timestamp.c

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * timestamp.c
 *	  Functions for the built-in SQL92 types "timestamp" and "interval".
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2005, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *	  $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c,v 1.157 2005/10/27 02:45:22 momjian Exp $
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

#include "postgres.h"

#include <ctype.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

#include "access/hash.h"
#include "access/xact.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "parser/scansup.h"
#include "utils/array.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/datetime.h"


/*
 * gcc's -ffast-math switch breaks routines that expect exact results from
 * expressions like timeval / SECS_PER_HOUR, where timeval is double.
 */
#ifdef __FAST_MATH__
#error -ffast-math is known to break this code
#endif


/* Set at postmaster start */
TimestampTz PgStartTime;


#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
static int64 time2t(const int hour, const int min, const int sec, const fsec_t fsec);
#else
static double time2t(const int hour, const int min, const int sec, const fsec_t fsec);
#endif
static int	EncodeSpecialTimestamp(Timestamp dt, char *str);
static Timestamp dt2local(Timestamp dt, int timezone);
static void AdjustTimestampForTypmod(Timestamp *time, int32 typmod);
static void AdjustIntervalForTypmod(Interval *interval, int32 typmod);
static TimestampTz timestamp2timestamptz(Timestamp timestamp);


/*****************************************************************************
 *	 USER I/O ROUTINES														 *
 *****************************************************************************/

/* timestamp_in()
 * Convert a string to internal form.
 */
Datum
timestamp_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	char	   *str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);

#ifdef NOT_USED
	Oid			typelem = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
#endif
	int32		typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
	Timestamp	result;
	fsec_t		fsec;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;
	int			tz;
	int			dtype;
	int			nf;
	int			dterr;
	char	   *field[MAXDATEFIELDS];
	int			ftype[MAXDATEFIELDS];
	char		workbuf[MAXDATELEN + MAXDATEFIELDS];

	dterr = ParseDateTime(str, workbuf, sizeof(workbuf),
						  field, ftype, MAXDATEFIELDS, &nf);
	if (dterr == 0)
		dterr = DecodeDateTime(field, ftype, nf, &dtype, tm, &fsec, &tz);
	if (dterr != 0)
		DateTimeParseError(dterr, str, "timestamp");

	switch (dtype)
	{
		case DTK_DATE:
			if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, NULL, &result) != 0)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
						 errmsg("timestamp out of range: \"%s\"", str)));
			break;

		case DTK_EPOCH:
			result = SetEpochTimestamp();
			break;

		case DTK_LATE:
			TIMESTAMP_NOEND(result);
			break;

		case DTK_EARLY:
			TIMESTAMP_NOBEGIN(result);
			break;

		case DTK_INVALID:
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
			  errmsg("date/time value \"%s\" is no longer supported", str)));

			TIMESTAMP_NOEND(result);
			break;

		default:
			elog(ERROR, "unexpected dtype %d while parsing timestamp \"%s\"",
				 dtype, str);
			TIMESTAMP_NOEND(result);
	}

	AdjustTimestampForTypmod(&result, typmod);

	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

/* timestamp_out()
 * Convert a timestamp to external form.
 */
Datum
timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	char	   *result;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;
	fsec_t		fsec;
	char	   *tzn = NULL;
	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];

	if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
		EncodeSpecialTimestamp(timestamp, buf);
	else if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) == 0)
		EncodeDateTime(tm, fsec, NULL, &tzn, DateStyle, buf);
	else
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

	result = pstrdup(buf);
	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
}

/*
 *		timestamp_recv			- converts external binary format to timestamp
 *
 * We make no attempt to provide compatibility between int and float
 * timestamp representations ...
 */
Datum
timestamp_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);

#ifdef NOT_USED
	Oid			typelem = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
#endif
	int32		typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
	Timestamp	timestamp;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;
	fsec_t		fsec;

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	timestamp = (Timestamp) pq_getmsgint64(buf);
#else
	timestamp = (Timestamp) pq_getmsgfloat8(buf);
#endif

	/* rangecheck: see if timestamp_out would like it */
	if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
		 /* ok */ ;
	else if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

	AdjustTimestampForTypmod(&timestamp, typmod);

	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(timestamp);
}

/*
 *		timestamp_send			- converts timestamp to binary format
 */
Datum
timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	StringInfoData buf;

	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
#else
	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, timestamp);
#endif
	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
}


/* timestamp_scale()
 * Adjust time type for specified scale factor.
 * Used by PostgreSQL type system to stuff columns.
 */
Datum
timestamp_scale(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	int32		typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
	Timestamp	result;

	result = timestamp;

	AdjustTimestampForTypmod(&result, typmod);

	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

static void
AdjustTimestampForTypmod(Timestamp *time, int32 typmod)
{
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	static const int64 TimestampScales[MAX_TIMESTAMP_PRECISION + 1] = {
		INT64CONST(1000000),
		INT64CONST(100000),
		INT64CONST(10000),
		INT64CONST(1000),
		INT64CONST(100),
		INT64CONST(10),
		INT64CONST(1)
	};

	static const int64 TimestampOffsets[MAX_TIMESTAMP_PRECISION + 1] = {
		INT64CONST(500000),
		INT64CONST(50000),
		INT64CONST(5000),
		INT64CONST(500),
		INT64CONST(50),
		INT64CONST(5),
		INT64CONST(0)
	};
#else
	static const double TimestampScales[MAX_TIMESTAMP_PRECISION + 1] = {
		1,
		10,
		100,
		1000,
		10000,
		100000,
		1000000
	};
#endif

	if (!TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(*time)
		&& (typmod != -1) && (typmod != MAX_TIMESTAMP_PRECISION))
	{
		if (typmod < 0 || typmod > MAX_TIMESTAMP_PRECISION)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
				  errmsg("timestamp(%d) precision must be between %d and %d",
						 typmod, 0, MAX_TIMESTAMP_PRECISION)));

		/*
		 * Note: this round-to-nearest code is not completely consistent about
		 * rounding values that are exactly halfway between integral values.
		 * On most platforms, rint() will implement round-to-nearest-even, but
		 * the integer code always rounds up (away from zero).	Is it worth
		 * trying to be consistent?
		 */
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
		if (*time >= INT64CONST(0))
		{
			*time = ((*time + TimestampOffsets[typmod]) / TimestampScales[typmod]) *
				TimestampScales[typmod];
		}
		else
		{
			*time = -((((-*time) + TimestampOffsets[typmod]) / TimestampScales[typmod])
					  * TimestampScales[typmod]);
		}
#else
		*time = rint((double) *time * TimestampScales[typmod]) / TimestampScales[typmod];
#endif
	}
}


/* timestamptz_in()
 * Convert a string to internal form.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	char	   *str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);

#ifdef NOT_USED
	Oid			typelem = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
#endif
	int32		typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
	TimestampTz result;
	fsec_t		fsec;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;
	int			tz;
	int			dtype;
	int			nf;
	int			dterr;
	char	   *field[MAXDATEFIELDS];
	int			ftype[MAXDATEFIELDS];
	char		workbuf[MAXDATELEN + MAXDATEFIELDS];

	dterr = ParseDateTime(str, workbuf, sizeof(workbuf),
						  field, ftype, MAXDATEFIELDS, &nf);
	if (dterr == 0)
		dterr = DecodeDateTime(field, ftype, nf, &dtype, tm, &fsec, &tz);
	if (dterr != 0)
		DateTimeParseError(dterr, str, "timestamp with time zone");

	switch (dtype)
	{
		case DTK_DATE:
			if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, &tz, &result) != 0)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
						 errmsg("timestamp out of range: \"%s\"", str)));
			break;

		case DTK_EPOCH:
			result = SetEpochTimestamp();
			break;

		case DTK_LATE:
			TIMESTAMP_NOEND(result);
			break;

		case DTK_EARLY:
			TIMESTAMP_NOBEGIN(result);
			break;

		case DTK_INVALID:
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
			  errmsg("date/time value \"%s\" is no longer supported", str)));

			TIMESTAMP_NOEND(result);
			break;

		default:
			elog(ERROR, "unexpected dtype %d while parsing timestamptz \"%s\"",
				 dtype, str);
			TIMESTAMP_NOEND(result);
	}

	AdjustTimestampForTypmod(&result, typmod);

	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(result);
}

/* timestamptz_out()
 * Convert a timestamp to external form.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
	char	   *result;
	int			tz;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;
	fsec_t		fsec;
	char	   *tzn;
	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];

	if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(dt))
		EncodeSpecialTimestamp(dt, buf);
	else if (timestamp2tm(dt, &tz, tm, &fsec, &tzn, NULL) == 0)
		EncodeDateTime(tm, fsec, &tz, &tzn, DateStyle, buf);
	else
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

	result = pstrdup(buf);
	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
}

/*
 *		timestamptz_recv			- converts external binary format to timestamptz
 *
 * We make no attempt to provide compatibility between int and float
 * timestamp representations ...
 */
Datum
timestamptz_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);

#ifdef NOT_USED
	Oid			typelem = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
#endif
	int32		typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
	TimestampTz timestamp;
	int			tz;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;
	fsec_t		fsec;
	char	   *tzn;

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	timestamp = (TimestampTz) pq_getmsgint64(buf);
#else
	timestamp = (TimestampTz) pq_getmsgfloat8(buf);
#endif

	/* rangecheck: see if timestamptz_out would like it */
	if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
		 /* ok */ ;
	else if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, &tz, tm, &fsec, &tzn, NULL) != 0)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

	AdjustTimestampForTypmod(&timestamp, typmod);

	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(timestamp);
}

/*
 *		timestamptz_send			- converts timestamptz to binary format
 */
Datum
timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
	StringInfoData buf;

	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
#else
	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, timestamp);
#endif
	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
}


/* timestamptz_scale()
 * Adjust time type for specified scale factor.
 * Used by PostgreSQL type system to stuff columns.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_scale(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
	int32		typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
	TimestampTz result;

	result = timestamp;

	AdjustTimestampForTypmod(&result, typmod);

	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(result);
}


/* interval_in()
 * Convert a string to internal form.
 *
 * External format(s):
 *	Uses the generic date/time parsing and decoding routines.
 */
Datum
interval_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	char	   *str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);

#ifdef NOT_USED
	Oid			typelem = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
#endif
	int32		typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
	Interval   *result;
	fsec_t		fsec;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;
	int			dtype;
	int			nf;
	int			dterr;
	char	   *field[MAXDATEFIELDS];
	int			ftype[MAXDATEFIELDS];
	char		workbuf[256];

	tm->tm_year = 0;
	tm->tm_mon = 0;
	tm->tm_mday = 0;
	tm->tm_hour = 0;
	tm->tm_min = 0;
	tm->tm_sec = 0;
	fsec = 0;

	dterr = ParseDateTime(str, workbuf, sizeof(workbuf), field,
						  ftype, MAXDATEFIELDS, &nf);
	if (dterr == 0)
		dterr = DecodeInterval(field, ftype, nf, &dtype, tm, &fsec);
	if (dterr != 0)
	{
		if (dterr == DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW)
			dterr = DTERR_INTERVAL_OVERFLOW;
		DateTimeParseError(dterr, str, "interval");
	}

	result = (Interval *) palloc(sizeof(Interval));

	switch (dtype)
	{
		case DTK_DELTA:
			if (tm2interval(tm, fsec, result) != 0)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
						 errmsg("interval out of range")));
			break;

		case DTK_INVALID:
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
			  errmsg("date/time value \"%s\" is no longer supported", str)));
			break;

		default:
			elog(ERROR, "unexpected dtype %d while parsing interval \"%s\"",
				 dtype, str);
	}

	AdjustIntervalForTypmod(result, typmod);

	PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

/* interval_out()
 * Convert a time span to external form.
 */
Datum
interval_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	char	   *result;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;
	fsec_t		fsec;
	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];

	if (interval2tm(*span, tm, &fsec) != 0)
		elog(ERROR, "could not convert interval to tm");

	if (EncodeInterval(tm, fsec, DateStyle, buf) != 0)
		elog(ERROR, "could not format interval");

	result = pstrdup(buf);
	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
}

/*
 *		interval_recv			- converts external binary format to interval
 */
Datum
interval_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	StringInfo	buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);

#ifdef NOT_USED
	Oid			typelem = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
#endif
	int32		typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
	Interval   *interval;

	interval = (Interval *) palloc(sizeof(Interval));

