plperl.c

/**********************************************************************
 * plperl.c - perl as a procedural language for PostgreSQL
 *
 *	  $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/pl/plperl/plperl.c,v 1.117 2006/08/13 17:31:10 momjian Exp $
 *
 **********************************************************************/

#include "postgres.h"
/* Defined by Perl */
#undef _

/* system stuff */
#include <ctype.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <locale.h>

/* postgreSQL stuff */
#include "commands/trigger.h"
#include "executor/spi.h"
#include "funcapi.h"
#include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
#include "parser/parse_type.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
#include "utils/typcache.h"

/* define this before the perl headers get a chance to mangle DLLIMPORT */
extern DLLIMPORT bool check_function_bodies;

/* perl stuff */
#include "plperl.h"

PG_MODULE_MAGIC;

/**********************************************************************
 * The information we cache about loaded procedures
 **********************************************************************/
typedef struct plperl_proc_desc
{
	char	   *proname;
	TransactionId fn_xmin;
	CommandId	fn_cmin;
	bool		fn_readonly;
	bool		lanpltrusted;
	bool		fn_retistuple;	/* true, if function returns tuple */
	bool		fn_retisset;	/* true, if function returns set */
	bool		fn_retisarray;	/* true if function returns array */
	Oid			result_oid;		/* Oid of result type */
	FmgrInfo	result_in_func; /* I/O function and arg for result type */
	Oid			result_typioparam;
	int			nargs;
	FmgrInfo	arg_out_func[FUNC_MAX_ARGS];
	bool		arg_is_rowtype[FUNC_MAX_ARGS];
	SV		   *reference;
} plperl_proc_desc;

/*
 * The information we cache for the duration of a single call to a
 * function.
 */
typedef struct plperl_call_data
{
	plperl_proc_desc *prodesc;
	FunctionCallInfo  fcinfo;
	Tuplestorestate  *tuple_store;
	TupleDesc		  ret_tdesc;
	AttInMetadata	 *attinmeta;
	MemoryContext	  tmp_cxt;
} plperl_call_data;

/**********************************************************************
 * The information we cache about prepared and saved plans
 **********************************************************************/
typedef struct plperl_query_desc
{
	char		qname[sizeof(long) * 2 + 1];
	void	   *plan;
	int			nargs;
	Oid		   *argtypes;
	FmgrInfo   *arginfuncs;
	Oid		   *argtypioparams;
} plperl_query_desc;

/**********************************************************************
 * Global data
 **********************************************************************/
static bool plperl_safe_init_done = false;
static PerlInterpreter *plperl_interp = NULL;
static HV  *plperl_proc_hash = NULL;
static HV  *plperl_query_hash = NULL;

static bool plperl_use_strict = false;

/* this is saved and restored by plperl_call_handler */
static plperl_call_data *current_call_data = NULL;

/**********************************************************************
 * Forward declarations
 **********************************************************************/
Datum		plperl_call_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
Datum		plperl_validator(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
void		_PG_init(void);

static void plperl_init_interp(void);

static Datum plperl_func_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);

static Datum plperl_trigger_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
static plperl_proc_desc *compile_plperl_function(Oid fn_oid, bool is_trigger);

static SV  *plperl_hash_from_tuple(HeapTuple tuple, TupleDesc tupdesc);
static void plperl_init_shared_libs(pTHX);
static HV  *plperl_spi_execute_fetch_result(SPITupleTable *, int, int);

/*
 * This routine is a crock, and so is everyplace that calls it.  The problem
 * is that the cached form of plperl functions/queries is allocated permanently
 * (mostly via malloc()) and never released until backend exit.  Subsidiary
 * data structures such as fmgr info records therefore must live forever
 * as well.  A better implementation would store all this stuff in a per-
 * function memory context that could be reclaimed at need.  In the meantime,
 * fmgr_info_cxt must be called specifying TopMemoryContext so that whatever
 * it might allocate, and whatever the eventual function might allocate using
 * fn_mcxt, will live forever too.
 */
static void
perm_fmgr_info(Oid functionId, FmgrInfo *finfo)
{
	fmgr_info_cxt(functionId, finfo, TopMemoryContext);
}


/*
 * _PG_init()			- library load-time initialization
 *
 * DO NOT make this static nor change its name!
 */
void
_PG_init(void)
{
	/* Be sure we do initialization only once (should be redundant now) */
	static bool inited = false;

	if (inited)
		return;

	DefineCustomBoolVariable("plperl.use_strict",
	  "If true, will compile trusted and untrusted perl code in strict mode",
							 NULL,
							 &plperl_use_strict,
							 PGC_USERSET,
							 NULL, NULL);

	EmitWarningsOnPlaceholders("plperl");

	plperl_init_interp();

	inited = true;
}

/* Each of these macros must represent a single string literal */

#define PERLBOOT \
	"SPI::bootstrap(); use vars qw(%_SHARED);" \
	"sub ::plperl_warn { my $msg = shift; " \
	"       $msg =~ s/\\(eval \\d+\\) //g; &elog(&NOTICE, $msg); } " \
	"$SIG{__WARN__} = \\&::plperl_warn; " \
	"sub ::plperl_die { my $msg = shift; " \
	"       $msg =~ s/\\(eval \\d+\\) //g; die $msg; } " \
	"$SIG{__DIE__} = \\&::plperl_die; " \
	"sub ::mkunsafefunc {" \
	"      my $ret = eval(qq[ sub { $_[0] $_[1] } ]); " \
	"      $@ =~ s/\\(eval \\d+\\) //g if $@; return $ret; }" \
	"use strict; " \
	"sub ::mk_strict_unsafefunc {" \
	"      my $ret = eval(qq[ sub { use strict; $_[0] $_[1] } ]); " \
	"      $@ =~ s/\\(eval \\d+\\) //g if $@; return $ret; } " \
	"sub ::_plperl_to_pg_array {" \
	"  my $arg = shift; ref $arg eq 'ARRAY' || return $arg; " \
	"  my $res = ''; my $first = 1; " \
	"  foreach my $elem (@$arg) " \
	"  { " \
	"    $res .= ', ' unless $first; $first = undef; " \
	"    if (ref $elem) " \
	"    { " \
	"      $res .= _plperl_to_pg_array($elem); " \
	"    } " \
	"    elsif (defined($elem)) " \
	"    { " \
	"      my $str = qq($elem); " \
	"      $str =~ s/([\"\\\\])/\\\\$1/g; " \
	"      $res .= qq(\"$str\"); " \
	"    } " \
	"    else " \
	"    { "\
	"      $res .= 'NULL' ; " \
	"    } "\
	"  } " \
	"  return qq({$res}); " \
	"} "

#define SAFE_MODULE \
	"require Safe; $Safe::VERSION"

#define SAFE_OK \
	"use vars qw($PLContainer); $PLContainer = new Safe('PLPerl');" \
	"$PLContainer->permit_only(':default');" \
	"$PLContainer->permit(qw[:base_math !:base_io sort time]);" \
	"$PLContainer->share(qw[&elog &spi_exec_query &return_next " \
	"&spi_query &spi_fetchrow &spi_cursor_close " \
	"&spi_prepare &spi_exec_prepared &spi_query_prepared &spi_freeplan " \
	"&_plperl_to_pg_array " \
	"&DEBUG &LOG &INFO &NOTICE &WARNING &ERROR %_SHARED ]);" \
	"sub ::mksafefunc {" \
	"      my $ret = $PLContainer->reval(qq[sub { $_[0] $_[1] }]); " \
	"      $@ =~ s/\\(eval \\d+\\) //g if $@; return $ret; }" \
	"$PLContainer->permit('require'); $PLContainer->reval('use strict;');" \
	"$PLContainer->deny('require');" \
	"sub ::mk_strict_safefunc {" \
	"      my $ret = $PLContainer->reval(qq[sub { BEGIN { strict->import(); } $_[0] $_[1] }]); " \
	"      $@ =~ s/\\(eval \\d+\\) //g if $@; return $ret; }"

#define SAFE_BAD \
	"use vars qw($PLContainer); $PLContainer = new Safe('PLPerl');" \
	"$PLContainer->permit_only(':default');" \
	"$PLContainer->share(qw[&elog &ERROR ]);" \
	"sub ::mksafefunc { return $PLContainer->reval(qq[sub { " \
	"      elog(ERROR,'trusted Perl functions disabled - " \
	"      please upgrade Perl Safe module to version 2.09 or later');}]); }" \
	"sub ::mk_strict_safefunc { return $PLContainer->reval(qq[sub { " \
	"      elog(ERROR,'trusted Perl functions disabled - " \
	"      please upgrade Perl Safe module to version 2.09 or later');}]); }"


static void
plperl_init_interp(void)
{
	static char *embedding[3] = {
		"", "-e", PERLBOOT
	};

