where we started supporting MSVC builds.

Security: CVE-2010-1169

Security: CVE-2010-1169, CVE-2010-1170

that is a regular table or view owned by a superuser.  This prevents a
trojan horse attack whereby any unprivileged SQL user could create such a
table and insert code into it that would then get executed in other users'
sessions whenever they call pltcl functions.

Worse yet, because the code was automatically loaded into both the "normal"
and "safe" interpreters at first use, the attacker could execute unrestricted
Tcl code in the "normal" interpreter without there being any pltclu functions
anywhere, or indeed anyone else using pltcl at all: installing pltcl is
sufficient to open the hole.  Change the initialization logic so that the
"unknown" code is only loaded into an interpreter when the interpreter is
first really used.  (That doesn't add any additional security in this
particular context, but it seems a prudent change, and anyway the former
behavior violated the principle of least astonishment.)

Security: CVE-2010-1170

fundamentally insecure. Instead apply an opmask to the whole interpreter that
imposes restrictions on unsafe operations. These restrictions are much harder
to subvert than is Safe.pm, since there is no container to be broken out of.
Backported to release 7.4.

In releases 7.4, 8.0 and 8.1 this also includes the necessary backporting of
the two interpreters model for plperl and plperlu adopted in release 8.2.

In versions 8.0 and up, the use of Perl's POSIX module to undo its locale
mangling on Windows has become insecure with these changes, so it is
replaced by our own routine, which is also faster.

Nice side effects of the changes include that it is now possible to use perl's
"strict" pragma in a natural way in plperl, and that perl's $a and
$b variables now work as expected in sort routines, and that function
compilation is significantly faster.

Tim Bunce and Andrew Dunstan, with reviews from Alex Hunsaker and
Alexey Klyukin.

Security: CVE-2010-1169

Thom Brown

7.4.29.

Argentina, Australian Antarctic, Bangladesh, Mexico, Morocco, Pakistan,
Palestine, Russia, Syria, Tunisia.  Historical corrections for Taiwan.

Per discussion, if we have PKT in there then PKST should be too.
Also, fix mistaken claim that these abbrevs are not known to zic.

archive_command) as soon as possible, namely just before issuing a new call
of archive_command, even when there is a backlog of files to be archived.
The original coding would only absorb new settings after clearing the backlog
and returning to the outer loop.  Per discussion.

Back-patch to 8.3.  The logic in prior versions is a bit different and it
doesn't seem worth taking any risks of breaking it.

Now validators work properly even when the settings contain
parameters that affect behavior of the function, like search_path.

Reported by Erwin Brandstetter.

Depending on which spec you read, field widths and precisions in %s may be
counted either in bytes or characters.  Our code was assuming bytes, which
is wrong at least for glibc's implementation, and in any case libc might
have a different idea of the prevailing encoding than we do.  Hence, for
portable results we must avoid using anything more complex than just "%s"
unless the string to be printed is known to be all-ASCII.

This patch fixes the cases I could find, including the psql formatting
failure reported by Hernan Gonzalez.  In HEAD only, I also added comments
to some places where it appears safe to continue using "%.*s".

refers to itself (directly or indirectly).  Instead, print a message when
recursion is detected, and don't expand the repeated reference.  Per bug
#5448 from Francis Markham.

Back-patch to 8.0.  Although the issue exists in 7.4 as well, it seems
impractical to fix there because of the lack of any state stack that
could be used to track active expansions.

returns EINVAL for an existing shared memory segment.  Although it's not
terribly sensible, that behavior does meet the POSIX spec because EINVAL
is the appropriate error code when the existing segment is smaller than the
requested size, and the spec explicitly disclaims any particular ordering of
error checks.  Moreover, it does in fact happen on OS X and probably other
BSD-derived kernels.  (We were able to talk NetBSD into changing their code,
but purging that behavior from the wild completely seems unlikely to happen.)
We need to distinguish collision with a pre-existing segment from invalid size
request in order to behave sensibly, so it's worth some extra code here to get
it right.  Per report from Gavin Kistner and subsequent investigation.

Back-patch to all supported versions, since any of them could get used
with a kernel having the debatable behavior.

memory if the result had zero rows, and also if there was any sort of error
while converting the result tuples into Python data.  Reported and partially
fixed by Andres Freund.

Back-patch to all supported versions.  Note: I haven't tested the 7.4 fix.
7.4's configure check for python is so obsolete it doesn't work on my
current machines :-(.  The logic change is pretty straightforward though.

