pgstat.c

/* ----------
 * pgstat.c
 *
 *	All the statistics collector stuff hacked up in one big, ugly file.
 *
 *	TODO:	- Separate collector, postmaster and backend stuff
 *			  into different files.
 *
 *			- Add some automatic call for pgstat vacuuming.
 *
 *			- Add a pgstat config column to pg_database, so this
 *			  entire thing can be enabled/disabled on a per db basis.
 *
 *	Copyright (c) 2001-2009, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 *
 *	$PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/postmaster/pgstat.c,v 1.188 2009/06/06 22:13:51 tgl Exp $
 * ----------
 */
#include "postgres.h"

#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <time.h>
#ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
#include <poll.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_POLL_H
#include <sys/poll.h>
#endif

#include "pgstat.h"

#include "access/heapam.h"
#include "access/transam.h"
#include "access/twophase_rmgr.h"
#include "access/xact.h"
#include "catalog/pg_database.h"
#include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
#include "libpq/ip.h"
#include "libpq/libpq.h"
#include "libpq/pqsignal.h"
#include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "pg_trace.h"
#include "postmaster/autovacuum.h"
#include "postmaster/fork_process.h"
#include "postmaster/postmaster.h"
#include "storage/backendid.h"
#include "storage/fd.h"
#include "storage/ipc.h"
#include "storage/pg_shmem.h"
#include "storage/pmsignal.h"
#include "utils/guc.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
#include "utils/ps_status.h"
#include "utils/rel.h"
#include "utils/tqual.h"


/* ----------
 * Paths for the statistics files (relative to installation's $PGDATA).
 * ----------
 */
#define PGSTAT_STAT_PERMANENT_FILENAME		"global/pgstat.stat"
#define PGSTAT_STAT_PERMANENT_TMPFILE		"global/pgstat.tmp"

/* ----------
 * Timer definitions.
 * ----------
 */
#define PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL	500		/* Minimum time between stats file
										 * updates; in milliseconds. */

#define PGSTAT_RETRY_DELAY		10		/* How long to wait between statistics
										 * update requests; in milliseconds. */

#define PGSTAT_MAX_WAIT_TIME	5000	/* Maximum time to wait for a stats
										 * file update; in milliseconds. */

#define PGSTAT_RESTART_INTERVAL 60		/* How often to attempt to restart a
										 * failed statistics collector; in
										 * seconds. */

#define PGSTAT_SELECT_TIMEOUT	2		/* How often to check for postmaster
										 * death; in seconds. */

#define PGSTAT_POLL_LOOP_COUNT	(PGSTAT_MAX_WAIT_TIME / PGSTAT_RETRY_DELAY)


/* ----------
 * The initial size hints for the hash tables used in the collector.
 * ----------
 */
#define PGSTAT_DB_HASH_SIZE		16
#define PGSTAT_TAB_HASH_SIZE	512
#define PGSTAT_FUNCTION_HASH_SIZE	512


/* ----------
 * GUC parameters
 * ----------
 */
bool		pgstat_track_activities = false;
bool		pgstat_track_counts = false;
int			pgstat_track_functions = TRACK_FUNC_OFF;
int			pgstat_track_activity_query_size = 1024;

/* ----------
 * Built from GUC parameter
 * ----------
 */
char	   *pgstat_stat_filename = NULL;
char	   *pgstat_stat_tmpname = NULL;

/*
 * BgWriter global statistics counters (unused in other processes).
 * Stored directly in a stats message structure so it can be sent
 * without needing to copy things around.  We assume this inits to zeroes.
 */
PgStat_MsgBgWriter BgWriterStats;

/* ----------
 * Local data
 * ----------
 */
NON_EXEC_STATIC int pgStatSock = -1;

static struct sockaddr_storage pgStatAddr;

static time_t last_pgstat_start_time;

static bool pgStatRunningInCollector = false;