#ifdef WIN32

	/* 
	 * The perl library on startup does horrible things like call
	 * setlocale(LC_ALL,""). We have protected against that on most
	 * platforms by setting the environment appropriately. However, on
	 * Windows, setlocale() does not consult the environment, so we need
	 * to save the existing locale settings before perl has a chance to 
	 * mangle them and restore them after its dirty deeds are done.
	 *
	 * MSDN ref:
	 * http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/vclib/html/_crt_locale.asp
	 *
	 * It appears that we only need to do this on interpreter startup, and
	 * subsequent calls to the interpreter don't mess with the locale
	 * settings.
	 *
	 * We restore them using Perl's POSIX::setlocale() function so that
	 * Perl doesn't have a different idea of the locale from Postgres.
	 *
	 */

	char *loc;
	char *save_collate, *save_ctype, *save_monetary, *save_numeric, *save_time;
	char buf[1024];

	loc = setlocale(LC_COLLATE,NULL);
	save_collate = loc ? pstrdup(loc) : NULL;
	loc = setlocale(LC_CTYPE,NULL);
	save_ctype = loc ? pstrdup(loc) : NULL;
	loc = setlocale(LC_MONETARY,NULL);
	save_monetary = loc ? pstrdup(loc) : NULL;
	loc = setlocale(LC_NUMERIC,NULL);
	save_numeric = loc ? pstrdup(loc) : NULL;
	loc = setlocale(LC_TIME,NULL);
	save_time = loc ? pstrdup(loc) : NULL;

#endif

	plperl_interp = perl_alloc();
	if (!plperl_interp)
		elog(ERROR, "could not allocate Perl interpreter");

	perl_construct(plperl_interp);
	perl_parse(plperl_interp, plperl_init_shared_libs, 3, embedding, NULL);
	perl_run(plperl_interp);

	plperl_proc_hash = newHV();
	plperl_query_hash = newHV();

#ifdef WIN32

	eval_pv("use POSIX qw(locale_h);", TRUE); /* croak on failure */

	if (save_collate != NULL)
	{
		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"setlocale(%s,'%s');",
				 "LC_COLLATE",save_collate);
		eval_pv(buf,TRUE);
		pfree(save_collate);
	}
	if (save_ctype != NULL)
	{
		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"setlocale(%s,'%s');",
				 "LC_CTYPE",save_ctype);
		eval_pv(buf,TRUE);
		pfree(save_ctype);
	}
	if (save_monetary != NULL)
	{
		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"setlocale(%s,'%s');",
				 "LC_MONETARY",save_monetary);
		eval_pv(buf,TRUE);
		pfree(save_monetary);
	}
	if (save_numeric != NULL)
	{
		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"setlocale(%s,'%s');",
				 "LC_NUMERIC",save_numeric);
		eval_pv(buf,TRUE);
		pfree(save_numeric);
	}
	if (save_time != NULL)
	{
		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),"setlocale(%s,'%s');",
				 "LC_TIME",save_time);
		eval_pv(buf,TRUE);
		pfree(save_time);
	}

#endif

}


static void
plperl_safe_init(void)
{
	SV		   *res;
	double		safe_version;

	res = eval_pv(SAFE_MODULE, FALSE);	/* TRUE = croak if failure */

	safe_version = SvNV(res);

	/*
	 * We actually want to reject safe_version < 2.09, but it's risky to
	 * assume that floating-point comparisons are exact, so use a slightly
	 * smaller comparison value.
	 */
	if (safe_version < 2.0899)
	{
		/* not safe, so disallow all trusted funcs */
		eval_pv(SAFE_BAD, FALSE);
	}
	else
	{
		eval_pv(SAFE_OK, FALSE);
	}

	plperl_safe_init_done = true;
}

/*
 * Perl likes to put a newline after its error messages; clean up such
 */
static char *
strip_trailing_ws(const char *msg)
{
	char	   *res = pstrdup(msg);
	int			len = strlen(res);

	while (len > 0 && isspace((unsigned char) res[len - 1]))
		res[--len] = '\0';
	return res;
}


/* Build a tuple from a hash. */

static HeapTuple
plperl_build_tuple_result(HV *perlhash, AttInMetadata *attinmeta)
{
	TupleDesc	td = attinmeta->tupdesc;
	char	  **values;
	SV		   *val;
	char	   *key;
	I32			klen;
	HeapTuple	tup;

	values = (char **) palloc0(td->natts * sizeof(char *));

	hv_iterinit(perlhash);
	while ((val = hv_iternextsv(perlhash, &key, &klen)))
	{
		int			attn = SPI_fnumber(td, key);

		if (attn <= 0 || td->attrs[attn - 1]->attisdropped)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_COLUMN),
					 errmsg("Perl hash contains nonexistent column \"%s\"",
							key)));
		if (SvOK(val) && SvTYPE(val) != SVt_NULL)
			values[attn - 1] = SvPV(val, PL_na);
	}
	hv_iterinit(perlhash);

	tup = BuildTupleFromCStrings(attinmeta, values);
	pfree(values);
	return tup;
}

/*
 * convert perl array to postgres string representation
 */
static SV  *
plperl_convert_to_pg_array(SV *src)
{
	SV		   *rv;
	int			count;

	dSP;

	PUSHMARK(SP);
	XPUSHs(src);
	PUTBACK;

	count = call_pv("::_plperl_to_pg_array", G_SCALAR);

	SPAGAIN;

	if (count != 1)
		elog(ERROR, "unexpected _plperl_to_pg_array failure");

	rv = POPs;

	PUTBACK;

	return rv;
}


/* Set up the arguments for a trigger call. */

static SV  *
plperl_trigger_build_args(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
{
	TriggerData *tdata;
	TupleDesc	tupdesc;
	int			i;
	char	   *level;
	char	   *event;
	char	   *relid;
	char	   *when;
	HV		   *hv;

	hv = newHV();

	tdata = (TriggerData *) fcinfo->context;
	tupdesc = tdata->tg_relation->rd_att;

	relid = DatumGetCString(
							DirectFunctionCall1(oidout,
								  ObjectIdGetDatum(tdata->tg_relation->rd_id)
												)
		);

	hv_store(hv, "name", 4, newSVpv(tdata->tg_trigger->tgname, 0), 0);
	hv_store(hv, "relid", 5, newSVpv(relid, 0), 0);

	if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_INSERT(tdata->tg_event))
	{
		event = "INSERT";
		if (TRIGGER_FIRED_FOR_ROW(tdata->tg_event))
			hv_store(hv, "new", 3,
					 plperl_hash_from_tuple(tdata->tg_trigtuple, tupdesc),
					 0);
	}
	else if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_DELETE(tdata->tg_event))
	{
		event = "DELETE";
		if (TRIGGER_FIRED_FOR_ROW(tdata->tg_event))
			hv_store(hv, "old", 3,
					 plperl_hash_from_tuple(tdata->tg_trigtuple, tupdesc),
					 0);
	}
	else if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_UPDATE(tdata->tg_event))
	{
		event = "UPDATE";
		if (TRIGGER_FIRED_FOR_ROW(tdata->tg_event))
		{
			hv_store(hv, "old", 3,
					 plperl_hash_from_tuple(tdata->tg_trigtuple, tupdesc),
					 0);
			hv_store(hv, "new", 3,
					 plperl_hash_from_tuple(tdata->tg_newtuple, tupdesc),
					 0);
		}
	}
	else
		event = "UNKNOWN";

	hv_store(hv, "event", 5, newSVpv(event, 0), 0);
	hv_store(hv, "argc", 4, newSViv(tdata->tg_trigger->tgnargs), 0);

	if (tdata->tg_trigger->tgnargs > 0)
	{
		AV		   *av = newAV();

		for (i = 0; i < tdata->tg_trigger->tgnargs; i++)
			av_push(av, newSVpv(tdata->tg_trigger->tgargs[i], 0));
		hv_store(hv, "args", 4, newRV_noinc((SV *) av), 0);
	}

	hv_store(hv, "relname", 7,
			 newSVpv(SPI_getrelname(tdata->tg_relation), 0), 0);

	hv_store(hv, "table_name", 10,
			 newSVpv(SPI_getrelname(tdata->tg_relation), 0), 0);

	hv_store(hv, "table_schema", 12,
			 newSVpv(SPI_getnspname(tdata->tg_relation), 0), 0);

	if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BEFORE(tdata->tg_event))
		when = "BEFORE";
	else if (TRIGGER_FIRED_AFTER(tdata->tg_event))
		when = "AFTER";
	else
		when = "UNKNOWN";
	hv_store(hv, "when", 4, newSVpv(when, 0), 0);

	if (TRIGGER_FIRED_FOR_ROW(tdata->tg_event))
		level = "ROW";
	else if (TRIGGER_FIRED_FOR_STATEMENT(tdata->tg_event))
		level = "STATEMENT";
	else
		level = "UNKNOWN";
	hv_store(hv, "level", 5, newSVpv(level, 0), 0);

	return newRV_noinc((SV *) hv);
}


/* Set up the new tuple returned from a trigger. */

static HeapTuple
plperl_modify_tuple(HV *hvTD, TriggerData *tdata, HeapTuple otup)
{
	SV		  **svp;
	HV		   *hvNew;
	HeapTuple	rtup;
	SV		   *val;
	char	   *key;
	I32			klen;
	int			slotsused;
	int		   *modattrs;
	Datum	   *modvalues;
	char	   *modnulls;

