VACUUM FULL INPLACE), along with a boatload of subsidiary code and complexity.
Per discussion, the use case for this method of vacuuming is no longer large
enough to justify maintaining it; not to mention that we don't wish to invest
the work that would be needed to make it play nicely with Hot Standby.

Aside from the code directly related to old-style VACUUM FULL, this commit
removes support for certain WAL record types that could only be generated
within VACUUM FULL, redirect-pointer removal in heap_page_prune, and
nontransactional generation of cache invalidation sinval messages (the last
being the sticking point for Hot Standby).

We still have to retain all code that copes with finding HEAP_MOVED_OFF and
HEAP_MOVED_IN flag bits on existing tuples.  This can't be removed as long
as we want to support in-place update from pre-9.0 databases.

as per my recent proposal.

First, teach IndexBuildHeapScan to not wait for INSERT_IN_PROGRESS or
DELETE_IN_PROGRESS tuples to commit unless the index build is checking
uniqueness/exclusion constraints.  If it isn't, there's no harm in just
indexing the in-doubt tuple.

Second, modify VACUUM FULL/CLUSTER to suppress reverifying
uniqueness/exclusion constraint properties while rebuilding indexes of
the target relation.  This is reasonable because these commands aren't
meant to deal with corrupted-data situations.  Constraint properties
will still be rechecked when an index is rebuilt by a REINDEX command.

This gets us out of the problem that new-style VACUUM FULL would often
wait for other transactions while holding exclusive lock on a system
catalog, leading to probable deadlock because those other transactions
need to look at the catalogs too.  Although the real ultimate cause of
the problem is a debatable choice to release locks early after modifying
system catalogs, changing that choice would require pretty serious
analysis and is not something to be undertaken lightly or on a tight
schedule.  The present patch fixes the problem in a fairly reasonable
way and should also improve the speed of VACUUM FULL/CLUSTER a little bit.

platforms.  Per buildfarm.

of shared or nailed system catalogs.  This has two key benefits:

* The new CLUSTER-based VACUUM FULL can be applied safely to all catalogs.

* We no longer have to use an unsafe reindex-in-place approach for reindexing
  shared catalogs.

CLUSTER on nailed catalogs now works too, although I left it disabled on
shared catalogs because the resulting pg_index.indisclustered update would
only be visible in one database.

Since reindexing shared system catalogs is now fully transactional and
crash-safe, the former special cases in REINDEX behavior have been removed;
shared catalogs are treated the same as non-shared.

This commit does not do anything about the recently-discussed problem of
deadlocks between VACUUM FULL/CLUSTER on a system catalog and other
concurrent queries; will address that in a separate patch.  As a stopgap,
parallel_schedule has been tweaked to run vacuum.sql by itself, to avoid
such failures during the regression tests.

checkpoint has happened, and recommend adjusting checkpoint_timeout to
reduce the impact of this.

Alexey Klyukin

author's permission.

Nathan Wagner

Function is simpler too.

If expand_dbname is non-zero and dbname contains an = sign, it is taken as
a conninfo string in exactly the same way as if it had been passed to
PQconnectdb. This is equivalent to the way PQsetdbLogin() works, allowing
PQconnectdbParams() to be a complete alternative.

Also improve the way the new function is called from psql and replace a
previously missed call to PQsetdbLogin() in psql. Additionally use
PQconnectdbParams() for pg_dump and friends, and the bin/scripts
command line utilities such as vacuumdb, createdb, etc.

Finally, update the documentation for the new parameter, as well as the
nuances of precedence in cases where key words are repeated or duplicated
in the conninfo string.

Streamlined array handling code in libecpg a little bit, in the process fixing yet another incorrect log output.

of old and new toast tables can be done either at the logical level (by
swapping the heaps' reltoastrelid links) or at the physical level (by swapping
the relfilenodes of the toast tables and their indexes).  This is necessary
infrastructure for upcoming changes to support CLUSTER/VAC FULL on shared
system catalogs, where we cannot change reltoastrelid.  The physical swap
saves a few catalog updates too.

