Add -U, -P, -C options. See README.pgbench for more details.

contrib/pgbench/README.pgbench

-pgbench 1.2 README		2000/1/15 Tatsuo Ishii (t-ishii@sra.co.jp)
+pgbench 1.3 README		2001/09/09 Tatsuo Ishii (t-ishii@sra.co.jp)
 
 o What is pgbench?
 
@@ -101,6 +101,15 @@ o options
 		(10,000,000) tuples in the accounts table.
 		default is 1.
 
+        -U login
+		Specify db user's login name if it is different from
+		the Unix login name.
+
+	-P password
+		Specify the db password. CAUTION: using this option
+		might be a security hole since ps command will
+		show the password. Use this for TESTING PURPOSE ONLY.
+
 	-n
 		No vacuuming and cleaning the history table prior the
 		test is performed.
@@ -113,6 +122,11 @@ o options
 	-S
 		Perform select only transactions instead of TPC-B.
 
+        -C
+		Establish connection for each transaction, rather than
+		doing it just once at begining of pgbench in the normal
+		mode. This is usefull to measure the connection overhead.
+
 	-d
 		debug option.
 
@@ -139,6 +153,9 @@ Basically it is same as BSD license. See pgbench.c for more details.
 
 o History
 
+2001/09/09
+	* Add -U, -P, -C options
+
 2000/1/15 pgbench-1.2 contributed to PostgreSQL
 	* Add -v option
 

contrib/pgbench/README.pgbench_jis

-pgbench 1.2 README		2000/1/15 Tatsuo Ishii (t-ishii@sra.co.jp)
+pgbench 1.3 README		2001/09/09 Tatsuo Ishii (t-ishii@sra.co.jp)
 
 $B"#(Bpgbench $B$H$O!)(B
 
-pgbench $B$O(B TPC-B$B$K;w$?%Y%s%A%^!<%/%F%9%H$r9T$J$&%W%m%0%i%`$G$9!#:#$N$H(B
-$B$3$m(B PostgreSQL $B@lMQ$G$9!#(B
+pgbench $B$O(B TPC-B$B$K;w$?%Y%s%A%^!<%/%F%9%H$r9T$J$&%W%m%0%i%`$G$9!%:#$N$H(B
+$B$3$m(B PostgreSQL $B@lMQ$G$9!%(B
 
-pgbench $B$O(B select/update/insert $B$r4^$`%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s$r<B9T$7!"A4BN$N(B
+pgbench $B$O(B select/update/insert $B$r4^$`%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s$r<B9T$7!$A4BN$N(B
 $B<B9T;~4V$H<B:]$K40N;$7$?%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s$N?t$+$i(B 1 $BIC4V$K<B9T$G$-$?%H(B
-$B%i%s%6%/%7%g%s?t(B (tps) $B$rI=<($7$^$9!#=hM}$NBP>]$H$J$k%F!<%V%k$O%G%U%)(B
-$B%k%H$G$O(B 10$BK|%?%W%k$N%G!<%?$r4^$_$^$9!#(B
+$B%i%s%6%/%7%g%s?t(B (tps) $B$rI=<($7$^$9!%=hM}$NBP>]$H$J$k%F!<%V%k$O%G%U%)(B
+$B%k%H$G$O(B 10$BK|%?%W%k$N%G!<%?$r4^$_$^$9!%(B
 
-$B<B:]$NI=<($O0J2<$N$h$&$J46$8$G$9!#(B
+$B<B:]$NI=<($O0J2<$N$h$&$J46$8$G$9!%(B
 
 number of clients: 4
 number of transactions per client: 100
@@ -18,16 +18,16 @@ number of processed transactions: 400/400
 tps = 19.875015(including connections establishing)
 tps = 20.098827(excluding connections establishing)
 
