateExpr,
coerce_to_target_type's longstanding code for detecting whether coerce_type
had actually done anything (to wit, returned a different node than it
passed in) was broken in 9.1.  This resulted in unexpected failures in
hide_coercion_node; which was not the latter's fault, since it's critical
that we never call it on anything that wasn't inserted by coerce_type.
(Else we might decide to "hide" a user-written function call.)

Fix by removing and replacing the CollateExpr in coerce_to_target_type
itself.  This is all pretty ugly but I don't immediately see a way to make
it nicer.

Per report from Jean-Yves F. Barbier.

This is allegedly a win, at least on some PPC implementations, according
to the PPC ISA documents.  However, as with LWARX hints, some PPC
platforms give an illegal-instruction failure.  Use the same trick as
before of assuming that PPC64 platforms will accept it; we might need to
refine that based on experience, but there are other projects doing
likewise according to google.

I did not add an assembler compatibility test because LWSYNC has been
around much longer than hint bits, and it seems unlikely that any
toolchains currently in use don't recognize it.

Previously we defined slock_t as 8 bytes on PPC64, but the TAS assembly
code uses word-wide operations regardless, so that the second word was
just wasted space.  There doesn't appear to be any performance benefit
in adding the second word, so get rid of it to simplify the code.

The hint bit makes for a small but measurable performance improvement
in access to contended spinlocks.

On the other hand, some PPC chips give an illegal-instruction failure.
There doesn't seem to be a completely bulletproof way to tell whether the
hint bit will cause an illegal-instruction failure other than by trying
it; but most if not all 64-bit PPC machines should accept it, so follow
the Linux kernel's lead and assume it's okay to use it in 64-bit builds.
Of course we must also check whether the assembler accepts the command,
since even with a recent CPU the toolchain could be old.

Patch by Manabu Ori, significantly modified by me.

directories.  Per suggestion from Andrew Dunstan.

those files corrupts the index.

Allows streaming replication users to calculate transfer latency
and apply delay via internal functions. No external functions yet.

This reverts commit ff68b256.
The recent change to use -fexcess-precision=standard should make those
Asserts safe, and does fix a test case that formerly crashed for me,
so I think there's no need to have a cross-version difference in the
code here.

to 'make' rather than 'gmake' for the binary name.

The original test cases gave varying results depending on whether the
locale sorts digits before or after letters.  Since that's not really
what we wish to test here, adjust the test data to not contain any strings
beginning with digits.  Per report from Pavel Stehule.

For easier source reading

This is to get a deterministic dump order independent of the order in
which the user mappings were created.

Always compare the return value to 0, don't use cute tricks like
if (!strcmp(...)).

All supported platforms support the C89 standard function atexit()
(SunOS 4 probably being the last one not to), and supporting both
makes the code clumsy.

This is the standard behavior but was forgotten in some places.

That way, the result of a msgmerge is more deterministic and not
dependent on the order in which the files are found.

That way, the created .pot file is more deterministic and not
dependent on the order in which the files are found.

Author: Erik Rijkers

In commit e2c2c2e8 I made use of nested
list structures to show which clauses went with which index columns, but
on reflection that's a data structure that only an old-line Lisp hacker
could love.  Worse, it adds unnecessary complication to the many places
that don't much care which clauses go with which index columns.  Revert
to the previous arrangement of flat lists of clauses, and instead add a
parallel integer list of column numbers.  The places that care about the
pairing can chase both lists with forboth(), while the places that don't
care just examine one list the same as before.

The only real downside to this is that there are now two more lists that
need to be passed to amcostestimate functions in case they care about
column matching (which btcostestimate does, so not passing the info is not
an option).  Rather than deal with 11-argument amcostestimate functions,
pass just the IndexPath and expect the functions to extract fields from it.
That gets us down to 7 arguments which is better than 11, and it seems
more future-proof against likely additions to the information we keep
about an index path.

It's potentially useful for an index to repeat the same indexable column
or expression in multiple index columns, if the columns have different
opclasses.  (If they share opclasses too, the duplicate column is pretty
useless, but nonetheless we've allowed such cases since 9.0.)  However,
the planner failed to cope with this, because createplan.c was relying on
simple equal() matching to figure out which index column each index qual
is intended for.  We do have that information available upstream in
indxpath.c, though, so the fix is to not flatten the multi-level indexquals
list when putting it into an IndexPath.  Then we can rely on the sublist
structure to identify target index columns in createplan.c.  There's a
similar issue for index ORDER BYs (the KNNGIST feature), so introduce a
multi-level-list representation for that too.  This adds a bit more
representational overhead, but we might more or less buy that back by not
having to search for matching index columns anymore in createplan.c;
likewise btcostestimate saves some cycles.

Per bug #6351 from Christian Rudolph.  Likely symptoms include the "btree
index keys must be ordered by attribute" failure shown there, as well as
"operator MMMM is not a member of opfamily NNNN".

Although this is a pre-existing problem that can be demonstrated in 9.0 and
9.1, I'm not going to back-patch it, because the API changes in the planner
seem likely to break things such as index plugins.  The corner cases where
this matters seem too narrow to justify possibly breaking things in a minor
release.

Pavel Stehule

All noted by Jaime Casanova.