execMain.c

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * execMain.c--
 *    top level executor interface routines
 *
 * INTERFACE ROUTINES
 *  ExecutorStart()
 *  ExecutorRun()
 *  ExecutorEnd()
 *
 *  The old ExecutorMain() has been replaced by ExecutorStart(),
 *  ExecutorRun() and ExecutorEnd()
 *
 *  These three procedures are the external interfaces to the executor.
 *  In each case, the query descriptor and the execution state is required
 *   as arguments
 * 
 *  ExecutorStart() must be called at the beginning of any execution of any 
 *  query plan and ExecutorEnd() should always be called at the end of
 *  execution of a plan.
 *  
 *  ExecutorRun accepts 'feature' and 'count' arguments that specify whether
 *  the plan is to be executed forwards, backwards, and for how many tuples.
 * 
 * Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *    $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/executor/execMain.c,v 1.22 1997/09/04 13:22:36 vadim Exp $
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#include <string.h>
#include "postgres.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"

#include "executor/executor.h"
#include "executor/execdefs.h"
#include "executor/execdebug.h"
#include "executor/nodeIndexscan.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/palloc.h"
#include "utils/acl.h"
#include "utils/syscache.h"
#include "parser/parsetree.h"		/* rt_fetch() */
#include "storage/bufmgr.h"
#include "storage/lmgr.h"
#include "storage/smgr.h"
#include "commands/async.h"
/* #include "access/localam.h" */
#include "optimizer/var.h"
#include "access/heapam.h"
#include "catalog/heap.h"
#include "commands/trigger.h"



/* decls for local routines only used within this module */
static void ExecCheckPerms(CmdType operation, int resultRelation, List *rangeTable,
			   Query *parseTree);
static TupleDesc InitPlan(CmdType operation, Query *parseTree, 
			  Plan *plan, EState *estate);
static void EndPlan(Plan *plan, EState *estate);
static TupleTableSlot *ExecutePlan(EState *estate, Plan *plan,
				   Query *parseTree, CmdType operation,
				   int numberTuples, ScanDirection direction,
				   void (*printfunc)());
static void ExecRetrieve(TupleTableSlot *slot, void (*printfunc)(),
			 EState *estate);
static void ExecAppend(TupleTableSlot *slot,ItemPointer tupleid,
		       EState *estate);
static void ExecDelete(TupleTableSlot *slot, ItemPointer tupleid,
		       EState *estate);
static void ExecReplace(TupleTableSlot *slot, ItemPointer tupleid,
			EState *estate, Query *parseTree);

/* end of local decls */

#ifdef QUERY_LIMIT
static int queryLimit = ALL_TUPLES;
#undef ALL_TUPLES
#define ALL_TUPLES queryLimit

#ifdef NOT_USED
int
ExecutorLimit(int limit)
{
    return queryLimit = limit;
}
#endif
#endif

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *   	ExecutorStart
 *   
 *      This routine must be called at the beginning of any execution of any
 *      query plan
 *      
 *      returns (AttrInfo*) which describes the attributes of the tuples to
 *      be returned by the query.
 *
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
TupleDesc
ExecutorStart(QueryDesc *queryDesc, EState *estate)
{
    TupleDesc result;

    /* sanity checks */
    Assert(queryDesc!=NULL);

    result = InitPlan(queryDesc->operation,
		      queryDesc->parsetree,
		      queryDesc->plantree,
		      estate);

    /* reset buffer refcount.  the current refcounts
     * are saved and will be restored when ExecutorEnd is called
     *
     * this makes sure that when ExecutorRun's are
     * called recursively as for postquel functions,
     * the buffers pinned by one ExecutorRun will not be
     * unpinned by another ExecutorRun.
     */
    BufferRefCountReset(estate->es_refcount); 

    return result;
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *   	ExecutorRun
 *   
 *   	This is the main routine of the executor module. It accepts
 *   	the query descriptor from the traffic cop and executes the
 *   	query plan.
 *   
 *      ExecutorStart must have been called already.
 *
 *      the different features supported are:
 *           EXEC_RUN:  retrieve all tuples in the forward direction
 *           EXEC_FOR:  retrieve 'count' number of tuples in the forward dir
 *           EXEC_BACK: retrieve 'count' number of tuples in the backward dir
 *           EXEC_RETONE: return one tuple but don't 'retrieve' it
 *                         used in postquel function processing
 *
 *
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
TupleTableSlot*
ExecutorRun(QueryDesc *queryDesc, EState *estate, int feature, int count)
{
    CmdType	operation;
    Query 	*parseTree;
    Plan	*plan;
    TupleTableSlot	*result;
    CommandDest dest;
    void	(*destination)();

    /* ----------------
     *	sanity checks
     * ----------------
     */
    Assert(queryDesc!=NULL);

    /* ----------------
     *	extract information from the query descriptor
     *  and the query feature.
     * ----------------
     */
    operation =   queryDesc->operation;
    parseTree =   queryDesc->parsetree;
    plan =	  queryDesc->plantree;
    dest =	  queryDesc->dest;
    destination = (void (*)()) DestToFunction(dest);
    estate->es_processed = 0;
    estate->es_lastoid = InvalidOid;