	TupleDesc	tupdesc;

	tupdesc = tdata->tg_relation->rd_att;

	svp = hv_fetch(hvTD, "new", 3, FALSE);
	if (!svp)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_COLUMN),
				 errmsg("$_TD->{new} does not exist")));
	if (!SvOK(*svp) || SvTYPE(*svp) != SVt_RV || SvTYPE(SvRV(*svp)) != SVt_PVHV)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
				 errmsg("$_TD->{new} is not a hash reference")));
	hvNew = (HV *) SvRV(*svp);

	modattrs = palloc(tupdesc->natts * sizeof(int));
	modvalues = palloc(tupdesc->natts * sizeof(Datum));
	modnulls = palloc(tupdesc->natts * sizeof(char));
	slotsused = 0;

	hv_iterinit(hvNew);
	while ((val = hv_iternextsv(hvNew, &key, &klen)))
	{
		int			attn = SPI_fnumber(tupdesc, key);
		Oid			typinput;
		Oid			typioparam;
		int32		atttypmod;
		FmgrInfo	finfo;

		if (attn <= 0 || tupdesc->attrs[attn - 1]->attisdropped)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_COLUMN),
					 errmsg("Perl hash contains nonexistent column \"%s\"",
							key)));
		/* XXX would be better to cache these lookups */
		getTypeInputInfo(tupdesc->attrs[attn - 1]->atttypid,
						 &typinput, &typioparam);
		fmgr_info(typinput, &finfo);
		atttypmod = tupdesc->attrs[attn - 1]->atttypmod;
		if (SvOK(val) && SvTYPE(val) != SVt_NULL)
		{
			modvalues[slotsused] = InputFunctionCall(&finfo,
													 SvPV(val, PL_na),
													 typioparam,
													 atttypmod);
			modnulls[slotsused] = ' ';
		}
		else
		{
			modvalues[slotsused] = InputFunctionCall(&finfo,
													 NULL,
													 typioparam,
													 atttypmod);
			modnulls[slotsused] = 'n';
		}
		modattrs[slotsused] = attn;
		slotsused++;
	}
	hv_iterinit(hvNew);

	rtup = SPI_modifytuple(tdata->tg_relation, otup, slotsused,
						   modattrs, modvalues, modnulls);

	pfree(modattrs);
	pfree(modvalues);
	pfree(modnulls);

	if (rtup == NULL)
		elog(ERROR, "SPI_modifytuple failed: %s",
			 SPI_result_code_string(SPI_result));

	return rtup;
}


/*
 * This is the only externally-visible part of the plperl call interface.
 * The Postgres function and trigger managers call it to execute a
 * perl function.
 */
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(plperl_call_handler);

Datum
plperl_call_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Datum		retval;
	plperl_call_data *save_call_data;

	save_call_data = current_call_data;
	PG_TRY();
	{
		if (CALLED_AS_TRIGGER(fcinfo))
			retval = PointerGetDatum(plperl_trigger_handler(fcinfo));
		else
			retval = plperl_func_handler(fcinfo);
	}
	PG_CATCH();
	{
		current_call_data = save_call_data;
		PG_RE_THROW();
	}
	PG_END_TRY();

	current_call_data = save_call_data;
	return retval;
}

/*
 * This is the other externally visible function - it is called when CREATE
 * FUNCTION is issued to validate the function being created/replaced.
 */
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(plperl_validator);

Datum
plperl_validator(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	Oid			funcoid = PG_GETARG_OID(0);
	HeapTuple	tuple;
	Form_pg_proc proc;
	char		functyptype;
	int			numargs;
	Oid		   *argtypes;
	char	  **argnames;
	char	   *argmodes;
	bool		istrigger = false;
	int			i;

	/* Get the new function's pg_proc entry */
	tuple = SearchSysCache(PROCOID,
						   ObjectIdGetDatum(funcoid),
						   0, 0, 0);
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for function %u", funcoid);
	proc = (Form_pg_proc) GETSTRUCT(tuple);

	functyptype = get_typtype(proc->prorettype);

	/* Disallow pseudotype result */
	/* except for TRIGGER, RECORD, or VOID */
	if (functyptype == 'p')
	{
		/* we assume OPAQUE with no arguments means a trigger */
		if (proc->prorettype == TRIGGEROID ||
			(proc->prorettype == OPAQUEOID && proc->pronargs == 0))
			istrigger = true;
		else if (proc->prorettype != RECORDOID &&
				 proc->prorettype != VOIDOID)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
					 errmsg("plperl functions cannot return type %s",
							format_type_be(proc->prorettype))));
	}

	/* Disallow pseudotypes in arguments (either IN or OUT) */
	numargs = get_func_arg_info(tuple,
								&argtypes, &argnames, &argmodes);
	for (i = 0; i < numargs; i++)
	{
		if (get_typtype(argtypes[i]) == 'p')
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
					 errmsg("plperl functions cannot take type %s",
							format_type_be(argtypes[i]))));
	}

	ReleaseSysCache(tuple);

	/* Postpone body checks if !check_function_bodies */
	if (check_function_bodies)
	{
		(void) compile_plperl_function(funcoid, istrigger);
	}

	/* the result of a validator is ignored */
	PG_RETURN_VOID();
}


/* Uses mksafefunc/mkunsafefunc to create an anonymous sub whose text is
 * supplied in s, and returns a reference to the closure. */

static SV  *
plperl_create_sub(char *s, bool trusted)
{
	dSP;
	SV		   *subref;
	int			count;
	char	   *compile_sub;

	if (trusted && !plperl_safe_init_done)
	{
		plperl_safe_init();
		SPAGAIN;
	}

	ENTER;
	SAVETMPS;
	PUSHMARK(SP);
	XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpv("our $_TD; local $_TD=$_[0]; shift;", 0)));
	XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpv(s, 0)));
	PUTBACK;

	/*
	 * G_KEEPERR seems to be needed here, else we don't recognize compile
	 * errors properly.  Perhaps it's because there's another level of eval
	 * inside mksafefunc?
	 */

	if (trusted && plperl_use_strict)
		compile_sub = "::mk_strict_safefunc";
	else if (plperl_use_strict)
		compile_sub = "::mk_strict_unsafefunc";
	else if (trusted)
		compile_sub = "::mksafefunc";
	else
		compile_sub = "::mkunsafefunc";

	count = perl_call_pv(compile_sub, G_SCALAR | G_EVAL | G_KEEPERR);
	SPAGAIN;

	if (count != 1)
	{
		PUTBACK;
		FREETMPS;
		LEAVE;
		elog(ERROR, "didn't get a return item from mksafefunc");
	}

	if (SvTRUE(ERRSV))
	{
		(void) POPs;
		PUTBACK;
		FREETMPS;
		LEAVE;
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
				 errmsg("creation of Perl function failed: %s",
						strip_trailing_ws(SvPV(ERRSV, PL_na)))));
	}

	/*
	 * need to make a deep copy of the return. it comes off the stack as a
	 * temporary.
	 */
	subref = newSVsv(POPs);

	if (!SvROK(subref) || SvTYPE(SvRV(subref)) != SVt_PVCV)
	{
		PUTBACK;
		FREETMPS;
		LEAVE;

		/*
		 * subref is our responsibility because it is not mortal
		 */
		SvREFCNT_dec(subref);
		elog(ERROR, "didn't get a code ref");
	}

	PUTBACK;
	FREETMPS;
	LEAVE;

	return subref;
}


/**********************************************************************
 * plperl_init_shared_libs()		-
 *
 * We cannot use the DynaLoader directly to get at the Opcode
 * module (used by Safe.pm). So, we link Opcode into ourselves
 * and do the initialization behind perl's back.
 *
 **********************************************************************/

EXTERN_C void boot_DynaLoader(pTHX_ CV *cv);
EXTERN_C void boot_SPI(pTHX_ CV *cv);

static void
plperl_init_shared_libs(pTHX)
{
	char	   *file = __FILE__;

	newXS("DynaLoader::boot_DynaLoader", boot_DynaLoader, file);
	newXS("SPI::bootstrap", boot_SPI, file);
}


static SV  *
plperl_call_perl_func(plperl_proc_desc *desc, FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
{
	dSP;
	SV		   *retval;
	int			i;
	int			count;
	SV		   *sv;