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	interval->time = pq_getmsgint64(buf);
#else
	interval->time = pq_getmsgfloat8(buf);
#endif
	interval->day = pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(interval->day));
	interval->month = pq_getmsgint(buf, sizeof(interval->month));

	AdjustIntervalForTypmod(interval, typmod);

	PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(interval);
}

/*
 *		interval_send			- converts interval to binary format
 */
Datum
interval_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *interval = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	StringInfoData buf;

	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	pq_sendint64(&buf, interval->time);
#else
	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, interval->time);
#endif
	pq_sendint(&buf, interval->day, sizeof(interval->day));
	pq_sendint(&buf, interval->month, sizeof(interval->month));
	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
}


/* interval_scale()
 * Adjust interval type for specified fields.
 * Used by PostgreSQL type system to stuff columns.
 */
Datum
interval_scale(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *interval = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	int32		typmod = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
	Interval   *result;

	result = palloc(sizeof(Interval));
	*result = *interval;

	AdjustIntervalForTypmod(result, typmod);

	PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

/*
 *	Adjust interval for specified precision, in both YEAR to SECOND
 *	range and sub-second precision.
 */
static void
AdjustIntervalForTypmod(Interval *interval, int32 typmod)
{
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	static const int64 IntervalScales[MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION + 1] = {
		INT64CONST(1000000),
		INT64CONST(100000),
		INT64CONST(10000),
		INT64CONST(1000),
		INT64CONST(100),
		INT64CONST(10),
		INT64CONST(1)
	};

	static const int64 IntervalOffsets[MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION + 1] = {
		INT64CONST(500000),
		INT64CONST(50000),
		INT64CONST(5000),
		INT64CONST(500),
		INT64CONST(50),
		INT64CONST(5),
		INT64CONST(0)
	};
#else
	static const double IntervalScales[MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION + 1] = {
		1,
		10,
		100,
		1000,
		10000,
		100000,
		1000000
	};
#endif

	/*
	 * Unspecified range and precision? Then not necessary to adjust. Setting
	 * typmod to -1 is the convention for all types.
	 */
	if (typmod != -1)
	{
		int			range = INTERVAL_RANGE(typmod);
		int			precision = INTERVAL_PRECISION(typmod);

		if (range == INTERVAL_FULL_RANGE)
		{
			/* Do nothing... */
		}
		else if (range == INTERVAL_MASK(YEAR))
		{
			interval->month = (interval->month / MONTHS_PER_YEAR) * MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
			interval->day = 0;
			interval->time = 0;
		}
		else if (range == INTERVAL_MASK(MONTH))
		{
			interval->month %= MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
			interval->day = 0;
			interval->time = 0;
		}
		/* YEAR TO MONTH */
		else if (range == (INTERVAL_MASK(YEAR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MONTH)))
		{
			/* month is already year to month */
			interval->day = 0;
			interval->time = 0;
		}
		else if (range == INTERVAL_MASK(DAY))
		{
			interval->month = 0;
			interval->time = 0;
		}
		else if (range == INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR))
		{
			interval->month = 0;
			interval->day = 0;

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
			interval->time = (interval->time / USECS_PER_HOUR) *
				USECS_PER_HOUR;
#else
			interval->time = ((int) (interval->time / SECS_PER_HOUR)) * (double) SECS_PER_HOUR;
#endif
		}
		else if (range == INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE))
		{
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
			int64		hour;
#else
			double		hour;
#endif

			interval->month = 0;
			interval->day = 0;

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
			hour = interval->time / USECS_PER_HOUR;
			interval->time -= hour * USECS_PER_HOUR;
			interval->time = (interval->time / USECS_PER_MINUTE) *
				USECS_PER_MINUTE;
#else
			TMODULO(interval->time, hour, (double) SECS_PER_HOUR);
			interval->time = ((int) (interval->time / SECS_PER_MINUTE)) * (double) SECS_PER_MINUTE;
#endif
		}
		else if (range == INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND))
		{
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
			int64		minute;
#else
			double		minute;
#endif

			interval->month = 0;
			interval->day = 0;

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
			minute = interval->time / USECS_PER_MINUTE;
			interval->time -= minute * USECS_PER_MINUTE;
#else
			TMODULO(interval->time, minute, (double) SECS_PER_MINUTE);
			/* return subseconds too */
#endif
		}
		/* DAY TO HOUR */
		else if (range == (INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) |
						   INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR)))
		{
			interval->month = 0;

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
			interval->time = (interval->time / USECS_PER_HOUR) *
				USECS_PER_HOUR;
#else
			interval->time = ((int) (interval->time / SECS_PER_HOUR)) * (double) SECS_PER_HOUR;
#endif
		}
		/* DAY TO MINUTE */
		else if (range == (INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) |
						   INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) |
						   INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE)))
		{
			interval->month = 0;

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
			interval->time = (interval->time / USECS_PER_MINUTE) *
				USECS_PER_MINUTE;
#else
			interval->time = ((int) (interval->time / SECS_PER_MINUTE)) * (double) SECS_PER_MINUTE;
#endif
		}
		/* DAY TO SECOND */
		else if (range == (INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) |
						   INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) |
						   INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) |
						   INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND)))
			interval->month = 0;

		/* HOUR TO MINUTE */
		else if (range == (INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) |
						   INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE)))
		{
			interval->month = 0;
			interval->day = 0;

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
			interval->time = (interval->time / USECS_PER_MINUTE) *
				USECS_PER_MINUTE;
#else
			interval->time = ((int) (interval->time / SECS_PER_MINUTE)) * (double) SECS_PER_MINUTE;
#endif
		}
		/* HOUR TO SECOND */
		else if (range == (INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) |
						   INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) |
						   INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND)))
		{
			interval->month = 0;
			interval->day = 0;
			/* return subseconds too */
		}
		/* MINUTE TO SECOND */
		else if (range == (INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) |
						   INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND)))
		{
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
			int64		hour;
#else
			double		hour;
#endif

			interval->month = 0;
			interval->day = 0;

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
			hour = interval->time / USECS_PER_HOUR;
			interval->time -= hour * USECS_PER_HOUR;
#else
			TMODULO(interval->time, hour, (double) SECS_PER_HOUR);
#endif
		}
		else
			elog(ERROR, "unrecognized interval typmod: %d", typmod);

		/* Need to adjust subsecond precision? */
		if (precision != INTERVAL_FULL_PRECISION)
		{
			if (precision < 0 || precision > MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
				   errmsg("interval(%d) precision must be between %d and %d",
						  precision, 0, MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION)));

			/*
			 * Note: this round-to-nearest code is not completely consistent
			 * about rounding values that are exactly halfway between integral
			 * values.	On most platforms, rint() will implement
			 * round-to-nearest-even, but the integer code always rounds up
			 * (away from zero).  Is it worth trying to be consistent?
			 */
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
			if (interval->time >= INT64CONST(0))
			{
				interval->time = ((interval->time +
								   IntervalOffsets[precision]) /
								  IntervalScales[precision]) *
					IntervalScales[precision];
			}
			else
			{
				interval->time = -(((-interval->time +
									 IntervalOffsets[precision]) /
									IntervalScales[precision]) *
								   IntervalScales[precision]);
			}
#else
			interval->time = rint(((double) interval->time) *
								  IntervalScales[precision]) /
				IntervalScales[precision];
#endif
		}
	}

	return;
}


/* EncodeSpecialTimestamp()
 * Convert reserved timestamp data type to string.
 */
static int
EncodeSpecialTimestamp(Timestamp dt, char *str)
{
	if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOBEGIN(dt))
		strcpy(str, EARLY);
	else if (TIMESTAMP_IS_NOEND(dt))
		strcpy(str, LATE);
	else
		return FALSE;

	return TRUE;
}	/* EncodeSpecialTimestamp() */

Datum
now(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(GetCurrentTransactionStartTimestamp());
}

Datum
pgsql_postmaster_start_time(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(PgStartTime);
}

/*
 * GetCurrentTimestamp -- get the current operating system time
 *
 * Result is in the form of a TimestampTz value, and is expressed to the
 * full precision of the gettimeofday() syscall
 */
TimestampTz
GetCurrentTimestamp(void)
{
	TimestampTz result;
	struct timeval tp;

	gettimeofday(&tp, NULL);

	result = (TimestampTz) tp.tv_sec -
		((POSTGRES_EPOCH_JDATE - UNIX_EPOCH_JDATE) * SECS_PER_DAY);

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	result = (result * USECS_PER_SEC) + tp.tv_usec;
#else
	result = result + (tp.tv_usec / 1000000.0);
#endif

	return result;
}


/*
 * Convert a time_t to TimestampTz.
 *
 * We do not use time_t internally in Postgres, but this is provided for use
 * by functions that need to interpret, say, a stat(2) result.
 */
TimestampTz
time_t_to_timestamptz(time_t tm)
{
	TimestampTz result;

	result = (TimestampTz) tm -
		((POSTGRES_EPOCH_JDATE - UNIX_EPOCH_JDATE) * SECS_PER_DAY);

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	result *= USECS_PER_SEC;
#endif

	return result;
}


void
dt2time(Timestamp jd, int *hour, int *min, int *sec, fsec_t *fsec)
{
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	int64		time;
#else
	double		time;
#endif

	time = jd;

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	*hour = time / USECS_PER_HOUR;
	time -= (*hour) * USECS_PER_HOUR;
	*min = time / USECS_PER_MINUTE;
	time -= (*min) * USECS_PER_MINUTE;
	*sec = time / USECS_PER_SEC;
	*fsec = time - (*sec * USECS_PER_SEC);
#else
	*hour = time / SECS_PER_HOUR;
	time -= (*hour) * SECS_PER_HOUR;
	*min = time / SECS_PER_MINUTE;
	time -= (*min) * SECS_PER_MINUTE;
	*sec = time;
	*fsec = time - *sec;
#endif
}	/* dt2time() */


/*
 * timestamp2tm() - Convert timestamp data type to POSIX time structure.
 *
 * Note that year is _not_ 1900-based, but is an explicit full value.
 * Also, month is one-based, _not_ zero-based.
 * Returns:
 *	 0 on success
 *	-1 on out of range
 *
 * If attimezone is NULL, the global timezone (including possibly brute forced
 * timezone) will be used.
 */
int
timestamp2tm(Timestamp dt, int *tzp, struct pg_tm * tm, fsec_t *fsec, char **tzn, pg_tz *attimezone)
{
	Timestamp	date;
	Timestamp	time;
	pg_time_t	utime;

	/*
	 * If HasCTZSet is true then we have a brute force time zone specified. Go
	 * ahead and rotate to the local time zone since we will later bypass any
	 * calls which adjust the tm fields.
	 */
	if (attimezone == NULL && HasCTZSet && tzp != NULL)
	{
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
		dt -= CTimeZone * USECS_PER_SEC;
#else
		dt -= CTimeZone;
#endif
	}

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	time = dt;
	TMODULO(time, date, USECS_PER_DAY);

	if (time < INT64CONST(0))
	{
		time += USECS_PER_DAY;
		date -= 1;
	}

	/* add offset to go from J2000 back to standard Julian date */
	date += POSTGRES_EPOCH_JDATE;

	/* Julian day routine does not work for negative Julian days */
	if (date < 0 || date > (Timestamp) INT_MAX)
		return -1;

	j2date((int) date, &tm->tm_year, &tm->tm_mon, &tm->tm_mday);
	dt2time(time, &tm->tm_hour, &tm->tm_min, &tm->tm_sec, fsec);
#else
	time = dt;
	TMODULO(time, date, (double) SECS_PER_DAY);

	if (time < 0)
	{
		time += SECS_PER_DAY;
		date -= 1;
	}

	/* add offset to go from J2000 back to standard Julian date */
	date += POSTGRES_EPOCH_JDATE;

recalc_d:
	/* Julian day routine does not work for negative Julian days */
	if (date < 0 || date > (Timestamp) INT_MAX)
		return -1;

	j2date((int) date, &tm->tm_year, &tm->tm_mon, &tm->tm_mday);
recalc_t:
	dt2time(time, &tm->tm_hour, &tm->tm_min, &tm->tm_sec, fsec);