#if 0
    /*
     * It doesn't work in common case (i.g. if function has a aggregate).
     * Now we store parameter values before ExecutorStart. - vadim 01/22/97
     */
#ifdef INDEXSCAN_PATCH
    /*
     * If the plan is an index scan and some of the scan key are
     * function arguments rescan the indices after the parameter
     * values have been stored in the execution state.  DZ - 27-8-1996
     */
    if ((nodeTag(plan) == T_IndexScan) &&
	(((IndexScan *)plan)->indxstate->iss_RuntimeKeyInfo != NULL)) {
	ExprContext *econtext;
	econtext = ((IndexScan *)plan)->scan.scanstate->cstate.cs_ExprContext;
	ExecIndexReScan((IndexScan *)plan, econtext, plan);
    }
#endif
#endif

    switch(feature) {

    case EXEC_RUN:
      result = ExecutePlan(estate,
			   plan,
			   parseTree,
			   operation,
			   ALL_TUPLES,
			   ForwardScanDirection,
			   destination);
      break;
    case EXEC_FOR:
	result =  ExecutePlan(estate,
			      plan,
			      parseTree,
			      operation,
			      count,
			      ForwardScanDirection,
			      destination);
	break;
	
	/* ----------------
	 *	retrieve next n "backward" tuples
	 * ----------------
	 */
    case EXEC_BACK:
	result =  ExecutePlan(estate,
			      plan,
			      parseTree,
			      operation,
			      count,
			      BackwardScanDirection,
			      destination);
	break;
	
	/* ----------------
	 *	return one tuple but don't "retrieve" it.
	 *	(this is used by the rule manager..) -cim 9/14/89
	 * ----------------
	 */
    case EXEC_RETONE:
	result = ExecutePlan(estate,
			     plan,
			     parseTree,
			     operation,
			     ONE_TUPLE,
			     ForwardScanDirection,
			     destination);
	break;
    default:
	result = NULL;
	elog(DEBUG, "ExecutorRun: Unknown feature %d", feature);
	break;
    }

    return result;
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *   	ExecutorEnd
 *   
 *      This routine must be called at the end of any execution of any
 *      query plan
 *      
 *      returns (AttrInfo*) which describes the attributes of the tuples to
 *      be returned by the query.
 *
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
void
ExecutorEnd(QueryDesc *queryDesc, EState *estate)
{
  /* sanity checks */
  Assert(queryDesc!=NULL);

  EndPlan(queryDesc->plantree, estate);

  /* restore saved refcounts. */
  BufferRefCountRestore(estate->es_refcount);  
}

/* ===============================================================
 * ===============================================================
                         static routines follow 
 * ===============================================================
 * ===============================================================
 */

static void
ExecCheckPerms(CmdType operation,
	       int resultRelation,
	       List *rangeTable,
	       Query *parseTree)
{
    int i = 1;
    Oid relid;
    HeapTuple htp;
    List *lp;
    List *qvars, *tvars;
    int32 ok = 1, aclcheck_result = -1;
    char *opstr;
    NameData rname;
    char *userName;

#define CHECK(MODE)	pg_aclcheck(rname.data, userName, MODE)

    userName = GetPgUserName();

    foreach (lp, rangeTable) {
	RangeTblEntry *rte = lfirst(lp);
	
	relid = rte->relid;
	htp = SearchSysCacheTuple(RELOID,
				  ObjectIdGetDatum(relid),
				  0,0,0);
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(htp))
	    elog(WARN, "ExecCheckPerms: bogus RT relid: %d",
		 relid);
	strNcpy(rname.data,
		((Form_pg_class) GETSTRUCT(htp))->relname.data,
		NAMEDATALEN-1);
	if (i == resultRelation) {	/* this is the result relation */
	    qvars = pull_varnos(parseTree->qual);
	    tvars = pull_varnos((Node*)parseTree->targetList);
	    if (intMember(resultRelation, qvars) ||
		intMember(resultRelation, tvars)) {
		/* result relation is scanned */
		ok = ((aclcheck_result = CHECK(ACL_RD)) == ACLCHECK_OK);
		opstr = "read";
		if (!ok)
		    break;
	    }
	    switch (operation) {
	    case CMD_INSERT:
		ok = ((aclcheck_result = CHECK(ACL_AP)) == ACLCHECK_OK) ||
		     ((aclcheck_result = CHECK(ACL_WR)) == ACLCHECK_OK);
		opstr = "append";
		break;
	    case CMD_NOTIFY: /* what does this mean?? -- jw, 1/6/94 */
	    case CMD_DELETE:
	    case CMD_UPDATE:
		ok = ((aclcheck_result = CHECK(ACL_WR)) == ACLCHECK_OK);
		opstr = "write";
		break;
	    default:
		elog(WARN, "ExecCheckPerms: bogus operation %d",
		     operation);
	    }
	} else {
	    /* XXX NOTIFY?? */
	    ok = ((aclcheck_result = CHECK(ACL_RD)) == ACLCHECK_OK);
	    opstr = "read";
	}
	if (!ok)
	    break;
	++i;
    }
    if (!ok) {
	elog(WARN, "%s: %s", rname.data, aclcheck_error_strings[aclcheck_result]);
    }
}