/*
 * Structures in which backends store per-table info that's waiting to be
 * sent to the collector.
 *
 * NOTE: once allocated, TabStatusArray structures are never moved or deleted
 * for the life of the backend.  Also, we zero out the t_id fields of the
 * contained PgStat_TableStatus structs whenever they are not actively in use.
 * This allows relcache pgstat_info pointers to be treated as long-lived data,
 * avoiding repeated searches in pgstat_initstats() when a relation is
 * repeatedly opened during a transaction.
 */
#define TABSTAT_QUANTUM		100 /* we alloc this many at a time */

typedef struct TabStatusArray
{
	struct TabStatusArray *tsa_next;	/* link to next array, if any */
	int			tsa_used;		/* # entries currently used */
	PgStat_TableStatus tsa_entries[TABSTAT_QUANTUM];	/* per-table data */
} TabStatusArray;

static TabStatusArray *pgStatTabList = NULL;

/*
 * Backends store per-function info that's waiting to be sent to the collector
 * in this hash table (indexed by function OID).
 */
static HTAB *pgStatFunctions = NULL;

/*
 * Indicates if backend has some function stats that it hasn't yet
 * sent to the collector.
 */
static bool have_function_stats = false;

/*
 * Tuple insertion/deletion counts for an open transaction can't be propagated
 * into PgStat_TableStatus counters until we know if it is going to commit
 * or abort.  Hence, we keep these counts in per-subxact structs that live
 * in TopTransactionContext.  This data structure is designed on the assumption
 * that subxacts won't usually modify very many tables.
 */
typedef struct PgStat_SubXactStatus
{
	int			nest_level;		/* subtransaction nest level */
	struct PgStat_SubXactStatus *prev;	/* higher-level subxact if any */
	PgStat_TableXactStatus *first;		/* head of list for this subxact */
} PgStat_SubXactStatus;

static PgStat_SubXactStatus *pgStatXactStack = NULL;

static int	pgStatXactCommit = 0;
static int	pgStatXactRollback = 0;

/* Record that's written to 2PC state file when pgstat state is persisted */
typedef struct TwoPhasePgStatRecord
{
	PgStat_Counter tuples_inserted;		/* tuples inserted in xact */
	PgStat_Counter tuples_deleted;		/* tuples deleted in xact */
	Oid			t_id;			/* table's OID */
	bool		t_shared;		/* is it a shared catalog? */
} TwoPhasePgStatRecord;

/*
 * Info about current "snapshot" of stats file
 */
static MemoryContext pgStatLocalContext = NULL;
static HTAB *pgStatDBHash = NULL;
static PgBackendStatus *localBackendStatusTable = NULL;
static int	localNumBackends = 0;

/*
 * Cluster wide statistics, kept in the stats collector.
 * Contains statistics that are not collected per database
 * or per table.
 */
static PgStat_GlobalStats globalStats;

/* Last time the collector successfully wrote the stats file */
static TimestampTz last_statwrite;
/* Latest statistics request time from backends */
static TimestampTz last_statrequest;

static volatile bool need_exit = false;
static volatile bool got_SIGHUP = false;

/*
 * Total time charged to functions so far in the current backend.
 * We use this to help separate "self" and "other" time charges.
 * (We assume this initializes to zero.)
 */
static instr_time total_func_time;


/* ----------
 * Local function forward declarations
 * ----------
 */
#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
static pid_t pgstat_forkexec(void);
#endif

NON_EXEC_STATIC void PgstatCollectorMain(int argc, char *argv[]);
static void pgstat_exit(SIGNAL_ARGS);
static void pgstat_beshutdown_hook(int code, Datum arg);
static void pgstat_sighup_handler(SIGNAL_ARGS);

static PgStat_StatDBEntry *pgstat_get_db_entry(Oid databaseid, bool create);
static void pgstat_write_statsfile(bool permanent);
static HTAB *pgstat_read_statsfile(Oid onlydb, bool permanent);
static void backend_read_statsfile(void);
static void pgstat_read_current_status(void);

static void pgstat_send_tabstat(PgStat_MsgTabstat *tsmsg);
static void pgstat_send_funcstats(void);
static HTAB *pgstat_collect_oids(Oid catalogid);