	*fsec = TSROUND(*fsec);
	/* roundoff may need to propagate to higher-order fields */
	if (*fsec >= 1.0)
	{
		time = ceil(time);
		if (time >= (double) SECS_PER_DAY)
		{
			time = 0;
			date += 1;
			goto recalc_d;
		}
		goto recalc_t;
	}
#endif

	/* Done if no TZ conversion wanted */
	if (tzp == NULL)
	{
		tm->tm_isdst = -1;
		tm->tm_gmtoff = 0;
		tm->tm_zone = NULL;
		if (tzn != NULL)
			*tzn = NULL;
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 * We have a brute force time zone per SQL99? Then use it without change
	 * since we have already rotated to the time zone.
	 */
	if (attimezone == NULL && HasCTZSet)
	{
		*tzp = CTimeZone;
		tm->tm_isdst = 0;
		tm->tm_gmtoff = CTimeZone;
		tm->tm_zone = NULL;
		if (tzn != NULL)
			*tzn = NULL;
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 * If the time falls within the range of pg_time_t, use pg_localtime() to
	 * rotate to the local time zone.
	 *
	 * First, convert to an integral timestamp, avoiding possibly
	 * platform-specific roundoff-in-wrong-direction errors, and adjust to
	 * Unix epoch.	Then see if we can convert to pg_time_t without loss. This
	 * coding avoids hardwiring any assumptions about the width of pg_time_t,
	 * so it should behave sanely on machines without int64.
	 */
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	dt = (dt - *fsec) / USECS_PER_SEC +
		(POSTGRES_EPOCH_JDATE - UNIX_EPOCH_JDATE) * SECS_PER_DAY;
#else
	dt = rint(dt - *fsec +
			  (POSTGRES_EPOCH_JDATE - UNIX_EPOCH_JDATE) * SECS_PER_DAY);
#endif
	utime = (pg_time_t) dt;
	if ((Timestamp) utime == dt)
	{
		struct pg_tm *tx = pg_localtime(&utime,
								  attimezone ? attimezone : global_timezone);

		tm->tm_year = tx->tm_year + 1900;
		tm->tm_mon = tx->tm_mon + 1;
		tm->tm_mday = tx->tm_mday;
		tm->tm_hour = tx->tm_hour;
		tm->tm_min = tx->tm_min;
		tm->tm_sec = tx->tm_sec;
		tm->tm_isdst = tx->tm_isdst;
		tm->tm_gmtoff = tx->tm_gmtoff;
		tm->tm_zone = tx->tm_zone;
		*tzp = -tm->tm_gmtoff;
		if (tzn != NULL)
			*tzn = (char *) tm->tm_zone;
	}
	else
	{
		/*
		 * When out of range of pg_time_t, treat as GMT
		 */
		*tzp = 0;
		/* Mark this as *no* time zone available */
		tm->tm_isdst = -1;
		tm->tm_gmtoff = 0;
		tm->tm_zone = NULL;
		if (tzn != NULL)
			*tzn = NULL;
	}

	return 0;
}


/* tm2timestamp()
 * Convert a tm structure to a timestamp data type.
 * Note that year is _not_ 1900-based, but is an explicit full value.
 * Also, month is one-based, _not_ zero-based.
 *
 * Returns -1 on failure (value out of range).
 */
int
tm2timestamp(struct pg_tm * tm, fsec_t fsec, int *tzp, Timestamp *result)
{
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	int			date;
	int64		time;
#else
	double		date,
				time;
#endif

	/* Julian day routines are not correct for negative Julian days */
	if (!IS_VALID_JULIAN(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday))
		return -1;

	date = date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday) - POSTGRES_EPOCH_JDATE;
	time = time2t(tm->tm_hour, tm->tm_min, tm->tm_sec, fsec);

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	*result = date * USECS_PER_DAY + time;
	/* check for major overflow */
	if ((*result - time) / USECS_PER_DAY != date)
		return -1;
	/* check for just-barely overflow (okay except time-of-day wraps) */
	if ((*result < 0 && date >= 0) ||
		(*result >= 0 && date < 0))
		return -1;
#else
	*result = date * SECS_PER_DAY + time;
#endif
	if (tzp != NULL)
		*result = dt2local(*result, -(*tzp));

	return 0;
}


/* interval2tm()
 * Convert a interval data type to a tm structure.
 */
int
interval2tm(Interval span, struct pg_tm * tm, fsec_t *fsec)
{
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	int64		time;
	int64		tfrac;
#else
	double		time;
	double		tfrac;
#endif

	tm->tm_year = span.month / MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
	tm->tm_mon = span.month % MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
	tm->tm_mday = span.day;
	time = span.time;

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	tfrac = time / USECS_PER_HOUR;
	time -= tfrac * USECS_PER_HOUR;
	tm->tm_hour = tfrac;		/* could overflow ... */
	tfrac = time / USECS_PER_MINUTE;
	time -= tfrac * USECS_PER_MINUTE;
	tm->tm_min = tfrac;
	tfrac = time / USECS_PER_SEC;
	*fsec = time - (tfrac * USECS_PER_SEC);
	tm->tm_sec = tfrac;
#else
recalc:
	TMODULO(time, tfrac, (double) SECS_PER_HOUR);
	tm->tm_hour = tfrac;		/* could overflow ... */
	TMODULO(time, tfrac, (double) SECS_PER_MINUTE);
	tm->tm_min = tfrac;
	TMODULO(time, tfrac, 1.0);
	tm->tm_sec = tfrac;
	time = TSROUND(time);
	/* roundoff may need to propagate to higher-order fields */
	if (time >= 1.0)
	{
		time = ceil(span.time);
		goto recalc;
	}
	*fsec = time;
#endif

	return 0;
}

int
tm2interval(struct pg_tm * tm, fsec_t fsec, Interval *span)
{
	span->month = tm->tm_year * MONTHS_PER_YEAR + tm->tm_mon;
	span->day = tm->tm_mday;
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	span->time = (((((tm->tm_hour * INT64CONST(60)) +
					 tm->tm_min) * INT64CONST(60)) +
				   tm->tm_sec) * USECS_PER_SEC) + fsec;
#else
	span->time = (((tm->tm_hour * (double) MINS_PER_HOUR) +
				   tm->tm_min) * (double) SECS_PER_MINUTE) +
		tm->tm_sec + fsec;
#endif

	return 0;
}

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
static int64
time2t(const int hour, const int min, const int sec, const fsec_t fsec)
{
	return (((((hour * MINS_PER_HOUR) + min) * SECS_PER_MINUTE) + sec) * USECS_PER_SEC) + fsec;
}	/* time2t() */
#else
static double
time2t(const int hour, const int min, const int sec, const fsec_t fsec)
{
	return (((hour * MINS_PER_HOUR) + min) * SECS_PER_MINUTE) + sec + fsec;
}	/* time2t() */
#endif

static Timestamp
dt2local(Timestamp dt, int tz)
{
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	dt -= (tz * USECS_PER_SEC);
#else
	dt -= tz;
#endif
	return dt;
}	/* dt2local() */


/*****************************************************************************
 *	 PUBLIC ROUTINES														 *
 *****************************************************************************/


Datum
timestamp_finite(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(!TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp));
}

Datum
interval_finite(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
}


/*----------------------------------------------------------
 *	Relational operators for timestamp.
 *---------------------------------------------------------*/

void
GetEpochTime(struct pg_tm * tm)
{
	struct pg_tm *t0;
	pg_time_t	epoch = 0;

	t0 = pg_gmtime(&epoch);

	tm->tm_year = t0->tm_year;
	tm->tm_mon = t0->tm_mon;
	tm->tm_mday = t0->tm_mday;
	tm->tm_hour = t0->tm_hour;
	tm->tm_min = t0->tm_min;
	tm->tm_sec = t0->tm_sec;

	tm->tm_year += 1900;
	tm->tm_mon++;
}

Timestamp
SetEpochTimestamp(void)
{
	Timestamp	dt;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;

	GetEpochTime(tm);
	/* we don't bother to test for failure ... */
	tm2timestamp(tm, 0, NULL, &dt);

	return dt;
}	/* SetEpochTimestamp() */

/*
 * We are currently sharing some code between timestamp and timestamptz.
 * The comparison functions are among them. - thomas 2001-09-25
 *
 *		timestamp_relop - is timestamp1 relop timestamp2
 *
 *		collate invalid timestamp at the end
 */
int
timestamp_cmp_internal(Timestamp dt1, Timestamp dt2)
{
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	return (dt1 < dt2) ? -1 : ((dt1 > dt2) ? 1 : 0);
#else

	/*
	 * When using float representation, we have to be wary of NaNs.
	 *
	 * We consider all NANs to be equal and larger than any non-NAN. This is
	 * somewhat arbitrary; the important thing is to have a consistent sort
	 * order.
	 */
	if (isnan(dt1))
	{
		if (isnan(dt2))
			return 0;			/* NAN = NAN */
		else
			return 1;			/* NAN > non-NAN */
	}
	else if (isnan(dt2))
	{
		return -1;				/* non-NAN < NAN */
	}
	else
	{
		if (dt1 > dt2)
			return 1;
		else if (dt1 < dt2)
			return -1;
		else
			return 0;
	}
#endif
}

Datum
timestamp_eq(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	Timestamp	dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) == 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_ne(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	Timestamp	dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) != 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_lt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	Timestamp	dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) < 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_gt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	Timestamp	dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) > 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_le(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	Timestamp	dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) <= 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_ge(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	Timestamp	dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) >= 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_cmp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	Timestamp	dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);

	PG_RETURN_INT32(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2));
}


/*
 * Crosstype comparison functions for timestamp vs timestamptz
 */

Datum
timestamp_eq_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
	TimestampTz dt1;

	dt1 = timestamp2timestamptz(timestampVal);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) == 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_ne_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
	TimestampTz dt1;

	dt1 = timestamp2timestamptz(timestampVal);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) != 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_lt_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
	TimestampTz dt1;

	dt1 = timestamp2timestamptz(timestampVal);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) < 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_gt_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
	TimestampTz dt1;

	dt1 = timestamp2timestamptz(timestampVal);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) > 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_le_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
	TimestampTz dt1;

	dt1 = timestamp2timestamptz(timestampVal);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) <= 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_ge_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
	TimestampTz dt1;

	dt1 = timestamp2timestamptz(timestampVal);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) >= 0);
}

Datum
timestamp_cmp_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
	TimestampTz dt1;

	dt1 = timestamp2timestamptz(timestampVal);

	PG_RETURN_INT32(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2));
}

Datum
timestamptz_eq_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
	Timestamp	timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
	TimestampTz dt2;

	dt2 = timestamp2timestamptz(timestampVal);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) == 0);
}

Datum
timestamptz_ne_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
	Timestamp	timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
	TimestampTz dt2;

	dt2 = timestamp2timestamptz(timestampVal);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) != 0);
}

Datum
timestamptz_lt_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
	Timestamp	timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
	TimestampTz dt2;

	dt2 = timestamp2timestamptz(timestampVal);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) < 0);
}

Datum
timestamptz_gt_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
	Timestamp	timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
	TimestampTz dt2;

	dt2 = timestamp2timestamptz(timestampVal);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) > 0);
}

Datum
timestamptz_le_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
	Timestamp	timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
	TimestampTz dt2;

	dt2 = timestamp2timestamptz(timestampVal);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) <= 0);
}

Datum
timestamptz_ge_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
	Timestamp	timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
	TimestampTz dt2;

	dt2 = timestamp2timestamptz(timestampVal);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) >= 0);
}

Datum
timestamptz_cmp_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
	Timestamp	timestampVal = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
	TimestampTz dt2;

	dt2 = timestamp2timestamptz(timestampVal);

	PG_RETURN_INT32(timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2));
}


/*
 *		interval_relop	- is interval1 relop interval2
 *
 *		collate invalid interval at the end
 */
static int
interval_cmp_internal(Interval *interval1, Interval *interval2)
{
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	int64		span1,
				span2;
#else
	double		span1,
				span2;
#endif

	span1 = interval1->time;
	span2 = interval2->time;