-pgbench $B$O(B JDBCBench $B$H$$$&!"$b$H$b$H$O(B MySQL $BMQ$K=q$+$l$?(B JDBC $BMQ$N%Y(B
-$B%s%A%^!<%/%W%m%0%i%`$r;29M$K:n@.$5$l$^$7$?!#(B
+pgbench $B$O(B JDBCBench $B$H$$$&!$$b$H$b$H$O(B MySQL $BMQ$K=q$+$l$?(B JDBC $BMQ$N%Y(B
+$B%s%A%^!<%/%W%m%0%i%`$r;29M$K:n@.$5$l$^$7$?!%(B
 
 $B"#(Bpgbench $B$NFCD'(B
 
-o C $B8@8l$H(B libpq $B$@$1$G=q$+$l$F$$$k$N$G0\?"@-$,9b$/!"4JC1$K%$%s%9%H!<(B
-$B%k$G$-$^$9!#(B
+o C $B8@8l$H(B libpq $B$@$1$G=q$+$l$F$$$k$N$G0\?"@-$,9b$/!$4JC1$K%$%s%9%H!<(B
+$B%k$G$-$^$9!%(B
 
 o pgbench $B$O(B libpq $B$NHsF14|=hM}5!G=$r;H$C$F%^%k%A%f!<%64D6-$r%7%_%e%l!<(B
-$B%H$7$^$9!#MF0W$KF1;~@\B34D6-$r%F%9%H$G$-$^$9!#(B
+$B%H$7$^$9!%MF0W$KF1;~@\B34D6-$r%F%9%H$G$-$^$9!%(B
 
 $B"#(Bpgbench $B$N%$%s%9%H!<%k(B
 
@@ -46,61 +46,72 @@ o pgbench $B$O(B libpq $B$NHsF14|=hM}5!G=$r;H$C$F%^%k%A%f!<%64D6-$r%7%_%e%l!<
 
 $ pgbench [$B%G!<%?%Y!<%9L>(B]
 
-$B$G$9!#%G!<%?%Y!<%9L>$r>JN,$9$k$H!"%f!<%6L>$HF1$8%G!<%?%Y!<%9$r;XDj$7$?(B
-$B$b$N$H$_$J$7$^$9!#%G!<%?%Y!<%9$O8e=R$N(B -i $B%*%W%7%g%s$r;H$C$F$"$i$+$8$a(B
-$B=i4|2=$7$F$*$/I,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
+$B$G$9!%%G!<%?%Y!<%9L>$r>JN,$9$k$H!$%f!<%6L>$HF1$8%G!<%?%Y!<%9$r;XDj$7$?(B
+$B$b$N$H$_$J$7$^$9!%%G!<%?%Y!<%9$O8e=R$N(B -i $B%*%W%7%g%s$r;H$C$F$"$i$+$8$a(B
+$B=i4|2=$7$F$*$/I,MW$,$"$j$^$9!%(B
 
-pgbench $B$K$O$$$m$$$m$J%*%W%7%g%s$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
+pgbench $B$K$O$$$m$$$m$J%*%W%7%g%s$,$"$j$^$9!%(B
 
 -h $B%[%9%HL>(B	PostgreSQL$B$N%G!<%?%Y!<%9%G!<%b%s(B postmaster $B$NF0(B
-		$B$$$F$$$k%[%9%HL>$r;XDj$7$^$9!#>JN,$9$k$H<+%[%9%H$K(B Unix domain
-		socket $B$G@\B3$7$^$9!#(B
+		$B$$$F$$$k%[%9%HL>$r;XDj$7$^$9!%>JN,$9$k$H<+%[%9%H$K(B Unix domain
+		socket $B$G@\B3$7$^$9!%(B
 
--p $B%]!<%HHV9f(B	postmaster $B$N;HMQ$9$k%]!<%HHV9f$r;XDj$7$^$9!#>JN,$9$k$H(B 5432
-		$B$,;XDj$5$l$?$b$N$H$_$J$7$^$9!#(B
+-p $B%]!<%HHV9f(B	postmaster $B$N;HMQ$9$k%]!<%HHV9f$r;XDj$7$^$9!%>JN,$9$k$H(B 5432
+		$B$,;XDj$5$l$?$b$N$H$_$J$7$^$9!%(B
 