static PgStat_TableStatus *get_tabstat_entry(Oid rel_id, bool isshared);

static void pgstat_setup_memcxt(void);

static void pgstat_setheader(PgStat_MsgHdr *hdr, StatMsgType mtype);
static void pgstat_send(void *msg, int len);

static void pgstat_recv_inquiry(PgStat_MsgInquiry *msg, int len);
static void pgstat_recv_tabstat(PgStat_MsgTabstat *msg, int len);
static void pgstat_recv_tabpurge(PgStat_MsgTabpurge *msg, int len);
static void pgstat_recv_dropdb(PgStat_MsgDropdb *msg, int len);
static void pgstat_recv_resetcounter(PgStat_MsgResetcounter *msg, int len);
static void pgstat_recv_autovac(PgStat_MsgAutovacStart *msg, int len);
static void pgstat_recv_vacuum(PgStat_MsgVacuum *msg, int len);
static void pgstat_recv_analyze(PgStat_MsgAnalyze *msg, int len);
static void pgstat_recv_bgwriter(PgStat_MsgBgWriter *msg, int len);
static void pgstat_recv_funcstat(PgStat_MsgFuncstat *msg, int len);
static void pgstat_recv_funcpurge(PgStat_MsgFuncpurge *msg, int len);


/* ------------------------------------------------------------
 * Public functions called from postmaster follow
 * ------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/* ----------
 * pgstat_init() -
 *
 *	Called from postmaster at startup. Create the resources required
 *	by the statistics collector process.  If unable to do so, do not
 *	fail --- better to let the postmaster start with stats collection
 *	disabled.
 * ----------
 */
void
pgstat_init(void)
{
	ACCEPT_TYPE_ARG3 alen;
	struct addrinfo *addrs = NULL,
			   *addr,
				hints;
	int			ret;
	fd_set		rset;
	struct timeval tv;
	char		test_byte;
	int			sel_res;
	int			tries = 0;

#define TESTBYTEVAL ((char) 199)

	/*
	 * Create the UDP socket for sending and receiving statistic messages
	 */
	hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
	hints.ai_family = PF_UNSPEC;
	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM;
	hints.ai_protocol = 0;
	hints.ai_addrlen = 0;
	hints.ai_addr = NULL;
	hints.ai_canonname = NULL;
	hints.ai_next = NULL;
	ret = pg_getaddrinfo_all("localhost", NULL, &hints, &addrs);
	if (ret || !addrs)
	{
		ereport(LOG,
				(errmsg("could not resolve \"localhost\": %s",
						gai_strerror(ret))));
		goto startup_failed;
	}

	/*
	 * On some platforms, pg_getaddrinfo_all() may return multiple addresses
	 * only one of which will actually work (eg, both IPv6 and IPv4 addresses
	 * when kernel will reject IPv6).  Worse, the failure may occur at the
	 * bind() or perhaps even connect() stage.	So we must loop through the
	 * results till we find a working combination. We will generate LOG
	 * messages, but no error, for bogus combinations.
	 */
	for (addr = addrs; addr; addr = addr->ai_next)
	{
#ifdef HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS
		/* Ignore AF_UNIX sockets, if any are returned. */
		if (addr->ai_family == AF_UNIX)
			continue;
#endif

		if (++tries > 1)
			ereport(LOG,
			(errmsg("trying another address for the statistics collector")));

		/*
		 * Create the socket.
		 */
		if ((pgStatSock = socket(addr->ai_family, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
		{
			ereport(LOG,
					(errcode_for_socket_access(),
			errmsg("could not create socket for statistics collector: %m")));
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * Bind it to a kernel assigned port on localhost and get the assigned
		 * port via getsockname().
		 */
		if (bind(pgStatSock, addr->ai_addr, addr->ai_addrlen) < 0)
		{
			ereport(LOG,
					(errcode_for_socket_access(),
			  errmsg("could not bind socket for statistics collector: %m")));
			closesocket(pgStatSock);
			pgStatSock = -1;
			continue;
		}