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *   	InitPlan
 *   
 *   	Initializes the query plan: open files, allocate storage
 *   	and start up the rule manager
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static TupleDesc
InitPlan(CmdType operation, Query *parseTree, Plan *plan, EState *estate)
{	
    List 	*rangeTable;
    int		resultRelation;
    Relation    intoRelationDesc;

    TupleDesc 	tupType;
    List	*targetList;
    int		len;

    /* ----------------
     *  get information from query descriptor
     * ----------------
     */
    rangeTable =	parseTree->rtable;
    resultRelation = 	parseTree->resultRelation;

    /* ----------------
     *  initialize the node's execution state
     * ----------------
     */
    estate->es_range_table = rangeTable;

    /* ----------------
     *	initialize the BaseId counter so node base_id's
     *  are assigned correctly.  Someday baseid's will have to
     *  be stored someplace other than estate because they
     *  should be unique per query planned.
     * ----------------
     */
    estate->es_BaseId = 1;

    /* ----------------
     *	initialize result relation stuff
     * ----------------
     */

    if (resultRelation != 0 && operation != CMD_SELECT) {
	/* ----------------
	 *    if we have a result relation, open it and

	 *    initialize the result relation info stuff.
	 * ----------------
	 */
	RelationInfo	*resultRelationInfo;
	Index 		resultRelationIndex;
	RangeTblEntry	*rtentry;
	Oid		resultRelationOid;
	Relation 	resultRelationDesc;
	
	resultRelationIndex = resultRelation;
	rtentry =	      rt_fetch(resultRelationIndex, rangeTable);
	resultRelationOid =   rtentry->relid;
	resultRelationDesc =  heap_open(resultRelationOid);
	
	if ( resultRelationDesc->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_SEQUENCE )
	    elog (WARN, "You can't change sequence relation %s",
			resultRelationDesc->rd_rel->relname.data);

	/* Write-lock the result relation right away: if the relation
	   is used in a subsequent scan, we won't have to elevate the 
	   read-lock set by heap_beginscan to a write-lock (needed by 
	   heap_insert, heap_delete and heap_replace).
	   This will hopefully prevent some deadlocks.  - 01/24/94 */
	RelationSetLockForWrite(resultRelationDesc);

	resultRelationInfo = makeNode(RelationInfo);
	resultRelationInfo->ri_RangeTableIndex = resultRelationIndex;
	resultRelationInfo->ri_RelationDesc = resultRelationDesc;
	resultRelationInfo->ri_NumIndices = 0;
	resultRelationInfo->ri_IndexRelationDescs = NULL;
	resultRelationInfo->ri_IndexRelationInfo = NULL;

	/* ----------------
	 *  open indices on result relation and save descriptors
	 *  in the result relation information..
	 * ----------------
	 */
	ExecOpenIndices(resultRelationOid, resultRelationInfo);
	
	estate->es_result_relation_info = resultRelationInfo;
    } else {
	/* ----------------
	 * 	if no result relation, then set state appropriately
	 * ----------------
	 */
	estate->es_result_relation_info = NULL;
    }

#ifndef NO_SECURITY
    ExecCheckPerms(operation, resultRelation, rangeTable, parseTree);
#endif

    /* ----------------
     *    initialize the executor "tuple" table.
     * ----------------
     */
    {
	int        nSlots     = ExecCountSlotsNode(plan);
	TupleTable tupleTable = ExecCreateTupleTable(nSlots+10); /* why add ten? - jolly */
	
	estate->es_tupleTable = tupleTable;
    }

    /* ----------------
     *     initialize the private state information for
     *	   all the nodes in the query tree.  This opens
     *	   files, allocates storage and leaves us ready
     *     to start processing tuples..
     * ----------------
     */
    ExecInitNode(plan, estate, NULL);

    /* ----------------
     *     get the tuple descriptor describing the type
     *	   of tuples to return.. (this is especially important
     *	   if we are creating a relation with "retrieve into")
     * ----------------
     */
    tupType =    ExecGetTupType(plan);             /* tuple descriptor */
    targetList = plan->targetlist;
    len = 	 ExecTargetListLength(targetList); /* number of attributes */

    /* ----------------
     *    now that we have the target list, initialize the junk filter
     *    if this is a REPLACE or a DELETE query.
     *    We also init the junk filter if this is an append query
     *    (there might be some rule lock info there...)
     *    NOTE: in the future we might want to initialize the junk
     *	  filter for all queries.
     * ----------------
     */
    if (operation == CMD_UPDATE || operation == CMD_DELETE ||
	operation == CMD_INSERT) {
	