--c $B%/%i%$%"%s%H?t(B	$BF1;~<B9T%/%i%$%"%s%H?t$r;XDj$7$^$9!#>JN,;~$O(B
-			1 $B$H$J$j$^$9!#(Bpgbench $B$OF1;~<B9T%/%i%$%"%s%HKh$K(B
-			$B%U%!%$%k%G%#%9%/%j%W%?$r;HMQ$9$k$N$G!";HMQ2DG=(B
+-c $B%/%i%$%"%s%H?t(B	$BF1;~<B9T%/%i%$%"%s%H?t$r;XDj$7$^$9!%>JN,;~$O(B
+			1 $B$H$J$j$^$9!%(Bpgbench $B$OF1;~<B9T%/%i%$%"%s%HKh$K(B
+			$B%U%!%$%k%G%#%9%/%j%W%?$r;HMQ$9$k$N$G!$;HMQ2DG=(B
 			$B%U%!%$%k%G%#%9%/%j%W%??t$r1[$($k%/%i%$%"%s%H?t$O(B
-			$B;XDj$G$-$^$;$s!#;HMQ2DG=%U%!%$%k%G%#%9%/%j%W%??t(B
-			$B$O(B limit $B$d(B ulimit $B%3%^%s%I$GCN$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
+			$B;XDj$G$-$^$;$s!%;HMQ2DG=%U%!%$%k%G%#%9%/%j%W%??t(B
+			$B$O(B limit $B$d(B ulimit $B%3%^%s%I$GCN$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!%(B
 
 -t $B%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s?t(B	$B3F%/%i%$%"%s%H$,<B9T$9$k%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s?t$r(B
-			$B;XDj$7$^$9!#>JN,;~$O(B 10 $B$H$J$j$^$9!#(B
+			$B;XDj$7$^$9!%>JN,;~$O(B 10 $B$H$J$j$^$9!%(B
 
 -s $B%9%1!<%j%s%0%U%!%/%?!<(B
 
-		-i $B%*%W%7%g%s$H0l=o$K;HMQ$7$^$9!#(B
-		$B%9%1!<%j%s%0%U%!%/%?!<$O(B1$B0J>e$N@0?t!#%9%1!<%j%s%0%U%!(B
-		$B%/%?!<$rJQ$($k$3$H$K$h$j!"%F%9%H$NBP>]$H$J$k%F!<%V%k$N(B
-		$BBg$-$5$,(B 10$BK|(B x [$B%9%1!<%j%s%0%U%!%/%?!<(B]$B$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
-		$B%G%U%)%k%H$N%9%1!<%j%s%0%U%!%/%?!<$O(B 1 $B$G$9!#(B
+		-i $B%*%W%7%g%s$H0l=o$K;HMQ$7$^$9!%(B
+		$B%9%1!<%j%s%0%U%!%/%?!<$O(B1$B0J>e$N@0?t!%%9%1!<%j%s%0%U%!(B
+		$B%/%?!<$rJQ$($k$3$H$K$h$j!$%F%9%H$NBP>]$H$J$k%F!<%V%k$N(B
+		$BBg$-$5$,(B 10$BK|(B x [$B%9%1!<%j%s%0%U%!%/%?!<(B]$B$K$J$j$^$9!%(B
+		$B%G%U%)%k%H$N%9%1!<%j%s%0%U%!%/%?!<$O(B 1 $B$G$9!%(B
 