We unfortunately have to keep the logical-level swap logic because in some
cases we will be adding or deleting a toast table, so there's no possibility
of a physical swap.  However, that only happens as a consequence of schema
changes in the table, which we do not need to support for system catalogs,
so such cases aren't an obstacle for that.

In passing, refactor the cluster support functions a little bit to eliminate
unnecessarily-duplicated code; and fix the problem that while CLUSTER had
been taught to rename the final toast table at need, ALTER TABLE had not.

exceed the total number of non-dropped source table fields for
dblink_build_sql_*(). Addresses bug report from Rushabh Lathia.

Backpatch all the way to the 7.3 branch.

Fixed some typos in ECPG regression test suite that resulted in regression test failures on some architectures.

By Zoltán Böszörményi.

heap_sync() to the callers, because heap_sync() is sometimes called even
if the operation itself is WAL-logged. This eliminates the bogus unlogged
records from CLUSTER that Simon Riggs reported, patch by Fujii Masao.

to standby in streaming replication. While we only have one message type
at the moment, adding a message type header makes this easier to extend.

for the lifespan of the CreateStmt.  Per buildfarm member jaguar.

machines are all rejecting isinf() calls in this file.

DROP USER at the end of the cluster.sql test could fail, if the temp
table created in the previous session hadn't finished getting dropped.
Unluckily, I didn't see this in several repetitions of the parallel
regression tests, but it's popping up on quite a few buildfarm machines.

the relfilenode of currently-not-relocatable system catalogs.

1. Get rid of inval.c's dependency on relfilenode, by not having it emit
smgr invalidations as a result of relcache flushes.  Instead, smgr sinval
messages are sent directly from smgr.c when an actual relation delete or
truncate is done.  This makes considerably more structural sense and allows
elimination of a large number of useless smgr inval messages that were
formerly sent even in cases where nothing was changing at the
physical-relation level.  Note that this reintroduces the concept of
nontransactional inval messages, but that's okay --- because the messages
are sent by smgr.c, they will be sent in Hot Standby slaves, just from a
lower logical level than before.

2. Move setNewRelfilenode out of catalog/index.c, where it never logically
belonged, into relcache.c; which is a somewhat debatable choice as well but
better than before.  (I considered catalog/storage.c, but that seemed too
low level.)  Rename to RelationSetNewRelfilenode.

3. Cosmetic cleanups of some other relfilenode manipulations.

OIDs, avoid random line breaks in strings somebody might grep for.

relations (they don't live in pg_toast).  This caused an Assert failure in
assert-enabled builds.  So far as I can see, in a non-assert build it would
only have messed up the checks for conflicting names, so a failure would be
quite improbable but perhaps not impossible.

the server.

Gets rid of a fairly ugly hack for Solaris, and also provides hostname
and IPV6 support.

All callers of FindConversionByName() already do suitable permissions
checking already apart from this function, but this is not just dead
code removal: the unnecessary permissions check can actually lead to
spurious failures - there's no reason why inability to execute the
underlying function should prohibit renaming the conversion, for example.
(The error messages in these cases were also rather poor:
FindConversion would return InvalidOid, eventually leading to a complaint
that the conversion "did not exist", which was not correct.)

KaiGai Kohei

Backpatch to 8.4.X.

prone to sort differently in different locales, as seen in buildfarm results.
Let's cast to name not text to avoid that.

Patch done by Zoltán Böszörményi.

When a column is renamed, we recursively rename the same column in
all descendent tables.  But if one of those tables also inherits that
column from a table outside the inheritance hierarchy rooted at the
named table, we must throw an error.  The previous coding correctly
prohibited the rename when the parent had inherited the column from
elsewhere, but overlooked the case where the parent was OK but a child
table also inherited the same column from a second, unrelated parent.

For now, not backpatched due to lack of complaints from the field.

KaiGai Kohei, with further changes by me.
Reviewed by Bernd Helme and Tom Lane.