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	span1 += interval1->month * INT64CONST(30) * USECS_PER_DAY;
	span1 += interval1->day * INT64CONST(24) * USECS_PER_HOUR;
	span2 += interval2->month * INT64CONST(30) * USECS_PER_DAY;
	span2 += interval2->day * INT64CONST(24) * USECS_PER_HOUR;
#else
	span1 += interval1->month * ((double) DAYS_PER_MONTH * SECS_PER_DAY);
	span1 += interval1->day * ((double) HOURS_PER_DAY * SECS_PER_HOUR);
	span2 += interval2->month * ((double) DAYS_PER_MONTH * SECS_PER_DAY);
	span2 += interval2->day * ((double) HOURS_PER_DAY * SECS_PER_HOUR);
#endif

	return ((span1 < span2) ? -1 : (span1 > span2) ? 1 : 0);
}

Datum
interval_eq(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2) == 0);
}

Datum
interval_ne(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2) != 0);
}

Datum
interval_lt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2) < 0);
}

Datum
interval_gt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2) > 0);
}

Datum
interval_le(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2) <= 0);
}

Datum
interval_ge(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2) >= 0);
}

Datum
interval_cmp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);

	PG_RETURN_INT32(interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2));
}

/*
 * interval, being an unusual size, needs a specialized hash function.
 */
Datum
interval_hash(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *key = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);

	/*
	 * Specify hash length as sizeof(double) + sizeof(int4), not as
	 * sizeof(Interval), so that any garbage pad bytes in the structure won't
	 * be included in the hash!
	 */
	return hash_any((unsigned char *) key,
				  sizeof(key->time) + sizeof(key->day) + sizeof(key->month));
}

/* overlaps_timestamp() --- implements the SQL92 OVERLAPS operator.
 *
 * Algorithm is per SQL92 spec.  This is much harder than you'd think
 * because the spec requires us to deliver a non-null answer in some cases
 * where some of the inputs are null.
 */
Datum
overlaps_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	/*
	 * The arguments are Timestamps, but we leave them as generic Datums to
	 * avoid unnecessary conversions between value and reference forms --- not
	 * to mention possible dereferences of null pointers.
	 */
	Datum		ts1 = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
	Datum		te1 = PG_GETARG_DATUM(1);
	Datum		ts2 = PG_GETARG_DATUM(2);
	Datum		te2 = PG_GETARG_DATUM(3);
	bool		ts1IsNull = PG_ARGISNULL(0);
	bool		te1IsNull = PG_ARGISNULL(1);
	bool		ts2IsNull = PG_ARGISNULL(2);
	bool		te2IsNull = PG_ARGISNULL(3);

#define TIMESTAMP_GT(t1,t2) \
	DatumGetBool(DirectFunctionCall2(timestamp_gt,t1,t2))
#define TIMESTAMP_LT(t1,t2) \
	DatumGetBool(DirectFunctionCall2(timestamp_lt,t1,t2))

	/*
	 * If both endpoints of interval 1 are null, the result is null (unknown).
	 * If just one endpoint is null, take ts1 as the non-null one. Otherwise,
	 * take ts1 as the lesser endpoint.
	 */
	if (ts1IsNull)
	{
		if (te1IsNull)
			PG_RETURN_NULL();
		/* swap null for non-null */
		ts1 = te1;
		te1IsNull = true;
	}
	else if (!te1IsNull)
	{
		if (TIMESTAMP_GT(ts1, te1))
		{
			Datum		tt = ts1;

			ts1 = te1;
			te1 = tt;
		}
	}

	/* Likewise for interval 2. */
	if (ts2IsNull)
	{
		if (te2IsNull)
			PG_RETURN_NULL();
		/* swap null for non-null */
		ts2 = te2;
		te2IsNull = true;
	}
	else if (!te2IsNull)
	{
		if (TIMESTAMP_GT(ts2, te2))
		{
			Datum		tt = ts2;

			ts2 = te2;
			te2 = tt;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * At this point neither ts1 nor ts2 is null, so we can consider three
	 * cases: ts1 > ts2, ts1 < ts2, ts1 = ts2
	 */
	if (TIMESTAMP_GT(ts1, ts2))
	{
		/*
		 * This case is ts1 < te2 OR te1 < te2, which may look redundant but
		 * in the presence of nulls it's not quite completely so.
		 */
		if (te2IsNull)
			PG_RETURN_NULL();
		if (TIMESTAMP_LT(ts1, te2))
			PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
		if (te1IsNull)
			PG_RETURN_NULL();

		/*
		 * If te1 is not null then we had ts1 <= te1 above, and we just found
		 * ts1 >= te2, hence te1 >= te2.
		 */
		PG_RETURN_BOOL(false);
	}
	else if (TIMESTAMP_LT(ts1, ts2))
	{
		/* This case is ts2 < te1 OR te2 < te1 */
		if (te1IsNull)
			PG_RETURN_NULL();
		if (TIMESTAMP_LT(ts2, te1))
			PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
		if (te2IsNull)
			PG_RETURN_NULL();

		/*
		 * If te2 is not null then we had ts2 <= te2 above, and we just found
		 * ts2 >= te1, hence te2 >= te1.
		 */
		PG_RETURN_BOOL(false);
	}
	else
	{
		/*
		 * For ts1 = ts2 the spec says te1 <> te2 OR te1 = te2, which is a
		 * rather silly way of saying "true if both are nonnull, else null".
		 */
		if (te1IsNull || te2IsNull)
			PG_RETURN_NULL();
		PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
	}

#undef TIMESTAMP_GT
#undef TIMESTAMP_LT
}


/*----------------------------------------------------------
 *	"Arithmetic" operators on date/times.
 *---------------------------------------------------------*/

Datum
timestamp_smaller(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	Timestamp	dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
	Timestamp	result;

	/* use timestamp_cmp_internal to be sure this agrees with comparisons */
	if (timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) < 0)
		result = dt1;
	else
		result = dt2;
	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

Datum
timestamp_larger(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	Timestamp	dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
	Timestamp	result;

	if (timestamp_cmp_internal(dt1, dt2) > 0)
		result = dt1;
	else
		result = dt2;
	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}


Datum
timestamp_mi(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	Timestamp	dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
	Interval   *result;

	result = (Interval *) palloc(sizeof(Interval));

	if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(dt1) || TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(dt2))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
				 errmsg("cannot subtract infinite timestamps")));

	result->time = dt1 - dt2;

	result->month = 0;
	result->day = 0;

	/*
	 *	This is wrong, but removing it breaks a lot of regression tests.
	 *	For example:
	 *
	 *	test=> SET timezone = 'EST5EDT';
	 *	test=> SELECT
	 *	test-> ('2005-10-30 13:22:00-05'::timestamptz -
	 *	test(>  '2005-10-29 13:22:00-04'::timestamptz);
	 *	?column?
	 *	----------------
	 *	 1 day 01:00:00
	 *	 (1 row)
	 *
	 *	so adding that to the first timestamp gets:
	 *
	 *	 test=> SELECT
	 *	 test-> ('2005-10-29 13:22:00-04'::timestamptz +
	 *	 test(> ('2005-10-30 13:22:00-05'::timestamptz -
	 *	 test(>  '2005-10-29 13:22:00-04'::timestamptz)) at time zone 'EST';
	 *	    timezone
	 *	--------------------
	 *	2005-10-30 14:22:00
	 *	(1 row)
	 */
 	result = DatumGetIntervalP(DirectFunctionCall1(interval_justify_hours,
												 IntervalPGetDatum(result)));

	PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

/*
 *	interval_justify_hours()
 *
 *	Adjust interval so 'time' contains less than a whole day, adding
 *	the excess to 'day'.  This is useful for
 *	situations (such as non-TZ) where '1 day' = '24 hours' is valid,
 *	e.g. interval subtraction and division.
 */
Datum
interval_justify_hours(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	Interval   *result;
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	int64		wholeday;
#else
	double		wholeday;
#endif

	result = (Interval *) palloc(sizeof(Interval));
	result->month = span->month;
	result->day = span->day;
	result->time = span->time;

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	TMODULO(result->time, wholeday, USECS_PER_DAY);
#else
	TMODULO(result->time, wholeday, (double) SECS_PER_DAY);
#endif
	result->day += wholeday;	/* could overflow... */

	PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

/*
 *	interval_justify_days()
 *
 *	Adjust interval so 'day' contains less than 30 days, adding
 *	the excess to 'month'.
 */
Datum
interval_justify_days(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	Interval   *result;
	int32		wholemonth;

	result = (Interval *) palloc(sizeof(Interval));
	result->month = span->month;
	result->day = span->day;
	result->time = span->time;

	wholemonth = result->day / DAYS_PER_MONTH;
	result->day -= wholemonth * DAYS_PER_MONTH;
	result->month += wholemonth;

	PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

/* timestamp_pl_interval()
 * Add a interval to a timestamp data type.
 * Note that interval has provisions for qualitative year/month and day
 *	units, so try to do the right thing with them.
 * To add a month, increment the month, and use the same day of month.
 * Then, if the next month has fewer days, set the day of month
 *	to the last day of month.
 * To add a day, increment the mday, and use the same time of day.
 * Lastly, add in the "quantitative time".
 */
Datum
timestamp_pl_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
	Timestamp	result;

	if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
		result = timestamp;
	else
	{
		if (span->month != 0)
		{
			struct pg_tm tt,
					   *tm = &tt;
			fsec_t		fsec;

			if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
						 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

			tm->tm_mon += span->month;
			if (tm->tm_mon > MONTHS_PER_YEAR)
			{
				tm->tm_year += (tm->tm_mon - 1) / MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
				tm->tm_mon = ((tm->tm_mon - 1) % MONTHS_PER_YEAR) + 1;
			}
			else if (tm->tm_mon < 1)
			{
				tm->tm_year += tm->tm_mon / MONTHS_PER_YEAR - 1;
				tm->tm_mon = tm->tm_mon % MONTHS_PER_YEAR + MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
			}

			/* adjust for end of month boundary problems... */
			if (tm->tm_mday > day_tab[isleap(tm->tm_year)][tm->tm_mon - 1])
				tm->tm_mday = (day_tab[isleap(tm->tm_year)][tm->tm_mon - 1]);

			if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, NULL, &timestamp) != 0)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
						 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
		}

		if (span->day != 0)
		{
			struct pg_tm tt,
					   *tm = &tt;
			fsec_t		fsec;
			int			julian;

			if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
						 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

			/* Add days by converting to and from julian */
			julian = date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday) + span->day;
			j2date(julian, &tm->tm_year, &tm->tm_mon, &tm->tm_mday);

			if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, NULL, &timestamp) != 0)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
						 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
		}

		timestamp += span->time;
		result = timestamp;
	}

	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

Datum
timestamp_mi_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
	Interval	tspan;

	tspan.month = -span->month;
	tspan.day = -span->day;
	tspan.time = -span->time;

	return DirectFunctionCall2(timestamp_pl_interval,
							   TimestampGetDatum(timestamp),
							   PointerGetDatum(&tspan));
}


/* timestamptz_pl_interval()
 * Add a interval to a timestamp with time zone data type.
 * Note that interval has provisions for qualitative year/month
 *	units, so try to do the right thing with them.
 * To add a month, increment the month, and use the same day of month.
 * Then, if the next month has fewer days, set the day of month
 *	to the last day of month.
 * Lastly, add in the "quantitative time".
 */
Datum
timestamptz_pl_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
	Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
	TimestampTz result;
	int			tz;
	char	   *tzn;

	if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
		result = timestamp;
	else
	{
		if (span->month != 0)
		{
			struct pg_tm tt,
					   *tm = &tt;
			fsec_t		fsec;

			if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, &tz, tm, &fsec, &tzn, NULL) != 0)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
						 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

			tm->tm_mon += span->month;
			if (tm->tm_mon > MONTHS_PER_YEAR)
			{
				tm->tm_year += (tm->tm_mon - 1) / MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
				tm->tm_mon = ((tm->tm_mon - 1) % MONTHS_PER_YEAR) + 1;
			}
			else if (tm->tm_mon < 1)
			{
				tm->tm_year += tm->tm_mon / MONTHS_PER_YEAR - 1;
				tm->tm_mon = tm->tm_mon % MONTHS_PER_YEAR + MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
			}

			/* adjust for end of month boundary problems... */
			if (tm->tm_mday > day_tab[isleap(tm->tm_year)][tm->tm_mon - 1])
				tm->tm_mday = (day_tab[isleap(tm->tm_year)][tm->tm_mon - 1]);

			tz = DetermineTimeZoneOffset(tm, global_timezone);

			if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, &tz, &timestamp) != 0)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
						 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
		}

		if (span->day != 0)
		{
			struct pg_tm tt,
					   *tm = &tt;
			fsec_t		fsec;
			int			julian;

			if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, &tz, tm, &fsec, &tzn, NULL) != 0)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
						 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