		alen = sizeof(pgStatAddr);
		if (getsockname(pgStatSock, (struct sockaddr *) & pgStatAddr, &alen) < 0)
		{
			ereport(LOG,
					(errcode_for_socket_access(),
					 errmsg("could not get address of socket for statistics collector: %m")));
			closesocket(pgStatSock);
			pgStatSock = -1;
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * Connect the socket to its own address.  This saves a few cycles by
		 * not having to respecify the target address on every send. This also
		 * provides a kernel-level check that only packets from this same
		 * address will be received.
		 */
		if (connect(pgStatSock, (struct sockaddr *) & pgStatAddr, alen) < 0)
		{
			ereport(LOG,
					(errcode_for_socket_access(),
			errmsg("could not connect socket for statistics collector: %m")));
			closesocket(pgStatSock);
			pgStatSock = -1;
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * Try to send and receive a one-byte test message on the socket. This
		 * is to catch situations where the socket can be created but will not
		 * actually pass data (for instance, because kernel packet filtering
		 * rules prevent it).
		 */
		test_byte = TESTBYTEVAL;

retry1:
		if (send(pgStatSock, &test_byte, 1, 0) != 1)
		{
			if (errno == EINTR)
				goto retry1;	/* if interrupted, just retry */
			ereport(LOG,
					(errcode_for_socket_access(),
					 errmsg("could not send test message on socket for statistics collector: %m")));
			closesocket(pgStatSock);
			pgStatSock = -1;
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * There could possibly be a little delay before the message can be
		 * received.  We arbitrarily allow up to half a second before deciding
		 * it's broken.
		 */
		for (;;)				/* need a loop to handle EINTR */
		{
			FD_ZERO(&rset);
			FD_SET(pgStatSock, &rset);
			tv.tv_sec = 0;
			tv.tv_usec = 500000;
			sel_res = select(pgStatSock + 1, &rset, NULL, NULL, &tv);
			if (sel_res >= 0 || errno != EINTR)
				break;
		}
		if (sel_res < 0)
		{
			ereport(LOG,
					(errcode_for_socket_access(),
					 errmsg("select() failed in statistics collector: %m")));
			closesocket(pgStatSock);
			pgStatSock = -1;
			continue;
		}
		if (sel_res == 0 || !FD_ISSET(pgStatSock, &rset))
		{
			/*
			 * This is the case we actually think is likely, so take pains to
			 * give a specific message for it.
			 *
			 * errno will not be set meaningfully here, so don't use it.
			 */
			ereport(LOG,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_CONNECTION_FAILURE),
					 errmsg("test message did not get through on socket for statistics collector")));
			closesocket(pgStatSock);
			pgStatSock = -1;
			continue;
		}

		test_byte++;			/* just make sure variable is changed */

retry2:
		if (recv(pgStatSock, &test_byte, 1, 0) != 1)
		{
			if (errno == EINTR)
				goto retry2;	/* if interrupted, just retry */
			ereport(LOG,
					(errcode_for_socket_access(),
					 errmsg("could not receive test message on socket for statistics collector: %m")));
			closesocket(pgStatSock);
			pgStatSock = -1;
			continue;
		}

		if (test_byte != TESTBYTEVAL)	/* strictly paranoia ... */
		{
			ereport(LOG,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR),
					 errmsg("incorrect test message transmission on socket for statistics collector")));
			closesocket(pgStatSock);
			pgStatSock = -1;
			continue;
		}

		/* If we get here, we have a working socket */
		break;
	}

	/* Did we find a working address? */
	if (!addr || pgStatSock < 0)
		goto startup_failed;

	/*
	 * Set the socket to non-blocking IO.  This ensures that if the collector
	 * falls behind, statistics messages will be discarded; backends won't
	 * block waiting to send messages to the collector.
	 */
	if (!pg_set_noblock(pgStatSock))
	{
		ereport(LOG,
				(errcode_for_socket_access(),
				 errmsg("could not set statistics collector socket to nonblocking mode: %m")));
		goto startup_failed;
	}

	pg_freeaddrinfo_all(hints.ai_family, addrs);

	return;

startup_failed:
	ereport(LOG,
	  (errmsg("disabling statistics collector for lack of working socket")));

	if (addrs)
		pg_freeaddrinfo_all(hints.ai_family, addrs);

	if (pgStatSock >= 0)
		closesocket(pgStatSock);
	pgStatSock = -1;