	ENTER;
	SAVETMPS;

	PUSHMARK(SP);

	XPUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);		/* no trigger data */

	for (i = 0; i < desc->nargs; i++)
	{
		if (fcinfo->argnull[i])
			XPUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
		else if (desc->arg_is_rowtype[i])
		{
			HeapTupleHeader td;
			Oid			tupType;
			int32		tupTypmod;
			TupleDesc	tupdesc;
			HeapTupleData tmptup;
			SV		   *hashref;

			td = DatumGetHeapTupleHeader(fcinfo->arg[i]);
			/* Extract rowtype info and find a tupdesc */
			tupType = HeapTupleHeaderGetTypeId(td);
			tupTypmod = HeapTupleHeaderGetTypMod(td);
			tupdesc = lookup_rowtype_tupdesc(tupType, tupTypmod);
			/* Build a temporary HeapTuple control structure */
			tmptup.t_len = HeapTupleHeaderGetDatumLength(td);
			tmptup.t_data = td;

			hashref = plperl_hash_from_tuple(&tmptup, tupdesc);
			XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(hashref));
			ReleaseTupleDesc(tupdesc);
		}
		else
		{
			char	   *tmp;

			tmp = OutputFunctionCall(&(desc->arg_out_func[i]),
									 fcinfo->arg[i]);
			sv = newSVpv(tmp, 0);
#if PERL_BCDVERSION >= 0x5006000L
			if (GetDatabaseEncoding() == PG_UTF8)
				SvUTF8_on(sv);
#endif
			XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(sv));
			pfree(tmp);
		}
	}
	PUTBACK;

	/* Do NOT use G_KEEPERR here */
	count = perl_call_sv(desc->reference, G_SCALAR | G_EVAL);

	SPAGAIN;

	if (count != 1)
	{
		PUTBACK;
		FREETMPS;
		LEAVE;
		elog(ERROR, "didn't get a return item from function");
	}

	if (SvTRUE(ERRSV))
	{
		(void) POPs;
		PUTBACK;
		FREETMPS;
		LEAVE;
		/* XXX need to find a way to assign an errcode here */
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errmsg("error from Perl function: %s",
						strip_trailing_ws(SvPV(ERRSV, PL_na)))));
	}

	retval = newSVsv(POPs);

	PUTBACK;
	FREETMPS;
	LEAVE;

	return retval;
}


static SV  *
plperl_call_perl_trigger_func(plperl_proc_desc *desc, FunctionCallInfo fcinfo,
							  SV *td)
{
	dSP;
	SV		   *retval;
	Trigger    *tg_trigger;
	int			i;
	int			count;

	ENTER;
	SAVETMPS;

	PUSHMARK(sp);

	XPUSHs(td);

	tg_trigger = ((TriggerData *) fcinfo->context)->tg_trigger;
	for (i = 0; i < tg_trigger->tgnargs; i++)
		XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpv(tg_trigger->tgargs[i], 0)));
	PUTBACK;

	/* Do NOT use G_KEEPERR here */
	count = perl_call_sv(desc->reference, G_SCALAR | G_EVAL);

	SPAGAIN;

	if (count != 1)
	{
		PUTBACK;
		FREETMPS;
		LEAVE;
		elog(ERROR, "didn't get a return item from trigger function");
	}

	if (SvTRUE(ERRSV))
	{
		(void) POPs;
		PUTBACK;
		FREETMPS;
		LEAVE;
		/* XXX need to find a way to assign an errcode here */
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errmsg("error from Perl trigger function: %s",
						strip_trailing_ws(SvPV(ERRSV, PL_na)))));
	}

	retval = newSVsv(POPs);

	PUTBACK;
	FREETMPS;
	LEAVE;

	return retval;
}


static Datum
plperl_func_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	plperl_proc_desc *prodesc;
	SV		   *perlret;
	Datum		retval;
	ReturnSetInfo *rsi;
	SV		   *array_ret = NULL;

	/*
	 * Create the call_data beforing connecting to SPI, so that it is
	 * not allocated in the SPI memory context
	 */
	current_call_data = (plperl_call_data *) palloc0(sizeof(plperl_call_data));
	current_call_data->fcinfo = fcinfo;

	if (SPI_connect() != SPI_OK_CONNECT)
		elog(ERROR, "could not connect to SPI manager");

	prodesc = compile_plperl_function(fcinfo->flinfo->fn_oid, false);
	current_call_data->prodesc = prodesc;

	rsi = (ReturnSetInfo *) fcinfo->resultinfo;

	if (prodesc->fn_retisset)
	{
		/* Check context before allowing the call to go through */
		if (!rsi || !IsA(rsi, ReturnSetInfo) ||
			(rsi->allowedModes & SFRM_Materialize) == 0 ||
			rsi->expectedDesc == NULL)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
					 errmsg("set-valued function called in context that "
							"cannot accept a set")));
	}

	perlret = plperl_call_perl_func(prodesc, fcinfo);

	/************************************************************
	 * Disconnect from SPI manager and then create the return
	 * values datum (if the input function does a palloc for it
	 * this must not be allocated in the SPI memory context
	 * because SPI_finish would free it).
	 ************************************************************/
	if (SPI_finish() != SPI_OK_FINISH)
		elog(ERROR, "SPI_finish() failed");

	if (prodesc->fn_retisset)
	{
		/*
		 * If the Perl function returned an arrayref, we pretend that it
		 * called return_next() for each element of the array, to handle old
		 * SRFs that didn't know about return_next(). Any other sort of return
		 * value is an error.
		 */
		if (SvTYPE(perlret) == SVt_RV &&
			SvTYPE(SvRV(perlret)) == SVt_PVAV)
		{
			int			i = 0;
			SV		  **svp = 0;
			AV		   *rav = (AV *) SvRV(perlret);

			while ((svp = av_fetch(rav, i, FALSE)) != NULL)
			{
				plperl_return_next(*svp);
				i++;
			}
		}
		else if (SvTYPE(perlret) != SVt_NULL)
		{
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
					 errmsg("set-returning Perl function must return "
							"reference to array or use return_next")));
		}

		rsi->returnMode = SFRM_Materialize;
		if (current_call_data->tuple_store)
		{
			rsi->setResult = current_call_data->tuple_store;
			rsi->setDesc = current_call_data->ret_tdesc;
		}
		retval = (Datum) 0;
	}
	else if (SvTYPE(perlret) == SVt_NULL)
	{
		/* Return NULL if Perl code returned undef */
		if (rsi && IsA(rsi, ReturnSetInfo))
			rsi->isDone = ExprEndResult;
		retval = InputFunctionCall(&prodesc->result_in_func, NULL,
								   prodesc->result_typioparam, -1);
		fcinfo->isnull = true;
	}
	else if (prodesc->fn_retistuple)
	{
		/* Return a perl hash converted to a Datum */
		TupleDesc	td;
		AttInMetadata *attinmeta;
		HeapTuple	tup;

		if (!SvOK(perlret) || SvTYPE(perlret) != SVt_RV ||
			SvTYPE(SvRV(perlret)) != SVt_PVHV)
		{
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
					 errmsg("composite-returning Perl function "
							"must return reference to hash")));
		}

		/* XXX should cache the attinmeta data instead of recomputing */
		if (get_call_result_type(fcinfo, NULL, &td) != TYPEFUNC_COMPOSITE)
		{
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
					 errmsg("function returning record called in context "
							"that cannot accept type record")));
		}

		attinmeta = TupleDescGetAttInMetadata(td);
		tup = plperl_build_tuple_result((HV *) SvRV(perlret), attinmeta);
		retval = HeapTupleGetDatum(tup);
	}
	else
	{
		/* Return a perl string converted to a Datum */
		char	   *val;

		if (prodesc->fn_retisarray && SvROK(perlret) &&
			SvTYPE(SvRV(perlret)) == SVt_PVAV)
		{
			array_ret = plperl_convert_to_pg_array(perlret);
			SvREFCNT_dec(perlret);
			perlret = array_ret;
		}

		val = SvPV(perlret, PL_na);

		retval = InputFunctionCall(&prodesc->result_in_func, val,
								   prodesc->result_typioparam, -1);
	}

	if (array_ret == NULL)
		SvREFCNT_dec(perlret);

	current_call_data = NULL;
	return retval;
}


static Datum
plperl_trigger_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	plperl_proc_desc *prodesc;
	SV		   *perlret;
	Datum		retval;
	SV		   *svTD;
	HV		   *hvTD;

	/*
	 * Create the call_data beforing connecting to SPI, so that it is
	 * not allocated in the SPI memory context
	 */
	current_call_data = (plperl_call_data *) palloc0(sizeof(plperl_call_data));
	current_call_data->fcinfo = fcinfo;