			/* Add days by converting to and from julian */
			julian = date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday) + span->day;
			j2date(julian, &tm->tm_year, &tm->tm_mon, &tm->tm_mday);

			tz = DetermineTimeZoneOffset(tm, global_timezone);

			if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, &tz, &timestamp) != 0)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
						 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
		}

		timestamp += span->time;
		result = timestamp;
	}

	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

Datum
timestamptz_mi_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
	Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
	Interval	tspan;

	tspan.month = -span->month;
	tspan.day = -span->day;
	tspan.time = -span->time;

	return DirectFunctionCall2(timestamptz_pl_interval,
							   TimestampGetDatum(timestamp),
							   PointerGetDatum(&tspan));
}


Datum
interval_um(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *interval = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	Interval   *result;

	result = (Interval *) palloc(sizeof(Interval));

	result->time = -interval->time;
	result->day = -interval->day;
	result->month = -interval->month;

	PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}


Datum
interval_smaller(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
	Interval   *result;

	/* use interval_cmp_internal to be sure this agrees with comparisons */
	if (interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2) < 0)
		result = interval1;
	else
		result = interval2;
	PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

Datum
interval_larger(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *interval1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	Interval   *interval2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
	Interval   *result;

	if (interval_cmp_internal(interval1, interval2) > 0)
		result = interval1;
	else
		result = interval2;
	PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

Datum
interval_pl(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *span1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	Interval   *span2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
	Interval   *result;

	result = (Interval *) palloc(sizeof(Interval));

	result->month = span1->month + span2->month;
	result->day = span1->day + span2->day;
	result->time = span1->time + span2->time;

	PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

Datum
interval_mi(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *span1 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	Interval   *span2 = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
	Interval   *result;

	result = (Interval *) palloc(sizeof(Interval));

	result->month = span1->month - span2->month;
	result->day = span1->day - span2->day;
	result->time = span1->time - span2->time;

	PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

Datum
interval_mul(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	float8		factor = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(1);
	double		month_remainder,
				day_remainder,
				month_remainder_days;
	Interval   *result;

	result = (Interval *) palloc(sizeof(Interval));

	month_remainder = span->month * factor;
	day_remainder = span->day * factor;
	result->month = (int32) month_remainder;
	result->day = (int32) day_remainder;
	month_remainder -= result->month;
	day_remainder -= result->day;

	/*
	 * The above correctly handles the whole-number part of the month and
	 * day products, but we have to do something with any fractional part
	 * resulting when the factor is nonintegral.  We cascade the fractions
	 * down to lower units using the conversion factors DAYS_PER_MONTH and
	 * SECS_PER_DAY.  Note we do NOT cascade up, since we are not forced to
	 * do so by the representation.  The user can choose to cascade up later,
	 * using justify_hours and/or justify_days.
	 */

	/* fractional months full days into days */
	month_remainder_days = month_remainder * DAYS_PER_MONTH;
	result->day += (int32) month_remainder_days;
	/* fractional months partial days into time */
	day_remainder += month_remainder_days - (int32) month_remainder_days;

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	result->time = rint(span->time * factor + day_remainder * USECS_PER_DAY);
#else
	result->time = span->time * factor + day_remainder * SECS_PER_DAY;
#endif

	PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

Datum
mul_d_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	/* Args are float8 and Interval *, but leave them as generic Datum */
	Datum		factor = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
	Datum		span = PG_GETARG_DATUM(1);

	return DirectFunctionCall2(interval_mul, span, factor);
}

Datum
interval_div(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *span = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	float8		factor = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(1);
	double		month_remainder,
				day_remainder,
				month_remainder_days;
	Interval   *result;

	result = (Interval *) palloc(sizeof(Interval));

	if (factor == 0.0)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DIVISION_BY_ZERO),
				 errmsg("division by zero")));

	month_remainder = span->month / factor;
	day_remainder = span->day / factor;
	result->month = (int32) month_remainder;
	result->day = (int32) day_remainder;
	month_remainder -= result->month;
	day_remainder -= result->day;

	/*
	 * Handle any fractional parts the same way as in interval_mul.
	 */

	/* fractional months full days into days */
	month_remainder_days = month_remainder * DAYS_PER_MONTH;
	result->day += (int32) month_remainder_days;
	/* fractional months partial days into time */
	day_remainder += month_remainder_days - (int32) month_remainder_days;

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	result->time = rint(span->time / factor + day_remainder * USECS_PER_DAY);
#else
	result->time = span->time / factor + day_remainder * SECS_PER_DAY;
#endif

	PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

/*
 * interval_accum and interval_avg implement the AVG(interval) aggregate.
 *
 * The transition datatype for this aggregate is a 2-element array of
 * intervals, where the first is the running sum and the second contains
 * the number of values so far in its 'time' field.  This is a bit ugly
 * but it beats inventing a specialized datatype for the purpose.
 */

Datum
interval_accum(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	ArrayType  *transarray = PG_GETARG_ARRAYTYPE_P(0);
	Interval   *newval = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
	Datum	   *transdatums;
	int			ndatums;
	Interval	sumX,
				N;
	Interval   *newsum;
	ArrayType  *result;

	deconstruct_array(transarray,
					  INTERVALOID, sizeof(Interval), false, 'd',
					  &transdatums, &ndatums);
	if (ndatums != 2)
		elog(ERROR, "expected 2-element interval array");

	/*
	 * XXX memcpy, instead of just extracting a pointer, to work around buggy
	 * array code: it won't ensure proper alignment of Interval objects on
	 * machines where double requires 8-byte alignment. That should be fixed,
	 * but in the meantime...
	 *
	 * Note: must use DatumGetPointer here, not DatumGetIntervalP, else some
	 * compilers optimize into double-aligned load/store anyway.
	 */
	memcpy((void *) &sumX, DatumGetPointer(transdatums[0]), sizeof(Interval));
	memcpy((void *) &N, DatumGetPointer(transdatums[1]), sizeof(Interval));

	newsum = DatumGetIntervalP(DirectFunctionCall2(interval_pl,
												   IntervalPGetDatum(&sumX),
												 IntervalPGetDatum(newval)));
	N.time += 1;

	transdatums[0] = IntervalPGetDatum(newsum);
	transdatums[1] = IntervalPGetDatum(&N);

	result = construct_array(transdatums, 2,
							 INTERVALOID, sizeof(Interval), false, 'd');

	PG_RETURN_ARRAYTYPE_P(result);
}

Datum
interval_avg(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	ArrayType  *transarray = PG_GETARG_ARRAYTYPE_P(0);
	Datum	   *transdatums;
	int			ndatums;
	Interval	sumX,
				N;

	deconstruct_array(transarray,
					  INTERVALOID, sizeof(Interval), false, 'd',
					  &transdatums, &ndatums);
	if (ndatums != 2)
		elog(ERROR, "expected 2-element interval array");

	/*
	 * XXX memcpy, instead of just extracting a pointer, to work around buggy
	 * array code: it won't ensure proper alignment of Interval objects on
	 * machines where double requires 8-byte alignment. That should be fixed,
	 * but in the meantime...
	 *
	 * Note: must use DatumGetPointer here, not DatumGetIntervalP, else some
	 * compilers optimize into double-aligned load/store anyway.
	 */
	memcpy((void *) &sumX, DatumGetPointer(transdatums[0]), sizeof(Interval));
	memcpy((void *) &N, DatumGetPointer(transdatums[1]), sizeof(Interval));

	/* SQL92 defines AVG of no values to be NULL */
	if (N.time == 0)
		PG_RETURN_NULL();

	return DirectFunctionCall2(interval_div,
							   IntervalPGetDatum(&sumX),
							   Float8GetDatum(N.time));
}


/* timestamp_age()
 * Calculate time difference while retaining year/month fields.
 * Note that this does not result in an accurate absolute time span
 *	since year and month are out of context once the arithmetic
 *	is done.
 */
Datum
timestamp_age(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
	Timestamp	dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
	Interval   *result;
	fsec_t		fsec,
				fsec1,
				fsec2;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;
	struct pg_tm tt1,
			   *tm1 = &tt1;
	struct pg_tm tt2,
			   *tm2 = &tt2;

	result = (Interval *) palloc(sizeof(Interval));

	if (timestamp2tm(dt1, NULL, tm1, &fsec1, NULL, NULL) == 0 &&
		timestamp2tm(dt2, NULL, tm2, &fsec2, NULL, NULL) == 0)
	{
		fsec = (fsec1 - fsec2);
		tm->tm_sec = tm1->tm_sec - tm2->tm_sec;
		tm->tm_min = tm1->tm_min - tm2->tm_min;
		tm->tm_hour = tm1->tm_hour - tm2->tm_hour;
		tm->tm_mday = tm1->tm_mday - tm2->tm_mday;
		tm->tm_mon = tm1->tm_mon - tm2->tm_mon;
		tm->tm_year = tm1->tm_year - tm2->tm_year;

		/* flip sign if necessary... */
		if (dt1 < dt2)
		{
			fsec = -fsec;
			tm->tm_sec = -tm->tm_sec;
			tm->tm_min = -tm->tm_min;
			tm->tm_hour = -tm->tm_hour;
			tm->tm_mday = -tm->tm_mday;
			tm->tm_mon = -tm->tm_mon;
			tm->tm_year = -tm->tm_year;
		}

		while (tm->tm_sec < 0)
		{
			tm->tm_sec += SECS_PER_MINUTE;
			tm->tm_min--;
		}

		while (tm->tm_min < 0)
		{
			tm->tm_min += MINS_PER_HOUR;
			tm->tm_hour--;
		}

		while (tm->tm_hour < 0)
		{
			tm->tm_hour += HOURS_PER_DAY;
			tm->tm_mday--;
		}

		while (tm->tm_mday < 0)
		{
			if (dt1 < dt2)
			{
				tm->tm_mday += day_tab[isleap(tm1->tm_year)][tm1->tm_mon - 1];
				tm->tm_mon--;
			}
			else
			{
				tm->tm_mday += day_tab[isleap(tm2->tm_year)][tm2->tm_mon - 1];
				tm->tm_mon--;
			}
		}

		while (tm->tm_mon < 0)
		{
			tm->tm_mon += MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
			tm->tm_year--;
		}

		/* recover sign if necessary... */
		if (dt1 < dt2)
		{
			fsec = -fsec;
			tm->tm_sec = -tm->tm_sec;
			tm->tm_min = -tm->tm_min;
			tm->tm_hour = -tm->tm_hour;
			tm->tm_mday = -tm->tm_mday;
			tm->tm_mon = -tm->tm_mon;
			tm->tm_year = -tm->tm_year;
		}

		if (tm2interval(tm, fsec, result) != 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
					 errmsg("interval out of range")));
	}
	else
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

	PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}


/* timestamptz_age()
 * Calculate time difference while retaining year/month fields.
 * Note that this does not result in an accurate absolute time span
 *	since year and month are out of context once the arithmetic
 *	is done.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_age(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	TimestampTz dt1 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
	TimestampTz dt2 = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
	Interval   *result;
	fsec_t		fsec,
				fsec1,
				fsec2;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;
	struct pg_tm tt1,
			   *tm1 = &tt1;
	struct pg_tm tt2,
			   *tm2 = &tt2;
	int			tz1;
	int			tz2;
	char	   *tzn;

	result = (Interval *) palloc(sizeof(Interval));

	if (timestamp2tm(dt1, &tz1, tm1, &fsec1, &tzn, NULL) == 0 &&
		timestamp2tm(dt2, &tz2, tm2, &fsec2, &tzn, NULL) == 0)
	{
		fsec = fsec1 - fsec2;
		tm->tm_sec = tm1->tm_sec - tm2->tm_sec;
		tm->tm_min = tm1->tm_min - tm2->tm_min;
		tm->tm_hour = tm1->tm_hour - tm2->tm_hour;
		tm->tm_mday = tm1->tm_mday - tm2->tm_mday;
		tm->tm_mon = tm1->tm_mon - tm2->tm_mon;
		tm->tm_year = tm1->tm_year - tm2->tm_year;