	/*
	 * Adjust GUC variables to suppress useless activity, and for debugging
	 * purposes (seeing track_counts off is a clue that we failed here). We
	 * use PGC_S_OVERRIDE because there is no point in trying to turn it back
	 * on from postgresql.conf without a restart.
	 */
	SetConfigOption("track_counts", "off", PGC_INTERNAL, PGC_S_OVERRIDE);
}

/*
 * pgstat_reset_all() -
 *
 * Remove the stats file.  This is currently used only if WAL
 * recovery is needed after a crash.
 */
void
pgstat_reset_all(void)
{
	unlink(pgstat_stat_filename);
	unlink(PGSTAT_STAT_PERMANENT_FILENAME);
}

#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND

/*
 * pgstat_forkexec() -
 *
 * Format up the arglist for, then fork and exec, statistics collector process
 */
static pid_t
pgstat_forkexec(void)
{
	char	   *av[10];
	int			ac = 0;

	av[ac++] = "postgres";
	av[ac++] = "--forkcol";
	av[ac++] = NULL;			/* filled in by postmaster_forkexec */

	av[ac] = NULL;
	Assert(ac < lengthof(av));

	return postmaster_forkexec(ac, av);
}
#endif   /* EXEC_BACKEND */


/*
 * pgstat_start() -
 *
 *	Called from postmaster at startup or after an existing collector
 *	died.  Attempt to fire up a fresh statistics collector.
 *
 *	Returns PID of child process, or 0 if fail.
 *
 *	Note: if fail, we will be called again from the postmaster main loop.
 */
int
pgstat_start(void)
{
	time_t		curtime;
	pid_t		pgStatPid;

	/*
	 * Check that the socket is there, else pgstat_init failed and we can do
	 * nothing useful.
	 */
	if (pgStatSock < 0)
		return 0;

	/*
	 * Do nothing if too soon since last collector start.  This is a safety
	 * valve to protect against continuous respawn attempts if the collector
	 * is dying immediately at launch.	Note that since we will be re-called
	 * from the postmaster main loop, we will get another chance later.
	 */
	curtime = time(NULL);
	if ((unsigned int) (curtime - last_pgstat_start_time) <
		(unsigned int) PGSTAT_RESTART_INTERVAL)
		return 0;
	last_pgstat_start_time = curtime;

	/*
	 * Okay, fork off the collector.
	 */
#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
	switch ((pgStatPid = pgstat_forkexec()))
#else
	switch ((pgStatPid = fork_process()))
#endif
	{
		case -1:
			ereport(LOG,
					(errmsg("could not fork statistics collector: %m")));
			return 0;

#ifndef EXEC_BACKEND
		case 0:
			/* in postmaster child ... */
			/* Close the postmaster's sockets */
			ClosePostmasterPorts(false);

			/* Lose the postmaster's on-exit routines */
			on_exit_reset();

			/* Drop our connection to postmaster's shared memory, as well */
			PGSharedMemoryDetach();

			PgstatCollectorMain(0, NULL);
			break;
#endif

		default:
			return (int) pgStatPid;
	}

	/* shouldn't get here */
	return 0;
}

void
allow_immediate_pgstat_restart(void)
{
	last_pgstat_start_time = 0;
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------
 * Public functions used by backends follow
 *------------------------------------------------------------
 */


/* ----------
 * pgstat_report_stat() -
 *
 *	Called from tcop/postgres.c to send the so far collected per-table
 *	and function usage statistics to the collector.  Note that this is
 *	called only when not within a transaction, so it is fair to use
 *	transaction stop time as an approximation of current time.
 * ----------
 */
void
pgstat_report_stat(bool force)
{
	/* we assume this inits to all zeroes: */
	static const PgStat_TableCounts all_zeroes;
	static TimestampTz last_report = 0;