--v		$B$3$N%*%W%7%g%s$r;XDj$9$k$H!"%Y%s%A%^!<%/3+;OA0$K(B vacuum $B$H(B
-		history $B$N%/%j%"$r9T$J$$$^$9!#(B-v $B$H(B -n $B$r>JN,$9$k$H!"(B
-		$B:G>.8B$N(B vacuum $B$J$I$r9T$$$^$9!#$9$J$o$A!"(Bhistory $B$N:o=|!"(B
-		$B$H(B history, branches, history $B$N(B vacuum $B$r9T$$$^$9!#(B
-		$B$3$l$O!"(Bvacuum $B$N;~4V$r:G>.8B$K$7$J$,$i!"%Q%U%)!<%^%s%9$K(B
-		$B1F6A$9$k%4%_A]=|$r8z2LE*$K9T$$$^$9!#DL>o$O(B -v $B$H(B -n $B$r(B
-		$B>JN,$9$k$3$H$r$*$9$9$a$7$^$9!#(B
+-U login	DB$B%f!<%6$N%m%0%$%sL>$r;XDj$7$^$9!%(B
 
--n		$B$3$N%*%W%7%g%s$r;XDj$9$k$H!"%Y%s%A%^!<%/3+;OA0$K(B vacuum $B$H(B
-		history $B$N%/%j%"$r9T$J$$$^$;$s!#(B
+-P password	$B%Q%9%o!<%I$r;XDj$7$^$9!%$J$*!$$3$N%*%W%7%g%s$r;H$&$H!$(B
+		$B%Q%9%o!<%I$r(Bps$B%3%^%s%I$G8+$i$l$k$J$I!$%;%-%e%j%F%#%[!<(B
+		$B%k$K$J$k2DG=@-$,$"$k$N$G!$%F%9%HMQ$K$N$_$*;H$$2<$5$$!%(B
 
--S		TPC-B$B$N%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s$G$O$J$/!"8!:w$N$_$N%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s$r(B
-		$B<B9T$7$^$9!#8!:w%9%T!<%I$rB,Dj$7$?$$$H$-$K;H$$$^$9!#(B
+-n		$B$3$N%*%W%7%g%s$r;XDj$9$k$H!$%Y%s%A%^!<%/3+;OA0$K(B vacuum $B$H(B
+		history $B$N%/%j%"$r9T$J$$$^$;$s!%(B
 
--d		$B%G%P%C%0%*%W%7%g%s!#MM!9$J>pJs$,I=<($5$l$^$9!#(B
+-v		$B$3$N%*%W%7%g%s$r;XDj$9$k$H!$%Y%s%A%^!<%/3+;OA0$K(B vacuum $B$H(B
+		history $B$N%/%j%"$r9T$J$$$^$9!%(B-v $B$H(B -n $B$r>JN,$9$k$H!$(B
+		$B:G>.8B$N(B vacuum $B$J$I$r9T$$$^$9!%$9$J$o$A!$(Bhistory $B$N:o=|!$(B
+		$B$H(B history, branches, history $B$N(B vacuum $B$r9T$$$^$9!%(B
+		$B$3$l$O!$(Bvacuum $B$N;~4V$r:G>.8B$K$7$J$,$i!$%Q%U%)!<%^%s%9$K(B
+		$B1F6A$9$k%4%_A]=|$r8z2LE*$K9T$$$^$9!%DL>o$O(B -v $B$H(B -n $B$r(B
+		$B>JN,$9$k$3$H$r$*$9$9$a$7$^$9!%(B
+
+-S		TPC-B$B$N%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s$G$O$J$/!$8!:w$N$_$N%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s$r(B
+		$B<B9T$7$^$9!%8!:w%9%T!<%I$rB,Dj$7$?$$$H$-$K;H$$$^$9!%(B
+
+-C		$B$3$N%*%W%7%g%s$r;XDj$9$k$H!$:G=i$K3NN)$7$?%3%M%/%7%g%s(B
+		$B$r;H$$2s$9$N$G$O$J$/!$3F%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s$4$H$K(BDB$B$X$N@\(B
+		$BB3$r9T$$$^$9!%%3%M%/%7%g%s$N%*!<%P!<$X%C%I$rB,Dj$9$k$N(B
+		$B$KM-8z$G$9!%(B
+
+-d		$B%G%P%C%0%*%W%7%g%s!%MM!9$J>pJs$,I=<($5$l$^$9!%(B
 