		/* flip sign if necessary... */
		if (dt1 < dt2)
		{
			fsec = -fsec;
			tm->tm_sec = -tm->tm_sec;
			tm->tm_min = -tm->tm_min;
			tm->tm_hour = -tm->tm_hour;
			tm->tm_mday = -tm->tm_mday;
			tm->tm_mon = -tm->tm_mon;
			tm->tm_year = -tm->tm_year;
		}

		while (tm->tm_sec < 0)
		{
			tm->tm_sec += SECS_PER_MINUTE;
			tm->tm_min--;
		}

		while (tm->tm_min < 0)
		{
			tm->tm_min += MINS_PER_HOUR;
			tm->tm_hour--;
		}

		while (tm->tm_hour < 0)
		{
			tm->tm_hour += HOURS_PER_DAY;
			tm->tm_mday--;
		}

		while (tm->tm_mday < 0)
		{
			if (dt1 < dt2)
			{
				tm->tm_mday += day_tab[isleap(tm1->tm_year)][tm1->tm_mon - 1];
				tm->tm_mon--;
			}
			else
			{
				tm->tm_mday += day_tab[isleap(tm2->tm_year)][tm2->tm_mon - 1];
				tm->tm_mon--;
			}
		}

		while (tm->tm_mon < 0)
		{
			tm->tm_mon += MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
			tm->tm_year--;
		}

		/*
		 * Note: we deliberately ignore any difference between tz1 and tz2.
		 */

		/* recover sign if necessary... */
		if (dt1 < dt2)
		{
			fsec = -fsec;
			tm->tm_sec = -tm->tm_sec;
			tm->tm_min = -tm->tm_min;
			tm->tm_hour = -tm->tm_hour;
			tm->tm_mday = -tm->tm_mday;
			tm->tm_mon = -tm->tm_mon;
			tm->tm_year = -tm->tm_year;
		}

		if (tm2interval(tm, fsec, result) != 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
					 errmsg("interval out of range")));
	}
	else
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

	PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}


/*----------------------------------------------------------
 *	Conversion operators.
 *---------------------------------------------------------*/


/* timestamp_text()
 * Convert timestamp to text data type.
 */
Datum
timestamp_text(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	/* Input is a Timestamp, but may as well leave it in Datum form */
	Datum		timestamp = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
	text	   *result;
	char	   *str;
	int			len;

	str = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(timestamp_out, timestamp));

	len = (strlen(str) + VARHDRSZ);

	result = palloc(len);

	VARATT_SIZEP(result) = len;
	memmove(VARDATA(result), str, len - VARHDRSZ);

	pfree(str);

	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(result);
}


/* text_timestamp()
 * Convert text string to timestamp.
 * Text type is not null terminated, so use temporary string
 *	then call the standard input routine.
 */
Datum
text_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	text	   *str = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
	int			i;
	char	   *sp,
			   *dp,
				dstr[MAXDATELEN + 1];

	if (VARSIZE(str) - VARHDRSZ > MAXDATELEN)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_DATETIME_FORMAT),
				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for type timestamp: \"%s\"",
						DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout,
												   PointerGetDatum(str))))));

	sp = VARDATA(str);
	dp = dstr;
	for (i = 0; i < VARSIZE(str) - VARHDRSZ; i++)
		*dp++ = *sp++;
	*dp = '\0';

	return DirectFunctionCall3(timestamp_in,
							   CStringGetDatum(dstr),
							   ObjectIdGetDatum(InvalidOid),
							   Int32GetDatum(-1));
}


/* timestamptz_text()
 * Convert timestamp with time zone to text data type.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_text(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	/* Input is a Timestamp, but may as well leave it in Datum form */
	Datum		timestamp = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
	text	   *result;
	char	   *str;
	int			len;

	str = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(timestamptz_out, timestamp));

	len = strlen(str) + VARHDRSZ;

	result = palloc(len);

	VARATT_SIZEP(result) = len;
	memmove(VARDATA(result), str, len - VARHDRSZ);

	pfree(str);

	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(result);
}

/* text_timestamptz()
 * Convert text string to timestamp with time zone.
 * Text type is not null terminated, so use temporary string
 *	then call the standard input routine.
 */
Datum
text_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	text	   *str = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
	int			i;
	char	   *sp,
			   *dp,
				dstr[MAXDATELEN + 1];

	if (VARSIZE(str) - VARHDRSZ > MAXDATELEN)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_DATETIME_FORMAT),
				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for type timestamp with time zone: \"%s\"",
						DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout,
												   PointerGetDatum(str))))));

	sp = VARDATA(str);
	dp = dstr;
	for (i = 0; i < VARSIZE(str) - VARHDRSZ; i++)
		*dp++ = *sp++;
	*dp = '\0';

	return DirectFunctionCall3(timestamptz_in,
							   CStringGetDatum(dstr),
							   ObjectIdGetDatum(InvalidOid),
							   Int32GetDatum(-1));
}


/* interval_text()
 * Convert interval to text data type.
 */
Datum
interval_text(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *interval = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	text	   *result;
	char	   *str;
	int			len;

	str = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(interval_out,
											  IntervalPGetDatum(interval)));

	len = strlen(str) + VARHDRSZ;

	result = palloc(len);

	VARATT_SIZEP(result) = len;
	memmove(VARDATA(result), str, len - VARHDRSZ);

	pfree(str);

	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(result);
}


/* text_interval()
 * Convert text string to interval.
 * Text type may not be null terminated, so copy to temporary string
 *	then call the standard input routine.
 */
Datum
text_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	text	   *str = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
	int			i;
	char	   *sp,
			   *dp,
				dstr[MAXDATELEN + 1];

	if (VARSIZE(str) - VARHDRSZ > MAXDATELEN)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_DATETIME_FORMAT),
				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for type interval: \"%s\"",
						DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout,
												   PointerGetDatum(str))))));

	sp = VARDATA(str);
	dp = dstr;
	for (i = 0; i < (VARSIZE(str) - VARHDRSZ); i++)
		*dp++ = *sp++;
	*dp = '\0';

	return DirectFunctionCall3(interval_in,
							   CStringGetDatum(dstr),
							   ObjectIdGetDatum(InvalidOid),
							   Int32GetDatum(-1));
}

/* timestamp_trunc()
 * Truncate timestamp to specified units.
 */
Datum
timestamp_trunc(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	text	   *units = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
	Timestamp	result;
	int			type,
				val;
	char	   *lowunits;
	fsec_t		fsec;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;

	if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
		PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(timestamp);

	lowunits = downcase_truncate_identifier(VARDATA(units),
											VARSIZE(units) - VARHDRSZ,
											false);

	type = DecodeUnits(0, lowunits, &val);

	if (type == UNITS)
	{
		if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
					 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

		switch (val)
		{
			case DTK_WEEK:
				{
					int			woy;

					woy = date2isoweek(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday);

					/*
					 * If it is week 52/53 and the month is January, then the
					 * week must belong to the previous year. Also, some
					 * December dates belong to the next year.
					 */
					if (woy >= 52 && tm->tm_mon == 1)
						--tm->tm_year;
					if (woy <= 1 && tm->tm_mon == MONTHS_PER_YEAR)
						++tm->tm_year;
					isoweek2date(woy, &(tm->tm_year), &(tm->tm_mon), &(tm->tm_mday));
					tm->tm_hour = 0;
					tm->tm_min = 0;
					tm->tm_sec = 0;
					fsec = 0;
					break;
				}
			case DTK_MILLENNIUM:
				/* see comments in timestamptz_trunc */
				if (tm->tm_year > 0)
					tm->tm_year = ((tm->tm_year + 999) / 1000) * 1000 - 999;
				else
					tm->tm_year = -((999 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 1000) * 1000 + 1;
			case DTK_CENTURY:
				/* see comments in timestamptz_trunc */
				if (tm->tm_year > 0)
					tm->tm_year = ((tm->tm_year + 99) / 100) * 100 - 99;
				else
					tm->tm_year = -((99 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 100) * 100 + 1;
			case DTK_DECADE:
				/* see comments in timestamptz_trunc */
				if (val != DTK_MILLENNIUM && val != DTK_CENTURY)
				{
					if (tm->tm_year > 0)
						tm->tm_year = (tm->tm_year / 10) * 10;
					else
						tm->tm_year = -((8 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 10) * 10;
				}
			case DTK_YEAR:
				tm->tm_mon = 1;
			case DTK_QUARTER:
				tm->tm_mon = (3 * ((tm->tm_mon - 1) / 3)) + 1;
			case DTK_MONTH:
				tm->tm_mday = 1;
			case DTK_DAY:
				tm->tm_hour = 0;
			case DTK_HOUR:
				tm->tm_min = 0;
			case DTK_MINUTE:
				tm->tm_sec = 0;
			case DTK_SECOND:
				fsec = 0;
				break;

			case DTK_MILLISEC:
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
				fsec = (fsec / 1000) * 1000;
#else
				fsec = rint(fsec * 1000) / 1000;
#endif
				break;

			case DTK_MICROSEC:
#ifndef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
				fsec = rint(fsec * 1000000) / 1000000;
#endif
				break;

			default:
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
						 errmsg("timestamp units \"%s\" not supported",
								lowunits)));
				result = 0;
		}

		if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, NULL, &result) != 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
					 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
	}
	else
	{
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
				 errmsg("timestamp units \"%s\" not recognized",
						lowunits)));
		result = 0;
	}

	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

/* timestamptz_trunc()
 * Truncate timestamp to specified units.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_trunc(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	text	   *units = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
	TimestampTz result;
	int			tz;
	int			type,
				val;
	bool		redotz = false;
	char	   *lowunits;
	fsec_t		fsec;
	char	   *tzn;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;

	if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
		PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(timestamp);

	lowunits = downcase_truncate_identifier(VARDATA(units),
											VARSIZE(units) - VARHDRSZ,
											false);

	type = DecodeUnits(0, lowunits, &val);

	if (type == UNITS)
	{
		if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, &tz, tm, &fsec, &tzn, NULL) != 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
					 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

		switch (val)
		{
			case DTK_WEEK:
				{
					int			woy;

					woy = date2isoweek(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday);

					/*
					 * If it is week 52/53 and the month is January, then the
					 * week must belong to the previous year. Also, some
					 * December dates belong to the next year.
					 */
					if (woy >= 52 && tm->tm_mon == 1)
						--tm->tm_year;
					if (woy <= 1 && tm->tm_mon == MONTHS_PER_YEAR)
						++tm->tm_year;
					isoweek2date(woy, &(tm->tm_year), &(tm->tm_mon), &(tm->tm_mday));
					tm->tm_hour = 0;
					tm->tm_min = 0;
					tm->tm_sec = 0;
					fsec = 0;
					redotz = true;
					break;
				}
				/* one may consider DTK_THOUSAND and DTK_HUNDRED... */
			case DTK_MILLENNIUM:

				/*
				 * truncating to the millennium? what is this supposed to
				 * mean? let us put the first year of the millennium... i.e.
				 * -1000, 1, 1001, 2001...
				 */
				if (tm->tm_year > 0)
					tm->tm_year = ((tm->tm_year + 999) / 1000) * 1000 - 999;
				else
					tm->tm_year = -((999 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 1000) * 1000 + 1;
				/* FALL THRU */
			case DTK_CENTURY:
				/* truncating to the century? as above: -100, 1, 101... */
				if (tm->tm_year > 0)
					tm->tm_year = ((tm->tm_year + 99) / 100) * 100 - 99;
				else
					tm->tm_year = -((99 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 100) * 100 + 1;
				/* FALL THRU */
			case DTK_DECADE:

				/*
				 * truncating to the decade? first year of the decade. must
				 * not be applied if year was truncated before!
				 */
				if (val != DTK_MILLENNIUM && val != DTK_CENTURY)
				{
					if (tm->tm_year > 0)
						tm->tm_year = (tm->tm_year / 10) * 10;
					else
						tm->tm_year = -((8 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 10) * 10;
				}
				/* FALL THRU */
			case DTK_YEAR:
				tm->tm_mon = 1;
				/* FALL THRU */
			case DTK_QUARTER:
				tm->tm_mon = (3 * ((tm->tm_mon - 1) / 3)) + 1;
				/* FALL THRU */
			case DTK_MONTH:
				tm->tm_mday = 1;
				/* FALL THRU */
			case DTK_DAY:
				tm->tm_hour = 0;
				redotz = true;	/* for all cases >= DAY */
				/* FALL THRU */
			case DTK_HOUR:
				tm->tm_min = 0;
				/* FALL THRU */
			case DTK_MINUTE:
				tm->tm_sec = 0;
				/* FALL THRU */
			case DTK_SECOND:
				fsec = 0;
				break;

			case DTK_MILLISEC:
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
				fsec = (fsec / 1000) * 1000;
#else
				fsec = rint(fsec * 1000) / 1000;
#endif
				break;
			case DTK_MICROSEC:
#ifndef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
				fsec = rint(fsec * 1000000) / 1000000;
#endif
				break;

			default:
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
						 errmsg("timestamp with time zone units \"%s\" not "
								"supported", lowunits)));
				result = 0;
		}

		if (redotz)
			tz = DetermineTimeZoneOffset(tm, global_timezone);

		if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, &tz, &result) != 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
					 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
	}
	else
	{
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
			   errmsg("timestamp with time zone units \"%s\" not recognized",
					  lowunits)));
		result = 0;
	}

	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(result);
}

/* interval_trunc()
 * Extract specified field from interval.
 */
Datum
interval_trunc(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	text	   *units = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
	Interval   *interval = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
	Interval   *result;
	int			type,
				val;
	char	   *lowunits;
	fsec_t		fsec;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;

	result = (Interval *) palloc(sizeof(Interval));

	lowunits = downcase_truncate_identifier(VARDATA(units),
											VARSIZE(units) - VARHDRSZ,
											false);

	type = DecodeUnits(0, lowunits, &val);

	if (type == UNITS)
	{
		if (interval2tm(*interval, tm, &fsec) == 0)
		{
			switch (val)
			{
					/* fall through */
				case DTK_MILLENNIUM:
					/* caution: C division may have negative remainder */
					tm->tm_year = (tm->tm_year / 1000) * 1000;
				case DTK_CENTURY:
					/* caution: C division may have negative remainder */
					tm->tm_year = (tm->tm_year / 100) * 100;
				case DTK_DECADE:
					/* caution: C division may have negative remainder */
					tm->tm_year = (tm->tm_year / 10) * 10;
				case DTK_YEAR:
					tm->tm_mon = 0;
				case DTK_QUARTER:
					tm->tm_mon = 3 * (tm->tm_mon / 3);
				case DTK_MONTH:
					tm->tm_mday = 0;
				case DTK_DAY:
					tm->tm_hour = 0;
				case DTK_HOUR:
					tm->tm_min = 0;
				case DTK_MINUTE:
					tm->tm_sec = 0;
				case DTK_SECOND:
					fsec = 0;
					break;

				case DTK_MILLISEC:
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
					fsec = (fsec / 1000) * 1000;
#else
					fsec = rint(fsec * 1000) / 1000;
#endif
					break;
				case DTK_MICROSEC:
#ifndef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
					fsec = rint(fsec * 1000000) / 1000000;
#endif
					break;

				default:
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
							 errmsg("interval units \"%s\" not supported",
									lowunits)));
			}

			if (tm2interval(tm, fsec, result) != 0)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
						 errmsg("interval out of range")));
		}
		else
			elog(ERROR, "could not convert interval to tm");
	}
	else
	{
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
				 errmsg("interval units \"%s\" not recognized",
						DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout,
												 PointerGetDatum(units))))));
		*result = *interval;
	}

	PG_RETURN_INTERVAL_P(result);
}

/* isoweek2date()
 * Convert ISO week of year number to date.
 * The year field must be specified with the ISO year!
 * karel 2000/08/07
 */
void
isoweek2date(int woy, int *year, int *mon, int *mday)
{
	int			day0,
				day4,
				dayn;

	if (!*year)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
		   errmsg("cannot calculate week number without year information")));

	/* fourth day of current year */
	day4 = date2j(*year, 1, 4);

	/* day0 == offset to first day of week (Monday) */
	day0 = j2day(day4 - 1);

	dayn = ((woy - 1) * 7) + (day4 - day0);

	j2date(dayn, year, mon, mday);
}

/* date2isoweek()
 *
 *	Returns ISO week number of year.
 */
int
date2isoweek(int year, int mon, int mday)
{
	float8		result;
	int			day0,
				day4,
				dayn;

	/* current day */
	dayn = date2j(year, mon, mday);

	/* fourth day of current year */
	day4 = date2j(year, 1, 4);

	/* day0 == offset to first day of week (Monday) */
	day0 = j2day(day4 - 1);

	/*
	 * We need the first week containing a Thursday, otherwise this day falls
	 * into the previous year for purposes of counting weeks
	 */
	if (dayn < day4 - day0)
	{
		day4 = date2j(year - 1, 1, 4);

		/* day0 == offset to first day of week (Monday) */
		day0 = j2day(day4 - 1);
	}

	result = (dayn - (day4 - day0)) / 7 + 1;

	/*
	 * Sometimes the last few days in a year will fall into the first week of
	 * the next year, so check for this.
	 */
	if (result >= 52)
	{
		day4 = date2j(year + 1, 1, 4);

		/* day0 == offset to first day of week (Monday) */
		day0 = j2day(day4 - 1);

		if (dayn >= day4 - day0)
			result = (dayn - (day4 - day0)) / 7 + 1;
	}

	return (int) result;
}


/* date2isoyear()
 *
 *	Returns ISO 8601 year number.
 */
int
date2isoyear(int year, int mon, int mday)
{
	float8		result;
	int			day0,
				day4,
				dayn;

	/* current day */
	dayn = date2j(year, mon, mday);

	/* fourth day of current year */
	day4 = date2j(year, 1, 4);

	/* day0 == offset to first day of week (Monday) */
	day0 = j2day(day4 - 1);

	/*
	 * We need the first week containing a Thursday, otherwise this day falls
	 * into the previous year for purposes of counting weeks
	 */
	if (dayn < day4 - day0)
	{
		day4 = date2j(year - 1, 1, 4);

		/* day0 == offset to first day of week (Monday) */
		day0 = j2day(day4 - 1);

		year--;
	}

	result = (dayn - (day4 - day0)) / 7 + 1;

	/*
	 * Sometimes the last few days in a year will fall into the first week of
	 * the next year, so check for this.
	 */
	if (result >= 52)
	{
		day4 = date2j(year + 1, 1, 4);

		/* day0 == offset to first day of week (Monday) */
		day0 = j2day(day4 - 1);

		if (dayn >= day4 - day0)
			year++;
	}

	return year;
}


/* timestamp_part()
 * Extract specified field from timestamp.
 */
Datum
timestamp_part(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	text	   *units = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
	float8		result;
	int			type,
				val;
	char	   *lowunits;
	fsec_t		fsec;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;

	if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
	{
		result = 0;
		PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(result);
	}

	lowunits = downcase_truncate_identifier(VARDATA(units),
											VARSIZE(units) - VARHDRSZ,
											false);

	type = DecodeUnits(0, lowunits, &val);
	if (type == UNKNOWN_FIELD)
		type = DecodeSpecial(0, lowunits, &val);

	if (type == UNITS)
	{
		if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
					 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

		switch (val)
		{
			case DTK_MICROSEC:
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
				result = tm->tm_sec * 1000000.0 + fsec;
#else
				result = (tm->tm_sec + fsec) * 1000000;
#endif
				break;

			case DTK_MILLISEC:
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
				result = tm->tm_sec * 1000.0 + fsec / 1000.0;
#else
				result = (tm->tm_sec + fsec) * 1000;
#endif
				break;

			case DTK_SECOND:
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
				result = tm->tm_sec + fsec / 1000000.0;
#else
				result = tm->tm_sec + fsec;
#endif
				break;

			case DTK_MINUTE:
				result = tm->tm_min;
				break;

			case DTK_HOUR:
				result = tm->tm_hour;
				break;

			case DTK_DAY:
				result = tm->tm_mday;
				break;

			case DTK_MONTH:
				result = tm->tm_mon;
				break;

			case DTK_QUARTER:
				result = (tm->tm_mon - 1) / 3 + 1;
				break;

			case DTK_WEEK:
				result = (float8) date2isoweek(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday);
				break;

			case DTK_YEAR:
				if (tm->tm_year > 0)
					result = tm->tm_year;
				else
					/* there is no year 0, just 1 BC and 1 AD */
					result = tm->tm_year - 1;
				break;

			case DTK_DECADE:

				/*
				 * what is a decade wrt dates? let us assume that decade 199
				 * is 1990 thru 1999... decade 0 starts on year 1 BC, and -1
				 * is 11 BC thru 2 BC...
				 */
				if (tm->tm_year >= 0)
					result = tm->tm_year / 10;
				else
					result = -((8 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 10);
				break;

			case DTK_CENTURY:

				/* ----
				 * centuries AD, c>0: year in [ (c-1)* 100 + 1 : c*100 ]
				 * centuries BC, c<0: year in [ c*100 : (c+1) * 100 - 1]
				 * there is no number 0 century.
				 * ----
				 */
				if (tm->tm_year > 0)
					result = (tm->tm_year + 99) / 100;
				else
					/* caution: C division may have negative remainder */
					result = -((99 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 100);
				break;

			case DTK_MILLENNIUM:
				/* see comments above. */
				if (tm->tm_year > 0)
					result = (tm->tm_year + 999) / 1000;
				else
					result = -((999 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 1000);
				break;

			case DTK_JULIAN:
				result = date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday);
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
				result += ((((tm->tm_hour * MINS_PER_HOUR) + tm->tm_min) * SECS_PER_MINUTE) +
					tm->tm_sec + (fsec / 1000000.0)) / (double) SECS_PER_DAY;
#else
				result += ((((tm->tm_hour * MINS_PER_HOUR) + tm->tm_min) * SECS_PER_MINUTE) +
						   tm->tm_sec + fsec) / (double) SECS_PER_DAY;
#endif
				break;

			case DTK_TZ:
			case DTK_TZ_MINUTE:
			case DTK_TZ_HOUR:
			default:
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
						 errmsg("timestamp units \"%s\" not supported",
								lowunits)));
				result = 0;
		}
	}
	else if (type == RESERV)
	{
		switch (val)
		{
			case DTK_EPOCH:
				{
					int			tz;
					TimestampTz timestamptz;

					/*
					 * convert to timestamptz to produce consistent results
					 */
					if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0)
						ereport(ERROR,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
								 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

					tz = DetermineTimeZoneOffset(tm, global_timezone);

					if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, &tz, &timestamptz) != 0)
						ereport(ERROR,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
								 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
					result = (timestamptz - SetEpochTimestamp()) / 1000000.0;
#else
					result = timestamptz - SetEpochTimestamp();
#endif
					break;
				}
			case DTK_DOW:
				if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0)
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
							 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
				result = j2day(date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday));
				break;

			case DTK_DOY:
				if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0)
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
							 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
				result = (date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday)
						  - date2j(tm->tm_year, 1, 1) + 1);
				break;

			default:
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
						 errmsg("timestamp units \"%s\" not supported",
								lowunits)));
				result = 0;
		}

	}
	else
	{
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
				 errmsg("timestamp units \"%s\" not recognized", lowunits)));
		result = 0;
	}