	JunkFilter *j = (JunkFilter*) ExecInitJunkFilter(targetList);
	estate->es_junkFilter = j;
    } else
	estate->es_junkFilter = NULL;

    /* ----------------
     *	initialize the "into" relation
     * ----------------
     */
    intoRelationDesc = (Relation) NULL;

    if (operation == CMD_SELECT) {
	char *intoName;
	char   archiveMode;
	Oid    intoRelationId;
	TupleDesc   tupdesc;
	
	if (!parseTree->isPortal) {
	    /*
	     * a select into table
	     */
	    if (parseTree->into != NULL) {
		/* ----------------
		 *  create the "into" relation
		 *
		 *  note: there is currently no way for the user to
		 *	  specify the desired archive mode of the
		 *	  "into" relation...
		 * ----------------
		 */
		intoName = parseTree->into;
		archiveMode = 'n';
		
		/*
		 * have to copy tupType to get rid of constraints
		 */
		tupdesc = CreateTupleDescCopy (tupType);

		/* fixup to prevent zero-length columns in create */
		setVarAttrLenForCreateTable(tupdesc, targetList, rangeTable);
		
		intoRelationId = heap_create(intoName,
					     intoName, /* not used */
					     archiveMode,
					     DEFAULT_SMGR,
					     tupdesc);
#ifdef NOT_USED	/* it's copy ... */
		resetVarAttrLenForCreateTable(tupdesc);
#endif
		FreeTupleDesc (tupdesc);

		/* ----------------
		 *  XXX rather than having to call setheapoverride(true)
		 *	and then back to false, we should change the
		 *	arguments to heap_open() instead..
		 * ----------------
		 */
		setheapoverride(true);
		
		intoRelationDesc = heap_open(intoRelationId);
		
		setheapoverride(false);
	    }
	}
    }

    estate->es_into_relation_descriptor = intoRelationDesc;

    /* ----------------
     *	return the type information..
     * ----------------
     */
/*
    attinfo = (AttrInfo *)palloc(sizeof(AttrInfo));
    attinfo->numAttr = len;
    attinfo->attrs = tupType->attrs;
*/

    return tupType;
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *   	EndPlan
 *   
 *   	Cleans up the query plan -- closes files and free up storages
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static void
EndPlan(Plan *plan, EState *estate)
{
    RelationInfo 	*resultRelationInfo;
    Relation		intoRelationDesc;

    /* ----------------
     *	get information from state
     * ----------------
     */
    resultRelationInfo =  estate->es_result_relation_info;
    intoRelationDesc =	  estate->es_into_relation_descriptor;

    /* ----------------
     *   shut down the query
     * ----------------
     */
    ExecEndNode(plan, plan);

    /* ----------------
     *    destroy the executor "tuple" table.
     * ----------------
     */
    {
	TupleTable tupleTable = (TupleTable) estate->es_tupleTable;
	ExecDestroyTupleTable(tupleTable,true);	/* was missing last arg */
	estate->es_tupleTable = NULL;
    }

    /* ----------------
     *   close the result relations if necessary
     * ----------------
     */
    if (resultRelationInfo != NULL) {
	Relation resultRelationDesc;
	
	resultRelationDesc = resultRelationInfo->ri_RelationDesc;
	heap_close(resultRelationDesc);
	
	/* ----------------
	 *  close indices on the result relation
	 * ----------------
	 */
	ExecCloseIndices(resultRelationInfo);
    }

    /* ----------------
     *   close the "into" relation if necessary
     * ----------------
     */
    if (intoRelationDesc != NULL) {
      heap_close(intoRelationDesc);
    }
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *   	ExecutePlan
 *   
 *   	processes the query plan to retrieve 'tupleCount' tuples in the
 *   	direction specified.
 *   	Retrieves all tuples if tupleCount is 0
 *
 *	result is either a slot containing a tuple in the case
 *      of a RETRIEVE or NULL otherwise.
 * 
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/* the ctid attribute is a 'junk' attribute that is removed before the
   user can see it*/

static TupleTableSlot *
ExecutePlan(EState *estate,
	    Plan *plan,
	    Query *parseTree,
	    CmdType operation,
	    int numberTuples,
	    ScanDirection direction,
	    void (*printfunc)())
{
    JunkFilter		*junkfilter;

    TupleTableSlot	*slot;
    ItemPointer		tupleid = NULL;
    ItemPointerData	tuple_ctid;
    int	 		current_tuple_count;
    TupleTableSlot	*result;	

    /* ----------------
     *	initialize local variables
     * ----------------
     */
    slot 		= NULL;
    current_tuple_count = 0;
    result 		= NULL;

    /* ----------------
     *	Set the direction.
     * ----------------
     */
    estate->es_direction = direction;

    /* ----------------
     *	Loop until we've processed the proper number
     *  of tuples from the plan..
     * ----------------
     */

    for(;;) {
	if (operation != CMD_NOTIFY) {
	    /* ----------------
	     * 	Execute the plan and obtain a tuple
	     * ----------------
	     */
	     /* at the top level, the parent of a plan (2nd arg) is itself */
	    slot = ExecProcNode(plan,plan); 
	