 $B"#%G!<%?%Y!<%9$N=i4|2=(B
 
-pgbench $B$G%Y%s%A%^!<%/%F%9%H$r<B;\$9$k$?$a$K$O!"$"$i$+$8$a%G!<%?%Y!<%9(B
-$B$r=i4|2=$7!"%F%9%H%G!<%?$r:n$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
+pgbench $B$G%Y%s%A%^!<%/%F%9%H$r<B;\$9$k$?$a$K$O!$$"$i$+$8$a%G!<%?%Y!<%9(B
+$B$r=i4|2=$7!$%F%9%H%G!<%?$r:n$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!%(B
 
 $ pgbench -i [$B%G!<%?%Y!<%9L>(B]
 
-$B$3$l$K$h$j0J2<$N%F!<%V%k$,:n$i$l$^$9(B($B%9%1!<%j%s%0%U%!%/%?!<(B == 1 $B$N>l9g(B)$B!#(B
+$B$3$l$K$h$j0J2<$N%F!<%V%k$,:n$i$l$^$9(B($B%9%1!<%j%s%0%U%!%/%?!<(B == 1 $B$N>l9g(B)$B!%(B
 
 $B!vCm0U!v(B
 $BF1$8L>A0$N%F!<%V%k$,$"$k$H:o=|$5$l$F$7$^$&$N$G$4Cm0U2<$5$$!*!*(B
@@ -112,9 +123,9 @@ tellers		10
 accounts	100000
 history		0
 
-$B%9%1!<%j%s%0%U%!%/%?!<$r(B 10,100,1000 $B$J$I$KJQ99$9$k$H!">e5-%?%W%k?t$O(B
-$B$=$l$K1~$8$F(B10$BG\!"(B100$BG\!"(B1000$BG\$K$J$j$^$9!#$?$H$($P!"%9%1!<%j%s%0%U%!(B
-$B%/%?!<$r(B 10 $B$H$9$k$H!"(B
+$B%9%1!<%j%s%0%U%!%/%?!<$r(B 10,100,1000 $B$J$I$KJQ99$9$k$H!$>e5-%?%W%k?t$O(B
+$B$=$l$K1~$8$F(B10$BG\!$(B100$BG\!$(B1000$BG\$K$J$j$^$9!%$?$H$($P!$%9%1!<%j%s%0%U%!(B
+$B%/%?!<$r(B 10 $B$H$9$k$H!$(B
 
 $B%F!<%V%kL>(B	$B%?%W%k?t(B
 -------------------------
@@ -123,28 +134,28 @@ tellers		100
 accounts	1000000
 history		0
 
-$B$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
+$B$K$J$j$^$9!%(B
 
 $B"#!V%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s!W$NDj5A(B
 
-pgbench $B$G$O!"0J2<$N%7!<%1%s%9$rA4It40N;$7$F(B1$B%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s$H?t$($F(B
-$B$$$^$9!#(B
+pgbench $B$G$O!$0J2<$N%7!<%1%s%9$rA4It40N;$7$F(B1$B%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s$H?t$($F(B
+$B$$$^$9!%(B
 
 (1) begin;
 
 (2) update accounts set abalance = abalance + :delta where aid = :aid;
-    $B$3$3$G!"(B:delta$B$O(B1$B$+$i(B1000$B$^$G$NCM$r<h$kMp?t!"(B:aid $B$O(B 1$B$+$i(B100000$B$^$G(B
-    $B$NCM$r<h$kMp?t$G$9!#0J2<!"Mp?t$NCM$O$=$l$>$l$3$N%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s$N(B
-    $BCf$G$OF1$8CM$r;H$$$^$9!#(B
+    $B$3$3$G!$(B:delta$B$O(B1$B$+$i(B1000$B$^$G$NCM$r<h$kMp?t!$(B:aid $B$O(B 1$B$+$i(B100000$B$^$G(B
+    $B$NCM$r<h$kMp?t$G$9!%0J2<!$Mp?t$NCM$O$=$l$>$l$3$N%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s$N(B
+    $BCf$G$OF1$8CM$r;H$$$^$9!%(B
 