	/* Connect to SPI manager */
	if (SPI_connect() != SPI_OK_CONNECT)
		elog(ERROR, "could not connect to SPI manager");

	/* Find or compile the function */
	prodesc = compile_plperl_function(fcinfo->flinfo->fn_oid, true);
	current_call_data->prodesc = prodesc;

	svTD = plperl_trigger_build_args(fcinfo);
	perlret = plperl_call_perl_trigger_func(prodesc, fcinfo, svTD);
	hvTD = (HV *) SvRV(svTD);

	/************************************************************
	* Disconnect from SPI manager and then create the return
	* values datum (if the input function does a palloc for it
	* this must not be allocated in the SPI memory context
	* because SPI_finish would free it).
	************************************************************/
	if (SPI_finish() != SPI_OK_FINISH)
		elog(ERROR, "SPI_finish() failed");

	if (!(perlret && SvOK(perlret) && SvTYPE(perlret) != SVt_NULL))
	{
		/* undef result means go ahead with original tuple */
		TriggerData *trigdata = ((TriggerData *) fcinfo->context);

		if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_INSERT(trigdata->tg_event))
			retval = (Datum) trigdata->tg_trigtuple;
		else if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_UPDATE(trigdata->tg_event))
			retval = (Datum) trigdata->tg_newtuple;
		else if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_DELETE(trigdata->tg_event))
			retval = (Datum) trigdata->tg_trigtuple;
		else
			retval = (Datum) 0; /* can this happen? */
	}
	else
	{
		HeapTuple	trv;
		char	   *tmp;

		tmp = SvPV(perlret, PL_na);

		if (pg_strcasecmp(tmp, "SKIP") == 0)
			trv = NULL;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(tmp, "MODIFY") == 0)
		{
			TriggerData *trigdata = (TriggerData *) fcinfo->context;

			if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_INSERT(trigdata->tg_event))
				trv = plperl_modify_tuple(hvTD, trigdata,
										  trigdata->tg_trigtuple);
			else if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_UPDATE(trigdata->tg_event))
				trv = plperl_modify_tuple(hvTD, trigdata,
										  trigdata->tg_newtuple);
			else
			{
				ereport(WARNING,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_E_R_I_E_TRIGGER_PROTOCOL_VIOLATED),
					   errmsg("ignoring modified tuple in DELETE trigger")));
				trv = NULL;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_E_R_I_E_TRIGGER_PROTOCOL_VIOLATED),
					 errmsg("result of Perl trigger function must be undef, "
							"\"SKIP\" or \"MODIFY\"")));
			trv = NULL;
		}
		retval = PointerGetDatum(trv);
	}

	SvREFCNT_dec(svTD);
	if (perlret)
		SvREFCNT_dec(perlret);

	current_call_data = NULL;
	return retval;
}


static plperl_proc_desc *
compile_plperl_function(Oid fn_oid, bool is_trigger)
{
	HeapTuple	procTup;
	Form_pg_proc procStruct;
	char		internal_proname[64];
	int			proname_len;
	plperl_proc_desc *prodesc = NULL;
	int			i;
	SV		  **svp;

	/* We'll need the pg_proc tuple in any case... */
	procTup = SearchSysCache(PROCOID,
							 ObjectIdGetDatum(fn_oid),
							 0, 0, 0);
	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(procTup))
		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for function %u", fn_oid);
	procStruct = (Form_pg_proc) GETSTRUCT(procTup);

	/************************************************************
	 * Build our internal proc name from the function's Oid
	 ************************************************************/
	if (!is_trigger)
		sprintf(internal_proname, "__PLPerl_proc_%u", fn_oid);
	else
		sprintf(internal_proname, "__PLPerl_proc_%u_trigger", fn_oid);

	proname_len = strlen(internal_proname);

	/************************************************************
	 * Lookup the internal proc name in the hashtable
	 ************************************************************/
	svp = hv_fetch(plperl_proc_hash, internal_proname, proname_len, FALSE);
	if (svp)
	{
		bool		uptodate;

		prodesc = INT2PTR( plperl_proc_desc *, SvUV(*svp));

		/************************************************************
		 * If it's present, must check whether it's still up to date.
		 * This is needed because CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION can modify the
		 * function's pg_proc entry without changing its OID.
		 ************************************************************/
		uptodate = (prodesc->fn_xmin == HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(procTup->t_data) &&
				prodesc->fn_cmin == HeapTupleHeaderGetCmin(procTup->t_data));

		if (!uptodate)
		{
			/* need we delete old entry? */
			prodesc = NULL;
		}
	}

	/************************************************************
	 * If we haven't found it in the hashtable, we analyze
	 * the function's arguments and return type and store
	 * the in-/out-functions in the prodesc block and create
	 * a new hashtable entry for it.
	 *
	 * Then we load the procedure into the Perl interpreter.
	 ************************************************************/
	if (prodesc == NULL)
	{
		HeapTuple	langTup;
		HeapTuple	typeTup;
		Form_pg_language langStruct;
		Form_pg_type typeStruct;
		Datum		prosrcdatum;
		bool		isnull;
		char	   *proc_source;

		/************************************************************
		 * Allocate a new procedure description block
		 ************************************************************/
		prodesc = (plperl_proc_desc *) malloc(sizeof(plperl_proc_desc));
		if (prodesc == NULL)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
					 errmsg("out of memory")));
		MemSet(prodesc, 0, sizeof(plperl_proc_desc));
		prodesc->proname = strdup(internal_proname);
		prodesc->fn_xmin = HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(procTup->t_data);
		prodesc->fn_cmin = HeapTupleHeaderGetCmin(procTup->t_data);

		/* Remember if function is STABLE/IMMUTABLE */
		prodesc->fn_readonly =
			(procStruct->provolatile != PROVOLATILE_VOLATILE);

		/************************************************************
		 * Lookup the pg_language tuple by Oid
		 ************************************************************/
		langTup = SearchSysCache(LANGOID,
								 ObjectIdGetDatum(procStruct->prolang),
								 0, 0, 0);
		if (!HeapTupleIsValid(langTup))
		{
			free(prodesc->proname);
			free(prodesc);
			elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for language %u",
				 procStruct->prolang);
		}
		langStruct = (Form_pg_language) GETSTRUCT(langTup);
		prodesc->lanpltrusted = langStruct->lanpltrusted;
		ReleaseSysCache(langTup);

		/************************************************************
		 * Get the required information for input conversion of the
		 * return value.
		 ************************************************************/
		if (!is_trigger)
		{
			typeTup = SearchSysCache(TYPEOID,
									 ObjectIdGetDatum(procStruct->prorettype),
									 0, 0, 0);
			if (!HeapTupleIsValid(typeTup))
			{
				free(prodesc->proname);
				free(prodesc);
				elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u",
					 procStruct->prorettype);
			}
			typeStruct = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(typeTup);

			/* Disallow pseudotype result, except VOID or RECORD */
			if (typeStruct->typtype == 'p')
			{
				if (procStruct->prorettype == VOIDOID ||
					procStruct->prorettype == RECORDOID)
					 /* okay */ ;
				else if (procStruct->prorettype == TRIGGEROID)
				{
					free(prodesc->proname);
					free(prodesc);
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
							 errmsg("trigger functions may only be called "
									"as triggers")));
				}
				else
				{
					free(prodesc->proname);
					free(prodesc);
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
							 errmsg("plperl functions cannot return type %s",
									format_type_be(procStruct->prorettype))));
				}
			}

			prodesc->result_oid = procStruct->prorettype;
			prodesc->fn_retisset = procStruct->proretset;
			prodesc->fn_retistuple = (typeStruct->typtype == 'c' ||
									  procStruct->prorettype == RECORDOID);

			prodesc->fn_retisarray =
				(typeStruct->typlen == -1 && typeStruct->typelem);

			perm_fmgr_info(typeStruct->typinput, &(prodesc->result_in_func));
			prodesc->result_typioparam = getTypeIOParam(typeTup);

			ReleaseSysCache(typeTup);
		}

		/************************************************************
		 * Get the required information for output conversion
		 * of all procedure arguments
		 ************************************************************/
		if (!is_trigger)
		{
			prodesc->nargs = procStruct->pronargs;
			for (i = 0; i < prodesc->nargs; i++)
			{
				typeTup = SearchSysCache(TYPEOID,
						 ObjectIdGetDatum(procStruct->proargtypes.values[i]),
										 0, 0, 0);
				if (!HeapTupleIsValid(typeTup))
				{
					free(prodesc->proname);
					free(prodesc);
					elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u",
						 procStruct->proargtypes.values[i]);
				}
				typeStruct = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(typeTup);