	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(result);
}

/* timestamptz_part()
 * Extract specified field from timestamp with time zone.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_part(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	text	   *units = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
	float8		result;
	int			tz;
	int			type,
				val;
	char	   *lowunits;
	double		dummy;
	fsec_t		fsec;
	char	   *tzn;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;

	if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
	{
		result = 0;
		PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(result);
	}

	lowunits = downcase_truncate_identifier(VARDATA(units),
											VARSIZE(units) - VARHDRSZ,
											false);

	type = DecodeUnits(0, lowunits, &val);
	if (type == UNKNOWN_FIELD)
		type = DecodeSpecial(0, lowunits, &val);

	if (type == UNITS)
	{
		if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, &tz, tm, &fsec, &tzn, NULL) != 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
					 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

		switch (val)
		{
			case DTK_TZ:
				result = -tz;
				break;

			case DTK_TZ_MINUTE:
				result = -tz;
				result /= MINS_PER_HOUR;
				FMODULO(result, dummy, (double) MINS_PER_HOUR);
				break;

			case DTK_TZ_HOUR:
				dummy = -tz;
				FMODULO(dummy, result, (double) SECS_PER_HOUR);
				break;

			case DTK_MICROSEC:
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
				result = tm->tm_sec * 1000000.0 + fsec;
#else
				result = (tm->tm_sec + fsec) * 1000000;
#endif
				break;

			case DTK_MILLISEC:
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
				result = tm->tm_sec * 1000.0 + fsec / 1000.0;
#else
				result = (tm->tm_sec + fsec) * 1000;
#endif
				break;

			case DTK_SECOND:
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
				result = tm->tm_sec + fsec / 1000000.0;
#else
				result = tm->tm_sec + fsec;
#endif
				break;

			case DTK_MINUTE:
				result = tm->tm_min;
				break;

			case DTK_HOUR:
				result = tm->tm_hour;
				break;

			case DTK_DAY:
				result = tm->tm_mday;
				break;

			case DTK_MONTH:
				result = tm->tm_mon;
				break;

			case DTK_QUARTER:
				result = (tm->tm_mon - 1) / 3 + 1;
				break;

			case DTK_WEEK:
				result = (float8) date2isoweek(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday);
				break;

			case DTK_YEAR:
				if (tm->tm_year > 0)
					result = tm->tm_year;
				else
					/* there is no year 0, just 1 BC and 1 AD */
					result = tm->tm_year - 1;
				break;

			case DTK_DECADE:
				/* see comments in timestamp_part */
				if (tm->tm_year > 0)
					result = tm->tm_year / 10;
				else
					result = -((8 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 10);
				break;

			case DTK_CENTURY:
				/* see comments in timestamp_part */
				if (tm->tm_year > 0)
					result = (tm->tm_year + 99) / 100;
				else
					result = -((99 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 100);
				break;

			case DTK_MILLENNIUM:
				/* see comments in timestamp_part */
				if (tm->tm_year > 0)
					result = (tm->tm_year + 999) / 1000;
				else
					result = -((999 - (tm->tm_year - 1)) / 1000);
				break;

			case DTK_JULIAN:
				result = date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday);
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
				result += ((((tm->tm_hour * MINS_PER_HOUR) + tm->tm_min) * SECS_PER_MINUTE) +
					tm->tm_sec + (fsec / 1000000.0)) / (double) SECS_PER_DAY;
#else
				result += ((((tm->tm_hour * MINS_PER_HOUR) + tm->tm_min) * SECS_PER_MINUTE) +
						   tm->tm_sec + fsec) / (double) SECS_PER_DAY;
#endif
				break;

			default:
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
				errmsg("timestamp with time zone units \"%s\" not supported",
					   lowunits)));
				result = 0;
		}

	}
	else if (type == RESERV)
	{
		switch (val)
		{
			case DTK_EPOCH:
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
				result = (timestamp - SetEpochTimestamp()) / 1000000.0;
#else
				result = timestamp - SetEpochTimestamp();
#endif
				break;

			case DTK_DOW:
				if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, &tz, tm, &fsec, &tzn, NULL) != 0)
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
							 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
				result = j2day(date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday));
				break;

			case DTK_DOY:
				if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, &tz, tm, &fsec, &tzn, NULL) != 0)
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
							 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
				result = (date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday)
						  - date2j(tm->tm_year, 1, 1) + 1);
				break;

			default:
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
				errmsg("timestamp with time zone units \"%s\" not supported",
					   lowunits)));
				result = 0;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
			   errmsg("timestamp with time zone units \"%s\" not recognized",
					  lowunits)));

		result = 0;
	}

	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(result);
}


/* interval_part()
 * Extract specified field from interval.
 */
Datum
interval_part(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	text	   *units = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
	Interval   *interval = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(1);
	float8		result;
	int			type,
				val;
	char	   *lowunits;
	fsec_t		fsec;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;

	lowunits = downcase_truncate_identifier(VARDATA(units),
											VARSIZE(units) - VARHDRSZ,
											false);

	type = DecodeUnits(0, lowunits, &val);
	if (type == UNKNOWN_FIELD)
		type = DecodeSpecial(0, lowunits, &val);

	if (type == UNITS)
	{
		if (interval2tm(*interval, tm, &fsec) == 0)
		{
			switch (val)
			{
				case DTK_MICROSEC:
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
					result = tm->tm_sec * 1000000.0 + fsec;
#else
					result = (tm->tm_sec + fsec) * 1000000;
#endif
					break;

				case DTK_MILLISEC:
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
					result = tm->tm_sec * 1000.0 + fsec / 1000.0;
#else
					result = (tm->tm_sec + fsec) * 1000;
#endif
					break;

				case DTK_SECOND:
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
					result = tm->tm_sec + fsec / 1000000.0;
#else
					result = tm->tm_sec + fsec;
#endif
					break;

				case DTK_MINUTE:
					result = tm->tm_min;
					break;

				case DTK_HOUR:
					result = tm->tm_hour;
					break;

				case DTK_DAY:
					result = tm->tm_mday;
					break;

				case DTK_MONTH:
					result = tm->tm_mon;
					break;

				case DTK_QUARTER:
					result = (tm->tm_mon / 3) + 1;
					break;

				case DTK_YEAR:
					result = tm->tm_year;
					break;

				case DTK_DECADE:
					/* caution: C division may have negative remainder */
					result = tm->tm_year / 10;
					break;

				case DTK_CENTURY:
					/* caution: C division may have negative remainder */
					result = tm->tm_year / 100;
					break;

				case DTK_MILLENNIUM:
					/* caution: C division may have negative remainder */
					result = tm->tm_year / 1000;
					break;

				default:
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
							 errmsg("interval units \"%s\" not supported",
								 DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout,
												 PointerGetDatum(units))))));
					result = 0;
			}

		}
		else
		{
			elog(ERROR, "could not convert interval to tm");
			result = 0;
		}
	}
	else if (type == RESERV && val == DTK_EPOCH)
	{
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
		result = interval->time / 1000000.0;
#else
		result = interval->time;
#endif
		result += (DAYS_PER_YEAR * SECS_PER_DAY) * (interval->month / MONTHS_PER_YEAR);
		result += ((double) DAYS_PER_MONTH * SECS_PER_DAY) * (interval->month % MONTHS_PER_YEAR);
		result += interval->day * SECS_PER_DAY;
	}
	else
	{
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
				 errmsg("interval units \"%s\" not recognized",
						DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout,
												 PointerGetDatum(units))))));
		result = 0;
	}

	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(result);
}


/*	timestamp_zone()
 *	Encode timestamp type with specified time zone.
 *	This function is just timestamp2timestamptz() except instead of
 *	shifting to the global timezone, we shift to the specified timezone.
 *	This is different from the other AT TIME ZONE cases because instead
 *	of shifting to a _to_ a new time zone, it sets the time to _be_ the
 *	specified timezone.
 */
Datum
timestamp_zone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	text	   *zone = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
	TimestampTz result;
	int			tz;
	pg_tz	   *tzp;
	char		tzname[TZ_STRLEN_MAX + 1];
	int			len;

	if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
		PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(timestamp);

	/*
	 * Look up the requested timezone.	First we look in the timezone database
	 * (to handle cases like "America/New_York"), and if that fails, we look
	 * in the date token table (to handle cases like "EST").
	 */
	len = Min(VARSIZE(zone) - VARHDRSZ, TZ_STRLEN_MAX);
	memcpy(tzname, VARDATA(zone), len);
	tzname[len] = '\0';
	tzp = pg_tzset(tzname);
	if (tzp)
	{
		/* Apply the timezone change */
		struct pg_tm tm;
		fsec_t		fsec;

		if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, &tm, &fsec, NULL, tzp) != 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
					 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
		tz = DetermineTimeZoneOffset(&tm, tzp);
		if (tm2timestamp(&tm, fsec, &tz, &result) != 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
					 errmsg("could not convert to time zone \"%s\"",
							tzname)));
	}
	else
	{
		char	   *lowzone;
		int			type,
					val;

		lowzone = downcase_truncate_identifier(VARDATA(zone),
											   VARSIZE(zone) - VARHDRSZ,
											   false);
		type = DecodeSpecial(0, lowzone, &val);

		if (type == TZ || type == DTZ)
			tz = -(val * 60);
		else
		{
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
					 errmsg("time zone \"%s\" not recognized", tzname)));
			tz = 0;				/* keep compiler quiet */
		}

		result = dt2local(timestamp, tz);
	}

	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(result);
}

/* timestamp_izone()
 * Encode timestamp type with specified time interval as time zone.
 */
Datum
timestamp_izone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *zone = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(1);
	TimestampTz result;
	int			tz;

	if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
		PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(timestamp);

	if (zone->month != 0)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
				 errmsg("interval time zone \"%s\" must not specify month",
						DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(interval_out,
												  PointerGetDatum(zone))))));

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	tz = zone->time / USECS_PER_SEC;
#else
	tz = zone->time;
#endif

	result = dt2local(timestamp, tz);

	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(result);
}	/* timestamp_izone() */

/* timestamp_timestamptz()
 * Convert local timestamp to timestamp at GMT
 */
Datum
timestamp_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);

	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMPTZ(timestamp2timestamptz(timestamp));
}

static TimestampTz
timestamp2timestamptz(Timestamp timestamp)
{
	TimestampTz result;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;
	fsec_t		fsec;
	int			tz;

	if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
		result = timestamp;
	else
	{
		if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, NULL, tm, &fsec, NULL, NULL) != 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
					 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));

		tz = DetermineTimeZoneOffset(tm, global_timezone);

		if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, &tz, &result) != 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
					 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
	}

	return result;
}

/* timestamptz_timestamp()
 * Convert timestamp at GMT to local timestamp
 */
Datum
timestamptz_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
	Timestamp	result;
	struct pg_tm tt,
			   *tm = &tt;
	fsec_t		fsec;
	char	   *tzn;
	int			tz;

	if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
		result = timestamp;
	else
	{
		if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, &tz, tm, &fsec, &tzn, NULL) != 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
					 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
		if (tm2timestamp(tm, fsec, NULL, &result) != 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
					 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
	}
	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

/* timestamptz_zone()
 * Evaluate timestamp with time zone type at the specified time zone.
 * Returns a timestamp without time zone.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_zone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	text	   *zone = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
	Timestamp	result;
	int			tz;
	pg_tz	   *tzp;
	char		tzname[TZ_STRLEN_MAX + 1];
	int			len;

	if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
		PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(timestamp);

	/*
	 * Look up the requested timezone.	First we look in the timezone database
	 * (to handle cases like "America/New_York"), and if that fails, we look
	 * in the date token table (to handle cases like "EST").
	 */
	len = Min(VARSIZE(zone) - VARHDRSZ, TZ_STRLEN_MAX);
	memcpy(tzname, VARDATA(zone), len);
	tzname[len] = '\0';
	tzp = pg_tzset(tzname);
	if (tzp)
	{
		/* Apply the timezone change */
		struct pg_tm tm;
		fsec_t		fsec;

		if (timestamp2tm(timestamp, &tz, &tm, &fsec, NULL, tzp) != 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
					 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
		if (tm2timestamp(&tm, fsec, NULL, &result) != 0)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
					 errmsg("could not convert to time zone \"%s\"",
							tzname)));
	}
	else
	{
		char	   *lowzone;
		int			type,
					val;

		lowzone = downcase_truncate_identifier(VARDATA(zone),
											   VARSIZE(zone) - VARHDRSZ,
											   false);
		type = DecodeSpecial(0, lowzone, &val);

		if (type == TZ || type == DTZ)
			tz = val * 60;
		else
		{
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
					 errmsg("time zone \"%s\" not recognized", tzname)));
			tz = 0;				/* keep compiler quiet */
		}

		result = dt2local(timestamp, tz);
	}

	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}

/* timestamptz_izone()
 * Encode timestamp with time zone type with specified time interval as time zone.
 * Returns a timestamp without time zone.
 */
Datum
timestamptz_izone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Interval   *zone = PG_GETARG_INTERVAL_P(0);
	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(1);
	Timestamp	result;
	int			tz;

	if (TIMESTAMP_NOT_FINITE(timestamp))
		PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(timestamp);

	if (zone->month != 0)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
				 errmsg("interval time zone \"%s\" must not specify month",
						DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(interval_out,
												  PointerGetDatum(zone))))));

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
	tz = -(zone->time / USECS_PER_SEC);
#else
	tz = -zone->time;
#endif

	result = dt2local(timestamp, tz);

	PG_RETURN_TIMESTAMP(result);
}