	    /* ----------------
	     *	if the tuple is null, then we assume
	     *	there is nothing more to process so
	     *	we just return null...
	     * ----------------
	     */
	    if (TupIsNull(slot)) {
		result = NULL;
		break;
	    }
	}
	
	/* ----------------
	 *	if we have a junk filter, then project a new
	 *	tuple with the junk removed.
	 *
	 *	Store this new "clean" tuple in the place of the 
	 *	original tuple.
	 *
	 *      Also, extract all the junk ifnormation we need.
	 * ----------------
	 */
	if ((junkfilter = estate->es_junkFilter) != (JunkFilter*)NULL) {
	    Datum 	datum;
/*	    NameData    attrName; */
	    HeapTuple 	newTuple;
	    bool 	isNull;
	    
	    /* ---------------
	     * extract the 'ctid' junk attribute.
	     * ---------------
	     */
	    if (operation == CMD_UPDATE || operation == CMD_DELETE) {
		if (! ExecGetJunkAttribute(junkfilter,
					   slot,
					   "ctid",
					   &datum,
					   &isNull))
		    elog(WARN,"ExecutePlan: NO (junk) `ctid' was found!");
		
		if (isNull) 
		    elog(WARN,"ExecutePlan: (junk) `ctid' is NULL!");
		
		tupleid = (ItemPointer) DatumGetPointer(datum);
		tuple_ctid = *tupleid; /* make sure we don't free the ctid!! */
		tupleid = &tuple_ctid;
	    }
	    
	    /* ---------------
	     * Finally create a new "clean" tuple with all junk attributes
	     * removed 
	     * ---------------
	     */
	    newTuple = ExecRemoveJunk(junkfilter, slot);
	    
	    slot = ExecStoreTuple(newTuple, /* tuple to store */
				  slot,     /* destination slot */
				  InvalidBuffer,/* this tuple has no buffer */
				  true); /* tuple should be pfreed */
	} /* if (junkfilter... */
	
	/* ----------------
	 *	now that we have a tuple, do the appropriate thing
	 *	with it.. either return it to the user, add
	 *	it to a relation someplace, delete it from a
	 *	relation, or modify some of it's attributes.
	 * ----------------
	 */
	
	switch(operation) {
	case CMD_SELECT:
	    ExecRetrieve(slot,		/* slot containing tuple */
			 printfunc,	/* print function */
			 estate);	/*  */
	    result = slot;
	    break;
	    
	case CMD_INSERT:
	    ExecAppend(slot, tupleid, estate);
	    result = NULL;
	    break;
	    
	case CMD_DELETE:
	    ExecDelete(slot, tupleid, estate);
	    result = NULL;
	    break;
	    
	case CMD_UPDATE:
	    ExecReplace(slot, tupleid, estate, parseTree);
	    result = NULL;
	    break;
	    
	    /* Total hack. I'm ignoring any accessor functions for
	       Relation, RelationTupleForm, NameData.
	       Assuming that NameData.data has offset 0.
	       */
	case CMD_NOTIFY: {
	    RelationInfo *rInfo = estate->es_result_relation_info;
	    Relation rDesc = rInfo->ri_RelationDesc;
	    Async_Notify(rDesc->rd_rel->relname.data);
	    result = NULL;
	    current_tuple_count = 0;
	    numberTuples = 1;
	    elog(DEBUG, "ExecNotify %s",&rDesc->rd_rel->relname);
	}
	    break;
	    
	default:
	    elog(DEBUG, "ExecutePlan: unknown operation in queryDesc");
	    result = NULL;
	    break;
	}
	/* ----------------
	 *	check our tuple count.. if we've returned the
	 *	proper number then return, else loop again and
	 *	process more tuples..
	 * ----------------
	 */
	current_tuple_count += 1;
	if (numberTuples == current_tuple_count)
	    break;
    }

    /* ----------------
     *	here, result is either a slot containing a tuple in the case
     *  of a RETRIEVE or NULL otherwise.
     * ----------------
     */
    return result;	    
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *	ExecRetrieve
 *
 *	RETRIEVEs are easy.. we just pass the tuple to the appropriate
 *	print function.  The only complexity is when we do a
 *	"retrieve into", in which case we insert the tuple into
 *	the appropriate relation (note: this is a newly created relation
 *	so we don't need to worry about indices or locks.)
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static void
ExecRetrieve(TupleTableSlot *slot,
	     void (*printfunc)(),
	     EState *estate)
{
    HeapTuple	tuple;
    TupleDesc 	attrtype;

    /* ----------------
     *	get the heap tuple out of the tuple table slot
     * ----------------
     */
    tuple =  slot->val;
    attrtype =	slot->ttc_tupleDescriptor;

    /* ----------------
     *	insert the tuple into the "into relation"
     * ----------------
     */
    if ( estate->es_into_relation_descriptor != NULL )
    {
    	heap_insert (estate->es_into_relation_descriptor, tuple);
    	IncrAppended();
    }