 (3) select abalance from accounts where aid = :aid;
-    $B$3$3$G$O(B1$B7o$@$18!:w$5$l$^$9!#(B
+    $B$3$3$G$O(B1$B7o$@$18!:w$5$l$^$9!%(B
 
 (4) update tellers set tbalance = tbalance + :delta where tid = :tid;
-    $B$3$3$G(B :tid $B$O(B 1$B$+$i(B10$B$N4V$NCM$r$H$kMp?t$G$9!#(B
+    $B$3$3$G(B :tid $B$O(B 1$B$+$i(B10$B$N4V$NCM$r$H$kMp?t$G$9!%(B
 
 (5) update branches set bbalance = bbalance + :delta where bid = :bid;
-    $B$3$3$G(B :bid $B$O(B 1 $B$+$i(B[$B%9%1%j%s%0%U%!%/%?!<(B]$B$N4V$NCM$r<h$kMp?t$G$9!#(B
+    $B$3$3$G(B :bid $B$O(B 1 $B$+$i(B[$B%9%1%j%s%0%U%!%/%?!<(B]$B$N4V$NCM$r<h$kMp?t$G$9!%(B
 
 (6) insert into history(tid,bid,aid,delta) values(:tid,:bid,:aid,:delta);
 
@@ -152,13 +163,16 @@ pgbench $B$G$O!"0J2<$N%7!<%1%s%9$rA4It40N;$7$F(B1$B%H%i%s%6%/%7%g%s$H?t$($F(
 
 $B"#:n<T$H%i%$%;%s%9>r7o(B
 
-pgbench $B$O@P0f(B $BC#IW$K$h$C$F=q$+$l$^$7$?!#%i%$%;%s%9>r7o$O(B pgbench.c $B$N(B
-$BKAF,$K=q$$$F$"$j$^$9!#$3$N>r7o$r<i$k8B$jL5=~$GMxMQ$7!"$^$?<+M3$K:FG[IU(B
-$B$G$-$^$9!#(B
+pgbench $B$O@P0f(B $BC#IW$K$h$C$F=q$+$l$^$7$?!%%i%$%;%s%9>r7o$O(B pgbench.c $B$N(B
+$BKAF,$K=q$$$F$"$j$^$9!%$3$N>r7o$r<i$k8B$jL5=~$GMxMQ$7!$$^$?<+M3$K:FG[IU(B
+$B$G$-$^$9!%(B
 
 $B"#2~DjMzNr(B
 
-2000/1/15 pgbench-1.2 $B$O(B PostgreSQL $B$K(B contribute $B$5$l$^$7$?!#(B
+2001/09/09
+	* PostgreSQL 7.2$BMQ$K!$(B-U, -P, -C $B%*%W%7%g%s$rDI2C$7$^$7$?!%(B
+
+2000/1/15 pgbench-1.2 $B$O(B PostgreSQL $B$K(B contribute $B$5$l$^$7$?!%(B
 	* -v $B%*%W%7%g%sDI2C(B
 