				/* Disallow pseudotype argument */
				if (typeStruct->typtype == 'p')
				{
					free(prodesc->proname);
					free(prodesc);
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
							 errmsg("plperl functions cannot take type %s",
						format_type_be(procStruct->proargtypes.values[i]))));
				}

				if (typeStruct->typtype == 'c')
					prodesc->arg_is_rowtype[i] = true;
				else
				{
					prodesc->arg_is_rowtype[i] = false;
					perm_fmgr_info(typeStruct->typoutput,
								   &(prodesc->arg_out_func[i]));
				}

				ReleaseSysCache(typeTup);
			}
		}

		/************************************************************
		 * create the text of the anonymous subroutine.
		 * we do not use a named subroutine so that we can call directly
		 * through the reference.
		 ************************************************************/
		prosrcdatum = SysCacheGetAttr(PROCOID, procTup,
									  Anum_pg_proc_prosrc, &isnull);
		if (isnull)
			elog(ERROR, "null prosrc");
		proc_source = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout,
														  prosrcdatum));

		/************************************************************
		 * Create the procedure in the interpreter
		 ************************************************************/
		prodesc->reference = plperl_create_sub(proc_source, prodesc->lanpltrusted);
		pfree(proc_source);
		if (!prodesc->reference)	/* can this happen? */
		{
			free(prodesc->proname);
			free(prodesc);
			elog(ERROR, "could not create internal procedure \"%s\"",
				 internal_proname);
		}

		hv_store(plperl_proc_hash, internal_proname, proname_len,
				 newSVuv( PTR2UV( prodesc)), 0);
	}

	ReleaseSysCache(procTup);

	return prodesc;
}


/* Build a hash from all attributes of a given tuple. */

static SV  *
plperl_hash_from_tuple(HeapTuple tuple, TupleDesc tupdesc)
{
	HV		   *hv;
	int			i;

	hv = newHV();

	for (i = 0; i < tupdesc->natts; i++)
	{
		Datum		attr;
		bool		isnull;
		char	   *attname;
		char	   *outputstr;
		Oid			typoutput;
		bool		typisvarlena;
		int			namelen;
		SV		   *sv;

		if (tupdesc->attrs[i]->attisdropped)
			continue;

		attname = NameStr(tupdesc->attrs[i]->attname);
		namelen = strlen(attname);
		attr = heap_getattr(tuple, i + 1, tupdesc, &isnull);

		if (isnull)
		{
			/* Store (attname => undef) and move on. */
			hv_store(hv, attname, namelen, newSV(0), 0);
			continue;
		}

		/* XXX should have a way to cache these lookups */

		getTypeOutputInfo(tupdesc->attrs[i]->atttypid,
						  &typoutput, &typisvarlena);

		outputstr = OidOutputFunctionCall(typoutput, attr);

		sv = newSVpv(outputstr, 0);
#if PERL_BCDVERSION >= 0x5006000L
		if (GetDatabaseEncoding() == PG_UTF8)
			SvUTF8_on(sv);
#endif
		hv_store(hv, attname, namelen, sv, 0);

		pfree(outputstr);
	}

	return newRV_noinc((SV *) hv);
}


HV *
plperl_spi_exec(char *query, int limit)
{
	HV		   *ret_hv;

	/*
	 * Execute the query inside a sub-transaction, so we can cope with errors
	 * sanely
	 */
	MemoryContext oldcontext = CurrentMemoryContext;
	ResourceOwner oldowner = CurrentResourceOwner;

	BeginInternalSubTransaction(NULL);
	/* Want to run inside function's memory context */
	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);

	PG_TRY();
	{
		int			spi_rv;

		spi_rv = SPI_execute(query, current_call_data->prodesc->fn_readonly,
							 limit);
		ret_hv = plperl_spi_execute_fetch_result(SPI_tuptable, SPI_processed,
												 spi_rv);

		/* Commit the inner transaction, return to outer xact context */
		ReleaseCurrentSubTransaction();
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		CurrentResourceOwner = oldowner;

		/*
		 * AtEOSubXact_SPI() should not have popped any SPI context, but just
		 * in case it did, make sure we remain connected.
		 */
		SPI_restore_connection();
	}
	PG_CATCH();
	{
		ErrorData  *edata;

		/* Save error info */
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		edata = CopyErrorData();
		FlushErrorState();

		/* Abort the inner transaction */
		RollbackAndReleaseCurrentSubTransaction();
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		CurrentResourceOwner = oldowner;

		/*
		 * If AtEOSubXact_SPI() popped any SPI context of the subxact, it will
		 * have left us in a disconnected state.  We need this hack to return
		 * to connected state.
		 */
		SPI_restore_connection();

		/* Punt the error to Perl */
		croak("%s", edata->message);

		/* Can't get here, but keep compiler quiet */
		return NULL;
	}
	PG_END_TRY();

	return ret_hv;
}


static HV  *
plperl_spi_execute_fetch_result(SPITupleTable *tuptable, int processed,
								int status)
{
	HV		   *result;

	result = newHV();

	hv_store(result, "status", strlen("status"),
			 newSVpv((char *) SPI_result_code_string(status), 0), 0);
	hv_store(result, "processed", strlen("processed"),
			 newSViv(processed), 0);

	if (status == SPI_OK_SELECT)
	{
		AV		   *rows;
		SV		   *row;
		int			i;

		rows = newAV();
		for (i = 0; i < processed; i++)
		{
			row = plperl_hash_from_tuple(tuptable->vals[i], tuptable->tupdesc);
			av_push(rows, row);
		}
		hv_store(result, "rows", strlen("rows"),
				 newRV_noinc((SV *) rows), 0);
	}

	SPI_freetuptable(tuptable);

	return result;
}


/*
 * Note: plperl_return_next is called both in Postgres and Perl contexts.
 * We report any errors in Postgres fashion (via ereport).	If called in
 * Perl context, it is SPI.xs's responsibility to catch the error and
 * convert to a Perl error.  We assume (perhaps without adequate justification)
 * that we need not abort the current transaction if the Perl code traps the
 * error.
 */
void
plperl_return_next(SV *sv)
{
	plperl_proc_desc *prodesc;
	FunctionCallInfo fcinfo;
	ReturnSetInfo *rsi;
	MemoryContext old_cxt;
	HeapTuple	tuple;

	if (!sv)
		return;

	prodesc = current_call_data->prodesc;
	fcinfo = current_call_data->fcinfo;
	rsi = (ReturnSetInfo *) fcinfo->resultinfo;

	if (!prodesc->fn_retisset)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
				 errmsg("cannot use return_next in a non-SETOF function")));

	if (prodesc->fn_retistuple &&
		!(SvOK(sv) && SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_RV && SvTYPE(SvRV(sv)) == SVt_PVHV))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
				 errmsg("setof-composite-returning Perl function "
						"must call return_next with reference to hash")));

	if (!current_call_data->ret_tdesc)
	{
		TupleDesc tupdesc;

		Assert(!current_call_data->tuple_store);
		Assert(!current_call_data->attinmeta);

		/*
		 * This is the first call to return_next in the current
		 * PL/Perl function call, so memoize some lookups
		 */
		if (prodesc->fn_retistuple)
			(void) get_call_result_type(fcinfo, NULL, &tupdesc);
		else
			tupdesc = rsi->expectedDesc;

		/*
		 * Make sure the tuple_store and ret_tdesc are sufficiently
		 * long-lived.
		 */
		old_cxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(rsi->econtext->ecxt_per_query_memory);

		current_call_data->ret_tdesc = CreateTupleDescCopy(tupdesc);
		current_call_data->tuple_store =
			tuplestore_begin_heap(true, false, work_mem);
		if (prodesc->fn_retistuple)
		{
			current_call_data->attinmeta =
				TupleDescGetAttInMetadata(current_call_data->ret_tdesc);
		}

		MemoryContextSwitchTo(old_cxt);
	}		

	/*
	 * Producing the tuple we want to return requires making plenty of
	 * palloc() allocations that are not cleaned up. Since this
	 * function can be called many times before the current memory
	 * context is reset, we need to do those allocations in a
	 * temporary context.
	 */
	if (!current_call_data->tmp_cxt)
	{
		current_call_data->tmp_cxt =
			AllocSetContextCreate(rsi->econtext->ecxt_per_tuple_memory,
								  "PL/Perl return_next temporary cxt",
								  ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_MINSIZE,
								  ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_INITSIZE,
								  ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE);
	}

	old_cxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(current_call_data->tmp_cxt);

	if (prodesc->fn_retistuple)
	{
		tuple = plperl_build_tuple_result((HV *) SvRV(sv),
										  current_call_data->attinmeta);
	}
	else
	{
		Datum		ret;
		bool		isNull;

		if (SvOK(sv) && SvTYPE(sv) != SVt_NULL)
		{
			char	   *val = SvPV(sv, PL_na);

			ret = InputFunctionCall(&prodesc->result_in_func, val,
									prodesc->result_typioparam, -1);
			isNull = false;
		}
		else
		{
			ret = InputFunctionCall(&prodesc->result_in_func, NULL,
									prodesc->result_typioparam, -1);
			isNull = true;
		}

		tuple = heap_form_tuple(current_call_data->ret_tdesc, &ret, &isNull);
	}

	/* Make sure to store the tuple in a long-lived memory context */
	MemoryContextSwitchTo(rsi->econtext->ecxt_per_query_memory);
	tuplestore_puttuple(current_call_data->tuple_store, tuple);
	MemoryContextSwitchTo(old_cxt);