    /* ----------------
     *	send the tuple to the front end (or the screen)
     * ----------------
     */
    (*printfunc)(tuple, attrtype);
    IncrRetrieved();
    (estate->es_processed)++;
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *	ExecAppend
 *
 *	APPENDs are trickier.. we have to insert the tuple into
 *	the base relation and insert appropriate tuples into the
 *	index relations. 
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */

static void
ExecAppend(TupleTableSlot *slot,
           ItemPointer tupleid,
	   EState *estate)
{
    HeapTuple	 tuple;
    RelationInfo *resultRelationInfo;
    Relation	 resultRelationDesc;
    int		 numIndices;
    Oid	 newId;

    /* ----------------
     *	get the heap tuple out of the tuple table slot
     * ----------------
     */
    tuple = slot->val;

    /* ----------------
     *	get information on the result relation
     * ----------------
     */
    resultRelationInfo = estate->es_result_relation_info;
    resultRelationDesc = resultRelationInfo->ri_RelationDesc;

    /* ----------------
     *	have to add code to preform unique checking here.
     *  cim -12/1/89
     * ----------------
     */
    
    /* BEFORE ROW INSERT Triggers */
    if ( resultRelationDesc->trigdesc && 
    		resultRelationDesc->trigdesc->n_before_row[TRIGGER_EVENT_INSERT] > 0 )
    {
    	HeapTuple newtuple;
    	
    	newtuple = ExecBRInsertTriggers (resultRelationDesc, tuple);
    	
    	if ( newtuple == NULL )		/* "do nothing" */
    	    return;
    	    
    	if ( newtuple != tuple )	/* modified by Trigger(s) */
    	{
    	    Assert ( slot->ttc_shouldFree );
    	    pfree (tuple);
    	    slot->val = tuple = newtuple;
    	}
    }
    
    /* ----------------
     * Check the constraints of a tuple
     * ----------------
     */

    if ( resultRelationDesc->rd_att->constr )
    {
    	HeapTuple newtuple;
    	
    	newtuple = ExecConstraints ("ExecAppend", resultRelationDesc, tuple);
    	
    	if ( newtuple != tuple )		/* modified by DEFAULT */
    	{
    	    Assert ( slot->ttc_shouldFree );
    	    pfree (tuple);
    	    slot->val = tuple = newtuple;
    	}
    }
    
    /* ----------------
     *	insert the tuple
     * ----------------
     */
    newId = heap_insert(resultRelationDesc, /* relation desc */
			tuple);		    /* heap tuple */
    IncrAppended();

    /* ----------------
     *	process indices
     * 
     *	Note: heap_insert adds a new tuple to a relation.  As a side
     *  effect, the tupleid of the new tuple is placed in the new
     *  tuple's t_ctid field.
     * ----------------
     */
    numIndices = resultRelationInfo->ri_NumIndices;
    if (numIndices > 0) {
	ExecInsertIndexTuples(slot, &(tuple->t_ctid), estate, false);
    }
    (estate->es_processed)++;
    estate->es_lastoid = newId;
    
    /* AFTER ROW INSERT Triggers */
    if ( resultRelationDesc->trigdesc && 
    		resultRelationDesc->trigdesc->n_after_row[TRIGGER_EVENT_INSERT] > 0 )
    	ExecARInsertTriggers (resultRelationDesc, tuple);
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *	ExecDelete
 *
 *	DELETE is like append, we delete the tuple and its
 *	index tuples. 
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static void
ExecDelete(TupleTableSlot *slot,
	   ItemPointer tupleid,
	   EState *estate)
{
    RelationInfo *resultRelationInfo;
    Relation	 resultRelationDesc;

    /* ----------------
     *	get the result relation information
     * ----------------
     */
    resultRelationInfo = estate->es_result_relation_info;
    resultRelationDesc = resultRelationInfo->ri_RelationDesc;
    
    /* BEFORE ROW DELETE Triggers */
    if ( resultRelationDesc->trigdesc && 
    		resultRelationDesc->trigdesc->n_before_row[TRIGGER_EVENT_DELETE] > 0 )
    {
    	bool dodelete;
    	
    	dodelete = ExecBRDeleteTriggers (resultRelationDesc, tupleid);
    	
    	if ( !dodelete )		/* "do nothing" */
    	    return;
    }
    
    /* ----------------
     *	delete the tuple
     * ----------------
     */
    if ( heap_delete(resultRelationDesc,	/* relation desc */
				tupleid) )	/* item pointer to tuple */
    	return;
    
    IncrDeleted();
    (estate->es_processed)++;

    /* ----------------
     *	Note: Normally one would think that we have to
     *	      delete index tuples associated with the
     *	      heap tuple now..
     *
     *	      ... but in POSTGRES, we have no need to do this
     *        because the vacuum daemon automatically
     *	      opens an index scan and deletes index tuples
     *	      when it finds deleted heap tuples. -cim 9/27/89
     * ----------------
     */
    