 1999/09/29 pgbench-1.1 $B%j%j!<%9(B

contrib/pgbench/pgbench.c

 /*
- * $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/contrib/pgbench/pgbench.c,v 1.9 2001/08/01 01:08:17 ishii Exp $
+ * $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/contrib/pgbench/pgbench.c,v 1.10 2001/09/09 03:15:56 ishii Exp $
  *
  * pgbench: a simple TPC-B like benchmark program for PostgreSQL
  * written by Tatsuo Ishii
@@ -67,6 +67,16 @@ int			tps = 1;
 
 int			remains;			/* number of remained clients */
 
+int			is_connect;			/* establish connection  for each transactoin */
+
+char	   *pghost = "";
+char	   *pgport = NULL;
+char	   *pgoptions = NULL;
+char	   *pgtty = NULL;
+char	   *login = NULL;
+char	   *pwd = NULL;
+char	   *dbName;
+
 typedef struct
 {
 	PGconn	   *con;			/* connection handle to DB */
@@ -85,8 +95,8 @@ typedef struct
 static void
 usage()
 {
-	fprintf(stderr, "usage: pgbench [-h hostname][-p port][-c nclients][-t ntransactions][-s scaling_factor][-n][-v][-S][-d][dbname]\n");
-	fprintf(stderr, "(initialize mode): pgbench -i [-h hostname][-p port][-s scaling_factor][-d][dbname]\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "usage: pgbench [-h hostname][-p port][-c nclients][-t ntransactions][-s scaling_factor][-n][-C][-v][-S][-U login][-P password][-d][dbname]\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "(initialize mode): pgbench -i [-h hostname][-p port][-s scaling_factor][-U login][-P password][-d][dbname]\n");
 }
 
 /* random number generator */
@@ -96,6 +106,34 @@ getrand(int min, int max)
 	return (min + (int) (max * 1.0 * rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1.0)));
 }
 
+/* set up a connection to the backend */
+static PGconn *doConnect()
+{
+    PGconn *con;
+
+    con = PQsetdbLogin(pghost, pgport, pgoptions, pgtty, dbName,
+				login, pwd);
+    if (con == NULL)
+    {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database '%s' failed.\n", dbName);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Memory allocatin problem?\n");
+	return(NULL);
+    }
+    
+    if (PQstatus(con) == CONNECTION_BAD)
+    {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database '%s' failed.\n", dbName);
+
+	if (PQerrorMessage(con))
+	    fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
+	else
+	    fprintf(stderr, "No explanation from the backend\n");
+
+	return(NULL);
+    }
+    return (con);
+}
+
 /* throw away response from backend */
 static void
 discard_response(CState * state)
@@ -110,6 +148,7 @@ discard_response(CState * state)
 	} while (res);
 }
 
+/* check to see if the SQL result was good */
 static int
 check(CState * state, PGresult *res, int n, int good)
 {
@@ -123,7 +162,7 @@ check(CState * state, PGresult *res, int n, int good)
 		st->con = NULL;
 		return (-1);
 	}
-	return (0);
+	return (0);	/* OK */
 }
 
 /* process a transaction */
@@ -201,11 +240,20 @@ doOne(CState * state, int n, int debug)
 				PQclear(res);
 				discard_response(st);
 
+				if (is_connect)
+				{
+				    PQfinish(st->con);
+				    st->con = NULL;
+				}
+
 				if (++st->cnt >= nxacts)
 				{
 					remains--;	/* I've done */
-					PQfinish(st->con);
-					st->con = NULL;
+					if (st->con != NULL)
+					{
+					    PQfinish(st->con);
+					    st->con = NULL;
+					}
 					return;
 				}
 				break;
@@ -217,6 +265,19 @@ doOne(CState * state, int n, int debug)
 			st->state = 0;
 	}
 
+	if (st->con == NULL)
+	{
+	    if ((st->con = doConnect()) == NULL)
+	    {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in establishing connection.\n",
+			n);
+		remains--;		/* I've aborted */
+		PQfinish(st->con);
+		st->con = NULL;
+		return;
+	    }
+	}
+
 	switch (st->state)
 	{
 		case 0:			/* about to start */
@@ -295,11 +356,20 @@ doSelectOnly(CState * state, int n, int debug)
 				PQclear(res);
 				discard_response(st);
 