	MemoryContextReset(current_call_data->tmp_cxt);
}


SV *
plperl_spi_query(char *query)
{
	SV		   *cursor;

	/*
	 * Execute the query inside a sub-transaction, so we can cope with errors
	 * sanely
	 */
	MemoryContext oldcontext = CurrentMemoryContext;
	ResourceOwner oldowner = CurrentResourceOwner;

	BeginInternalSubTransaction(NULL);
	/* Want to run inside function's memory context */
	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);

	PG_TRY();
	{
		void	   *plan;
		Portal		portal;

		/* Create a cursor for the query */
		plan = SPI_prepare(query, 0, NULL);
		if ( plan == NULL)
			elog(ERROR, "SPI_prepare() failed:%s",
				SPI_result_code_string(SPI_result));

		portal = SPI_cursor_open(NULL, plan, NULL, NULL, false);
		SPI_freeplan( plan);
		if ( portal == NULL) 
			elog(ERROR, "SPI_cursor_open() failed:%s",
				SPI_result_code_string(SPI_result));
		cursor = newSVpv(portal->name, 0);

		/* Commit the inner transaction, return to outer xact context */
		ReleaseCurrentSubTransaction();
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		CurrentResourceOwner = oldowner;

		/*
		 * AtEOSubXact_SPI() should not have popped any SPI context, but just
		 * in case it did, make sure we remain connected.
		 */
		SPI_restore_connection();
	}
	PG_CATCH();
	{
		ErrorData  *edata;

		/* Save error info */
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		edata = CopyErrorData();
		FlushErrorState();

		/* Abort the inner transaction */
		RollbackAndReleaseCurrentSubTransaction();
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		CurrentResourceOwner = oldowner;

		/*
		 * If AtEOSubXact_SPI() popped any SPI context of the subxact, it will
		 * have left us in a disconnected state.  We need this hack to return
		 * to connected state.
		 */
		SPI_restore_connection();

		/* Punt the error to Perl */
		croak("%s", edata->message);

		/* Can't get here, but keep compiler quiet */
		return NULL;
	}
	PG_END_TRY();

	return cursor;
}


SV *
plperl_spi_fetchrow(char *cursor)
{
	SV		   *row;

	/*
	 * Execute the FETCH inside a sub-transaction, so we can cope with errors
	 * sanely
	 */
	MemoryContext oldcontext = CurrentMemoryContext;
	ResourceOwner oldowner = CurrentResourceOwner;

	BeginInternalSubTransaction(NULL);
	/* Want to run inside function's memory context */
	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);

	PG_TRY();
	{
		Portal		p = SPI_cursor_find(cursor);

		if (!p)
		{
			row = &PL_sv_undef;
		}
		else
		{
			SPI_cursor_fetch(p, true, 1);
			if (SPI_processed == 0)
			{
				SPI_cursor_close(p);
				row = &PL_sv_undef;
			}
			else
			{
				row = plperl_hash_from_tuple(SPI_tuptable->vals[0],
											 SPI_tuptable->tupdesc);
			}
			SPI_freetuptable(SPI_tuptable);
		}

		/* Commit the inner transaction, return to outer xact context */
		ReleaseCurrentSubTransaction();
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		CurrentResourceOwner = oldowner;

		/*
		 * AtEOSubXact_SPI() should not have popped any SPI context, but just
		 * in case it did, make sure we remain connected.
		 */
		SPI_restore_connection();
	}
	PG_CATCH();
	{
		ErrorData  *edata;

		/* Save error info */
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		edata = CopyErrorData();
		FlushErrorState();

		/* Abort the inner transaction */
		RollbackAndReleaseCurrentSubTransaction();
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		CurrentResourceOwner = oldowner;

		/*
		 * If AtEOSubXact_SPI() popped any SPI context of the subxact, it will
		 * have left us in a disconnected state.  We need this hack to return
		 * to connected state.
		 */
		SPI_restore_connection();

		/* Punt the error to Perl */
		croak("%s", edata->message);

		/* Can't get here, but keep compiler quiet */
		return NULL;
	}
	PG_END_TRY();

	return row;
}

void
plperl_spi_cursor_close(char *cursor)
{
	Portal p = SPI_cursor_find(cursor);
	if (p)
		SPI_cursor_close(p);
}

SV *
plperl_spi_prepare(char* query, int argc, SV ** argv)
{
	plperl_query_desc *qdesc;
	void	   *plan;
	int			i;

	MemoryContext oldcontext = CurrentMemoryContext;
	ResourceOwner oldowner = CurrentResourceOwner;

	BeginInternalSubTransaction(NULL);
	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);

	/************************************************************
	 * Allocate the new querydesc structure
	 ************************************************************/
	qdesc = (plperl_query_desc *) malloc(sizeof(plperl_query_desc));
	MemSet(qdesc, 0, sizeof(plperl_query_desc));
	snprintf(qdesc-> qname, sizeof(qdesc-> qname), "%lx", (long) qdesc);
	qdesc-> nargs = argc;
	qdesc-> argtypes = (Oid *) malloc(argc * sizeof(Oid));
	qdesc-> arginfuncs = (FmgrInfo *) malloc(argc * sizeof(FmgrInfo));
	qdesc-> argtypioparams = (Oid *) malloc(argc * sizeof(Oid));

	PG_TRY();
	{
		/************************************************************
		 * Lookup the argument types by name in the system cache
		 * and remember the required information for input conversion
		 ************************************************************/
		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
		{
			List	   *names;
			HeapTuple	typeTup;

			/* Parse possibly-qualified type name and look it up in pg_type */
			names = stringToQualifiedNameList(SvPV(argv[i], PL_na),
											  "plperl_spi_prepare");
			typeTup = typenameType(NULL, makeTypeNameFromNameList(names));
			qdesc->argtypes[i] = HeapTupleGetOid(typeTup);
			perm_fmgr_info(((Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(typeTup))->typinput,
						   &(qdesc->arginfuncs[i]));
			qdesc->argtypioparams[i] = getTypeIOParam(typeTup);
			ReleaseSysCache(typeTup);
		}

		/************************************************************
		 * Prepare the plan and check for errors
		 ************************************************************/
		plan = SPI_prepare(query, argc, qdesc->argtypes);

		if (plan == NULL)
			elog(ERROR, "SPI_prepare() failed:%s",
				SPI_result_code_string(SPI_result));

		/************************************************************
		 * Save the plan into permanent memory (right now it's in the
		 * SPI procCxt, which will go away at function end).
		 ************************************************************/
		qdesc->plan = SPI_saveplan(plan);
		if (qdesc->plan == NULL)
			elog(ERROR, "SPI_saveplan() failed: %s", 
				SPI_result_code_string(SPI_result));

		/* Release the procCxt copy to avoid within-function memory leak */
		SPI_freeplan(plan);

		/* Commit the inner transaction, return to outer xact context */
		ReleaseCurrentSubTransaction();
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		CurrentResourceOwner = oldowner;
		/*
		 * AtEOSubXact_SPI() should not have popped any SPI context,
		 * but just in case it did, make sure we remain connected.
		 */
		SPI_restore_connection();
	}
	PG_CATCH();
	{
		ErrorData  *edata;
		
		free(qdesc-> argtypes);
		free(qdesc-> arginfuncs);
		free(qdesc-> argtypioparams);
		free(qdesc);

		/* Save error info */
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		edata = CopyErrorData();
		FlushErrorState();

		/* Abort the inner transaction */
		RollbackAndReleaseCurrentSubTransaction();
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		CurrentResourceOwner = oldowner;

		/*
		 * If AtEOSubXact_SPI() popped any SPI context of the subxact,
		 * it will have left us in a disconnected state.  We need this
		 * hack to return to connected state.
		 */
		SPI_restore_connection();

		/* Punt the error to Perl */
		croak("%s", edata->message);

		/* Can't get here, but keep compiler quiet */
		return NULL;
	}
	PG_END_TRY();

	/************************************************************
	 * Insert a hashtable entry for the plan and return
	 * the key to the caller.
	 ************************************************************/
	hv_store( plperl_query_hash, qdesc->qname, strlen(qdesc->qname), newSVuv( PTR2UV( qdesc)), 0);

	return newSVpv( qdesc->qname, strlen(qdesc->qname));
}	

HV *
plperl_spi_exec_prepared(char* query, HV * attr, int argc, SV ** argv)
{
	HV		   *ret_hv;
	SV **sv;
	int i, limit, spi_rv;
	char * nulls;
	Datum	   *argvalues;
	plperl_query_desc *qdesc;