    /* AFTER ROW DELETE Triggers */
    if ( resultRelationDesc->trigdesc && 
    		resultRelationDesc->trigdesc->n_after_row[TRIGGER_EVENT_DELETE] > 0 )
    	ExecARDeleteTriggers (resultRelationDesc, tupleid);

}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *	ExecReplace
 *
 *	note: we can't run replace queries with transactions
 *  	off because replaces are actually appends and our
 *  	scan will mistakenly loop forever, replacing the tuple
 *  	it just appended..  This should be fixed but until it
 *  	is, we don't want to get stuck in an infinite loop
 *  	which corrupts your database..
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static void
ExecReplace(TupleTableSlot *slot,
	    ItemPointer tupleid,
	    EState *estate,
	    Query *parseTree)
{
    HeapTuple		tuple;
    RelationInfo 	*resultRelationInfo;
    Relation	 	resultRelationDesc;
    int		 	numIndices;

    /* ----------------
     *	abort the operation if not running transactions
     * ----------------
     */
    if (IsBootstrapProcessingMode()) {
	elog(DEBUG, "ExecReplace: replace can't run without transactions");
	return;
    }

    /* ----------------
     *	get the heap tuple out of the tuple table slot
     * ----------------
     */
    tuple = slot->val;

    /* ----------------
     *	get the result relation information
     * ----------------
     */
    resultRelationInfo = estate->es_result_relation_info;
    resultRelationDesc = resultRelationInfo->ri_RelationDesc;

    /* ----------------
     *	have to add code to preform unique checking here.
     *  in the event of unique tuples, this becomes a deletion
     *  of the original tuple affected by the replace.
     *  cim -12/1/89
     * ----------------
     */
    
    /* BEFORE ROW UPDATE Triggers */
    if ( resultRelationDesc->trigdesc && 
    		resultRelationDesc->trigdesc->n_before_row[TRIGGER_EVENT_UPDATE] > 0 )
    {
    	HeapTuple newtuple;
    	
    	newtuple = ExecBRUpdateTriggers (resultRelationDesc, tupleid, tuple);
    	
    	if ( newtuple == NULL )		/* "do nothing" */
    	    return;
    	    
    	if ( newtuple != tuple )	/* modified by Trigger(s) */
    	{
    	    Assert ( slot->ttc_shouldFree );
    	    pfree (tuple);
    	    slot->val = tuple = newtuple;
    	}
    }

    /* ----------------
     * Check the constraints of a tuple
     * ----------------
     */

    if ( resultRelationDesc->rd_att->constr )
    {
    	HeapTuple newtuple;
    	
    	newtuple = ExecConstraints ("ExecReplace", resultRelationDesc, tuple);
    	
    	if ( newtuple != tuple )		/* modified by DEFAULT */
    	{
    	    Assert ( slot->ttc_shouldFree );
    	    pfree (tuple);
    	    slot->val = tuple = newtuple;
    	}
    }

    /* ----------------
     *	replace the heap tuple
     *
     * Don't want to continue if our heap_replace didn't actually
     * do a replace. This would be the case if heap_replace 
     * detected a non-functional update. -kw 12/30/93
     * ----------------
     */
    if (heap_replace(resultRelationDesc, /* relation desc */
		     tupleid,		 /* item ptr of tuple to replace */
		     tuple)) {		 /* replacement heap tuple */
	return;
    }

    IncrReplaced();
    (estate->es_processed)++;

    /* ----------------
     *	Note: instead of having to update the old index tuples
     *        associated with the heap tuple, all we do is form
     *	      and insert new index tuples..  This is because
     *        replaces are actually deletes and inserts and
     *	      index tuple deletion is done automagically by
     *	      the vaccuum deamon.. All we do is insert new
     *	      index tuples.  -cim 9/27/89
     * ----------------
     */

    /* ----------------
     *	process indices
     *
     *	heap_replace updates a tuple in the base relation by invalidating
     *  it and then appending a new tuple to the relation.  As a side
     *  effect, the tupleid of the new tuple is placed in the new
     *  tuple's t_ctid field.  So we now insert index tuples using
     *  the new tupleid stored there.
     * ----------------
     */

    numIndices = resultRelationInfo->ri_NumIndices;
    if (numIndices > 0) {
	ExecInsertIndexTuples(slot, &(tuple->t_ctid), estate, true);
    }
    
    /* AFTER ROW UPDATE Triggers */
    if ( resultRelationDesc->trigdesc && 
    		resultRelationDesc->trigdesc->n_after_row[TRIGGER_EVENT_UPDATE] > 0 )
    	ExecARUpdateTriggers (resultRelationDesc, tupleid, tuple);
}

static HeapTuple
ExecAttrDefault (Relation rel, HeapTuple tuple)
{
    int ndef = rel->rd_att->constr->num_defval;
    AttrDefault *attrdef = rel->rd_att->constr->defval;
    ExprContext *econtext = makeNode (ExprContext);
    HeapTuple newtuple;
    Node *expr;
    bool isnull;
    bool isdone;
    Datum val;
    Datum *replValue = NULL;
    char *replNull = NULL;
    char *repl = NULL;
    int i;
    