+				if (is_connect)
+				{
+				    PQfinish(st->con);
+				    st->con = NULL;
+				}
+
 				if (++st->cnt >= nxacts)
 				{
 					remains--;	/* I've done */
-					PQfinish(st->con);
-					st->con = NULL;
+					if (st->con != NULL)
+					{
+					    PQfinish(st->con);
+					    st->con = NULL;
+					}
 					return;
 				}
 				break;
@@ -311,6 +381,19 @@ doSelectOnly(CState * state, int n, int debug)
 			st->state = 0;
 	}
 
+	if (st->con == NULL)
+	{
+	    if ((st->con = doConnect()) == NULL)
+	    {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in establishing connection.\n",
+			n);
+		remains--;		/* I've aborted */
+		PQfinish(st->con);
+		st->con = NULL;
+		return;
+	    }
+	}
+
 	switch (st->state)
 	{
 		case 0:
@@ -349,7 +432,7 @@ disconnect_all(CState * state)
 
 /* create tables and setup data */
 static void
-init(char *pghost, char *pgport, char *dbName)
+init()
 {
 	PGconn	   *con;
 	PGresult   *res;
@@ -366,13 +449,8 @@ init(char *pghost, char *pgport, char *dbName)
 
 	int			i;
 
-	con = PQsetdb(pghost, pgport, NULL, NULL, dbName);
-	if (PQstatus(con) == CONNECTION_BAD)
-	{
-		fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database '%s' on %s failed.\n", dbName, pghost);
-		fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	if ((con = doConnect()) == NULL)
+	    exit(1);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(DDLs) / sizeof(char *)); i++)
 	{
@@ -524,6 +602,7 @@ printResults(
 	printf("tps = %f(excluding connections establishing)\n", t2);
 }
 
+
 int
 main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
@@ -532,9 +611,6 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				opterr,
 				optopt;
 	int			c;
-	char	   *pghost = NULL;
-	char	   *pgport = NULL;
-	char	   *dbName;
 	int			is_init_mode = 0;		/* initialize mode? */
 	int			is_no_vacuum = 0;		/* no vacuum at all before
 										 * testing? */
@@ -564,7 +640,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	PGconn	   *con;
 	PGresult   *res;
 
-	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "ih:nvp:dc:t:s:S")) != EOF)
+	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "ih:nvp:dc:t:s:U:P:CS")) != EOF)
 	{
 		switch (c)
 		{
@@ -615,6 +691,9 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 				}
 #endif	 /* #ifndef __CYGWIN__ */
 				break;
+		        case 'C':
+			      is_connect = 1;
+			      break;
 			case 's':
 				tps = atoi(optarg);
 				if (tps <= 0)
@@ -631,6 +710,12 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 					exit(1);
 				}
 				break;
+			case 'U':
+				login = optarg;
+				break;
+			case 'P':
+				pwd = optarg;
+				break;
 			default:
 				usage();
 				exit(1);
@@ -649,7 +734,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	if (is_init_mode)
 	{
-		init(pghost, pgport, dbName);
+	        init();
 		exit(0);
 	}
 
@@ -662,7 +747,10 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	}
 
 	/* opening connection... */
-	con = PQsetdb(pghost, pgport, NULL, NULL, dbName);
+	con = doConnect();
+	if (con == NULL)
+	    exit(1);
+
 	if (PQstatus(con) == CONNECTION_BAD)
 	{
 		fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database '%s' failed.\n", dbName);
@@ -746,16 +834,14 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 	/* get start up time */
 	gettimeofday(&tv1, 0);
 
-	/* make connections to the database */
-	for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
+	if (is_connect == 0)
 	{
-		state[i].con = PQsetdb(pghost, pgport, NULL, NULL, dbName);
-		if (PQstatus(state[i].con) == CONNECTION_BAD)
-		{
-			fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database '%s' failed.\n", dbName);
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(state[i].con));
-			exit(1);
-		}
+	    /* make connections to the database */
+	    for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
+	    {
+		if ((state[i].con = doConnect()) == NULL)
+		    exit(1);
+	    }
 	}
 
 	/* time after connections set up */