	/*
	 * Execute the query inside a sub-transaction, so we can cope with
	 * errors sanely
	 */
	MemoryContext oldcontext = CurrentMemoryContext;
	ResourceOwner oldowner = CurrentResourceOwner;

	BeginInternalSubTransaction(NULL);
	/* Want to run inside function's memory context */
	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);

	PG_TRY();
	{
		/************************************************************
		 * Fetch the saved plan descriptor, see if it's o.k.
		 ************************************************************/
		sv = hv_fetch(plperl_query_hash, query, strlen(query), 0);
		if ( sv == NULL) 
			elog(ERROR, "spi_exec_prepared: Invalid prepared query passed");
		if ( *sv == NULL || !SvOK( *sv))
			elog(ERROR, "spi_exec_prepared: panic - plperl_query_hash value corrupted");

		qdesc = INT2PTR( plperl_query_desc *, SvUV(*sv));
		if ( qdesc == NULL)
			elog(ERROR, "spi_exec_prepared: panic - plperl_query_hash value vanished");

		if ( qdesc-> nargs != argc) 
			elog(ERROR, "spi_exec_prepared: expected %d argument(s), %d passed", 
				qdesc-> nargs, argc);
		
		/************************************************************
		 * Parse eventual attributes
		 ************************************************************/
		limit = 0;
		if ( attr != NULL) 
		{
			sv = hv_fetch( attr, "limit", 5, 0);
			if ( *sv && SvIOK( *sv))
				limit = SvIV( *sv);
		}
		/************************************************************
		 * Set up arguments
		 ************************************************************/
		if (argc > 0) 
		{
			nulls = (char *) palloc(argc);
			argvalues = (Datum *) palloc(argc * sizeof(Datum));
		} 
		else 
		{
			nulls = NULL;
			argvalues = NULL;
		}

		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) 
		{
			if (SvTYPE(argv[i]) != SVt_NULL) 
			{
				argvalues[i] = InputFunctionCall(&qdesc->arginfuncs[i],
												 SvPV(argv[i], PL_na),
												 qdesc->argtypioparams[i],
												 -1);
				nulls[i] = ' ';
			} 
			else 
			{
				argvalues[i] = InputFunctionCall(&qdesc->arginfuncs[i],
												 NULL,
												 qdesc->argtypioparams[i],
												 -1);
				nulls[i] = 'n';
			}
		}

		/************************************************************
		 * go
		 ************************************************************/
		spi_rv = SPI_execute_plan(qdesc-> plan, argvalues, nulls, 
							 current_call_data->prodesc->fn_readonly, limit);
		ret_hv = plperl_spi_execute_fetch_result(SPI_tuptable, SPI_processed,
												 spi_rv);
		if ( argc > 0) 
		{
			pfree( argvalues);
			pfree( nulls);
		}

		/* Commit the inner transaction, return to outer xact context */
		ReleaseCurrentSubTransaction();
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		CurrentResourceOwner = oldowner;
		/*
		 * AtEOSubXact_SPI() should not have popped any SPI context,
		 * but just in case it did, make sure we remain connected.
		 */
		SPI_restore_connection();
	}
	PG_CATCH();
	{
		ErrorData  *edata;

		/* Save error info */
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		edata = CopyErrorData();
		FlushErrorState();

		/* Abort the inner transaction */
		RollbackAndReleaseCurrentSubTransaction();
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		CurrentResourceOwner = oldowner;

		/*
		 * If AtEOSubXact_SPI() popped any SPI context of the subxact,
		 * it will have left us in a disconnected state.  We need this
		 * hack to return to connected state.
		 */
		SPI_restore_connection();

		/* Punt the error to Perl */
		croak("%s", edata->message);

		/* Can't get here, but keep compiler quiet */
		return NULL;
	}
	PG_END_TRY();

	return ret_hv;
}

SV *
plperl_spi_query_prepared(char* query, int argc, SV ** argv)
{
	SV **sv;
	int i;
	char * nulls;
	Datum	   *argvalues;
	plperl_query_desc *qdesc;
	SV *cursor;
	Portal portal = NULL;

	/*
	 * Execute the query inside a sub-transaction, so we can cope with
	 * errors sanely
	 */
	MemoryContext oldcontext = CurrentMemoryContext;
	ResourceOwner oldowner = CurrentResourceOwner;

	BeginInternalSubTransaction(NULL);
	/* Want to run inside function's memory context */
	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);

	PG_TRY();
	{
		/************************************************************
		 * Fetch the saved plan descriptor, see if it's o.k.
		 ************************************************************/
		sv = hv_fetch(plperl_query_hash, query, strlen(query), 0);
		if ( sv == NULL) 
			elog(ERROR, "spi_query_prepared: Invalid prepared query passed");
		if ( *sv == NULL || !SvOK( *sv))
			elog(ERROR, "spi_query_prepared: panic - plperl_query_hash value corrupted");

		qdesc = INT2PTR( plperl_query_desc *, SvUV(*sv));
		if ( qdesc == NULL)
			elog(ERROR, "spi_query_prepared: panic - plperl_query_hash value vanished");

		if ( qdesc-> nargs != argc) 
			elog(ERROR, "spi_query_prepared: expected %d argument(s), %d passed", 
				qdesc-> nargs, argc);
		
		/************************************************************
		 * Set up arguments
		 ************************************************************/
		if (argc > 0) 
		{
			nulls = (char *) palloc(argc);
			argvalues = (Datum *) palloc(argc * sizeof(Datum));
		} 
		else 
		{
			nulls = NULL;
			argvalues = NULL;
		}

		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) 
		{
			if (SvTYPE(argv[i]) != SVt_NULL) 
			{
				argvalues[i] = InputFunctionCall(&qdesc->arginfuncs[i],
												 SvPV(argv[i], PL_na),
												 qdesc->argtypioparams[i],
												 -1);
				nulls[i] = ' ';
			} 
			else 
			{
				argvalues[i] = InputFunctionCall(&qdesc->arginfuncs[i],
												 NULL,
												 qdesc->argtypioparams[i],
												 -1);
				nulls[i] = 'n';
			}
		}

		/************************************************************
		 * go
		 ************************************************************/
		portal = SPI_cursor_open(NULL, qdesc-> plan, argvalues, nulls, 
							current_call_data->prodesc->fn_readonly);
		if ( argc > 0) 
		{
			pfree( argvalues);
			pfree( nulls);
		}
		if ( portal == NULL) 
			elog(ERROR, "SPI_cursor_open() failed:%s",
				SPI_result_code_string(SPI_result));

		cursor = newSVpv(portal->name, 0);

		/* Commit the inner transaction, return to outer xact context */
		ReleaseCurrentSubTransaction();
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		CurrentResourceOwner = oldowner;
		/*
		 * AtEOSubXact_SPI() should not have popped any SPI context,
		 * but just in case it did, make sure we remain connected.
		 */
		SPI_restore_connection();
	}
	PG_CATCH();
	{
		ErrorData  *edata;

		/* Save error info */
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		edata = CopyErrorData();
		FlushErrorState();

		/* Abort the inner transaction */
		RollbackAndReleaseCurrentSubTransaction();
		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
		CurrentResourceOwner = oldowner;

		/*
		 * If AtEOSubXact_SPI() popped any SPI context of the subxact,
		 * it will have left us in a disconnected state.  We need this
		 * hack to return to connected state.
		 */
		SPI_restore_connection();

		/* Punt the error to Perl */
		croak("%s", edata->message);

		/* Can't get here, but keep compiler quiet */
		return NULL;
	}
	PG_END_TRY();

	return cursor;
}

void
plperl_spi_freeplan(char *query)
{
	SV ** sv;
	void * plan;
	plperl_query_desc *qdesc;

	sv = hv_fetch(plperl_query_hash, query, strlen(query), 0);
	if ( sv == NULL) 
		elog(ERROR, "spi_exec_freeplan: Invalid prepared query passed");
	if ( *sv == NULL || !SvOK( *sv))
		elog(ERROR, "spi_exec_freeplan: panic - plperl_query_hash value corrupted");

	qdesc = INT2PTR( plperl_query_desc *, SvUV(*sv));
	if ( qdesc == NULL)
		elog(ERROR, "spi_exec_freeplan: panic - plperl_query_hash value vanished");

	/*
	*	free all memory before SPI_freeplan, so if it dies, nothing will be left over
	*/
	hv_delete(plperl_query_hash, query, strlen(query), G_DISCARD);
	plan = qdesc-> plan;
	free(qdesc-> argtypes);
	free(qdesc-> arginfuncs);
	free(qdesc-> argtypioparams);
	free(qdesc);

	SPI_freeplan( plan);
}