This change was previously committed to HEAD, but the consensus seems to be
in favor of back-patching it.  I'm only backpatching as far as 8.3.X, however,
because it's not clear to me to what degree this advice applies to older
branches, and in any case our first advice to anyone attempting to tune those
versions is likely to be "upgrade".

reload and rotation signals, and a helper thread reads messages from the
pipe and writes them to the log file. However, server code isn't generally
thread-safe, so if both try to do e.g palloc()/pfree() at the same time,
bad things will happen. To fix that, use a critical section (which is like
a mutex) to enforce that only one the threads are active at a time.

the SELECT query in \copy (SELECT ...) commands.  This is unnecessary and
breaks numeric literals, as seen in bug #5411 from Vitalii Tymchyshyn.

This change has already been made in passing in HEAD; backpatch to 8.2
through 8.4 (earlier releases don't have COPY (SELECT ...) at all).

backpatched to 8.1, where this first appeared

relcache reload works.  In the patched code, a relcache entry in process of
being rebuilt doesn't get unhooked from the relcache hash table; which means
that if a cache flush occurs due to sinval queue overrun while we're
rebuilding it, the entry could get blown away by RelationCacheInvalidate,
resulting in crash or misbehavior.  Fix by ensuring that an entry being
rebuilt has positive refcount, so it won't be seen as a target for removal
if a cache flush occurs.  (This will mean that the entry gets rebuilt twice
in such a scenario, but that's okay.)  It appears that the problem can only
arise within a transaction that has previously reassigned the relfilenode of
a pre-existing table, via TRUNCATE or a similar operation.  Per bug #5412
from Rusty Conover.

Back-patch to 8.2, same as the patch that introduced the problem.
I think that the failure can't actually occur in 8.2, since it lacks the
rd_newRelfilenodeSubid optimization, but let's make it work like the later
branches anyway.

Patch by Heikki, slightly editorialized on by me.

to one that's up to date with Windows 2003R2.

Windows timezone name where the information in the registry is
incomplete, instead of aborting.

This fixes cases when the registry information is incomplete for
a timezone that is alphabetically before the one that is in use.

Per report from Alexander Forschner

case the registry data doesn't follow the format we expect, to facilitate
debugging.

Sync perl's ppport.h on all branches back to 7.4 with recent update on HEAD, ensuring we can build older branches with modern Perl installations.

reasonably promptly, by adding CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS in the per-page loops.

Tatsuhito Kasahara

Windows, thanks to a feature in CRT called Parameter Validation.

Backpatch to 8.2, which is the oldest version supported on Windows. In
8.2 and 8.3 also backpatch the earlier change to use DEVNULL instead of
NULL_DEV #define for a /dev/null-like device. NULL_DEV was hard-coded to
"/dev/null" regardless of platform, which didn't work on Windows, while
DEVNULL works on all platforms. Restarting syslogger didn't work on
Windows on versions 8.3 and below because of that.

unsatisfiable query, such as indexcol && empty_array.  It should return -1
to tell GIN no scan is required; but silly typo disabled the logic for that,
resulting in unnecessary "GIN indexes do not support whole-index scans" error.
Per bug report from Jeff Trout.

Back-patch to 8.3 where the logic was introduced.

by a superuser -- "ALTER USER f RESET setting" already disallows removing such a
setting.

Apply the same treatment to ALTER DATABASE d RESET ALL when run by a database
owner that's not superuser.

so that we won't try to attach any context printouts to messages that get
emitted while exiting.  Per report from Dennis Koegel, the context functions
won't necessarily work after we've started shutting down the backend, and it
seems possible that debug_query_string could be pointing at freed storage
as well.  The context information doesn't seem particularly relevant to
such messages anyway, so there's little lost by suppressing it.

Back-patch to all supported branches.  I can only demonstrate a crash with
log_disconnections messages back to 8.1, but the risk seems real in 8.0 and
before anyway.

Fujii Masao

tag 8.3.10

7.4.28.

The latter is considered unwarranted chumminess with the implementation,
and can lead to crashes with recent Perl versions.

Report and fix by Tim Bunce.  Back-patch to all versions containing the
questionable coding pattern.

Samoa, Chile; corrections to recent changes in Paraguay and Bangladesh.

--single-transaction are both used and the failure happens in commit,
e.g. failed deferred trigger.  Also properly free BEGIN/COMMIT result
structures from --single-transaction.

Per report from Dominic Bevacqua

Tim Landscheidt