    econtext->ecxt_scantuple = NULL;		/* scan tuple slot */
    econtext->ecxt_innertuple = NULL;		/* inner tuple slot */
    econtext->ecxt_outertuple = NULL;		/* outer tuple slot */
    econtext->ecxt_relation = NULL;		/* relation */
    econtext->ecxt_relid = 0;			/* relid */
    econtext->ecxt_param_list_info = NULL;	/* param list info */
    econtext->ecxt_range_table = NULL;		/* range table */
    for (i = 0; i < ndef; i++)
    {
    	if ( !heap_attisnull (tuple, attrdef[i].adnum) )
    	    continue;
    	expr = (Node*) stringToNode (attrdef[i].adbin);
    	
    	val = ExecEvalExpr (expr, econtext, &isnull, &isdone);
    	
    	pfree (expr);

    	if ( isnull )
    	    continue;
    	
    	if ( repl == NULL )
    	{
    	    repl = (char*) palloc (rel->rd_att->natts * sizeof (char));
    	    replNull = (char*) palloc (rel->rd_att->natts * sizeof (char));
    	    replValue = (Datum*) palloc (rel->rd_att->natts * sizeof (Datum));
    	    memset (repl, ' ', rel->rd_att->natts * sizeof (char));
    	}
    	
    	repl[attrdef[i].adnum - 1] = 'r';
    	replNull[attrdef[i].adnum - 1] = ' ';
    	replValue[attrdef[i].adnum - 1] = val;
    	
    }
    
    pfree (econtext);
    
    if ( repl == NULL )
    	return (tuple);
    
    newtuple = heap_modifytuple (tuple, InvalidBuffer, rel, replValue, replNull, repl);
    
    pfree (repl);
    pfree (replNull);
    pfree (replValue);
    
    return (newtuple);
    
}

static char *
ExecRelCheck (Relation rel, HeapTuple tuple)
{
    int ncheck = rel->rd_att->constr->num_check;
    ConstrCheck *check = rel->rd_att->constr->check;
    ExprContext *econtext = makeNode (ExprContext);
    TupleTableSlot *slot = makeNode (TupleTableSlot);
    RangeTblEntry *rte = makeNode (RangeTblEntry);
    List *rtlist;
    List *qual;
    bool res;
    int i;
    
    slot->val = tuple;
    slot->ttc_shouldFree = false;
    slot->ttc_descIsNew = true;
    slot->ttc_tupleDescriptor = rel->rd_att;
    slot->ttc_buffer = InvalidBuffer;
    slot->ttc_whichplan = -1;
    rte->relname = nameout (&(rel->rd_rel->relname));
    rte->timeRange = NULL;
    rte->refname = rte->relname;
    rte->relid = rel->rd_id;
    rte->inh = false;
    rte->archive = false;
    rte->inFromCl = true;
    rte->timeQual = NULL;
    rtlist = lcons (rte, NIL);
    econtext->ecxt_scantuple = slot; 		/* scan tuple slot */
    econtext->ecxt_innertuple = NULL;		/* inner tuple slot */
    econtext->ecxt_outertuple = NULL;		/* outer tuple slot */
    econtext->ecxt_relation = rel;		/* relation */
    econtext->ecxt_relid = 0;			/* relid */
    econtext->ecxt_param_list_info = NULL;	/* param list info */
    econtext->ecxt_range_table = rtlist;	/* range table */
    
    for (i = 0; i < ncheck; i++)
    {
    	qual = (List*) stringToNode (check[i].ccbin);
    	
    	res = ExecQual (qual, econtext);
    	
    	pfree (qual);
    	
    	if ( !res )
    	    return (check[i].ccname);
    }
    
    pfree (slot);
    pfree (rte->relname);
    pfree (rte);
    pfree (rtlist);
    pfree (econtext);
    
    return ((char *) NULL);
    
}

HeapTuple
ExecConstraints (char *caller, Relation rel, HeapTuple tuple)
{
    HeapTuple newtuple = tuple;
    
    Assert ( rel->rd_att->constr );
    
    if ( rel->rd_att->constr->num_defval > 0 )
    	newtuple = tuple = ExecAttrDefault (rel, tuple);
    	    
    if ( rel->rd_att->constr->has_not_null )
    {
	int attrChk;
	
	for (attrChk = 1; attrChk <= rel->rd_att->natts; attrChk++)
	{
	    if (rel->rd_att->attrs[attrChk-1]->attnotnull && heap_attisnull (tuple,attrChk))
    	    	    elog(WARN,"%s: Fail to add null value in not null attribute %s",
	    	    	caller, rel->rd_att->attrs[attrChk-1]->attname.data);
    	}
    }
    
    if ( rel->rd_att->constr->num_check > 0 )
    {
    	char *failed;
    	    
    	if ( ( failed = ExecRelCheck (rel, tuple) ) != NULL )
    	    	elog(WARN,"%s: rejected due to CHECK constraint %s", caller, failed);
    }

    return (newtuple);
}