	TimestampTz now;
	PgStat_MsgTabstat regular_msg;
	PgStat_MsgTabstat shared_msg;
	TabStatusArray *tsa;
	int			i;

	/* Don't expend a clock check if nothing to do */
	if ((pgStatTabList == NULL || pgStatTabList->tsa_used == 0)
		&& !have_function_stats)
		return;

	/*
	 * Don't send a message unless it's been at least PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL
	 * msec since we last sent one, or the caller wants to force stats out.
	 */
	now = GetCurrentTransactionStopTimestamp();
	if (!force &&
		!TimestampDifferenceExceeds(last_report, now, PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL))
		return;
	last_report = now;

	/*
	 * Scan through the TabStatusArray struct(s) to find tables that actually
	 * have counts, and build messages to send.  We have to separate shared
	 * relations from regular ones because the databaseid field in the message
	 * header has to depend on that.
	 */
	regular_msg.m_databaseid = MyDatabaseId;
	shared_msg.m_databaseid = InvalidOid;
	regular_msg.m_nentries = 0;
	shared_msg.m_nentries = 0;

	for (tsa = pgStatTabList; tsa != NULL; tsa = tsa->tsa_next)
	{
		for (i = 0; i < tsa->tsa_used; i++)
		{
			PgStat_TableStatus *entry = &tsa->tsa_entries[i];
			PgStat_MsgTabstat *this_msg;
			PgStat_TableEntry *this_ent;

			/* Shouldn't have any pending transaction-dependent counts */
			Assert(entry->trans == NULL);

			/*
			 * Ignore entries that didn't accumulate any actual counts, such
			 * as indexes that were opened by the planner but not used.
			 */
			if (memcmp(&entry->t_counts, &all_zeroes,
					   sizeof(PgStat_TableCounts)) == 0)
				continue;

			/*
			 * OK, insert data into the appropriate message, and send if full.
			 */
			this_msg = entry->t_shared ? &shared_msg : &regular_msg;
			this_ent = &this_msg->m_entry[this_msg->m_nentries];
			this_ent->t_id = entry->t_id;
			memcpy(&this_ent->t_counts, &entry->t_counts,
				   sizeof(PgStat_TableCounts));
			if (++this_msg->m_nentries >= PGSTAT_NUM_TABENTRIES)
			{
				pgstat_send_tabstat(this_msg);
				this_msg->m_nentries = 0;
			}
		}
		/* zero out TableStatus structs after use */
		MemSet(tsa->tsa_entries, 0,
			   tsa->tsa_used * sizeof(PgStat_TableStatus));
		tsa->tsa_used = 0;
	}

	/*
	 * Send partial messages.  If force is true, make sure that any pending
	 * xact commit/abort gets counted, even if no table stats to send.
	 */
	if (regular_msg.m_nentries > 0 ||
		(force && (pgStatXactCommit > 0 || pgStatXactRollback > 0)))
		pgstat_send_tabstat(&regular_msg);
	if (shared_msg.m_nentries > 0)
		pgstat_send_tabstat(&shared_msg);

	/* Now, send function statistics */
	pgstat_send_funcstats();
}

/*
 * Subroutine for pgstat_report_stat: finish and send a tabstat message
 */
static void
pgstat_send_tabstat(PgStat_MsgTabstat *tsmsg)
{
	int			n;
	int			len;

	/* It's unlikely we'd get here with no socket, but maybe not impossible */
	if (pgStatSock < 0)
		return;

	/*
	 * Report accumulated xact commit/rollback whenever we send a normal
	 * tabstat message
	 */
	if (OidIsValid(tsmsg->m_databaseid))
	{
		tsmsg->m_xact_commit = pgStatXactCommit;
		tsmsg->m_xact_rollback = pgStatXactRollback;
		pgStatXactCommit = 0;
		pgStatXactRollback = 0;
	}
	else
	{
		tsmsg->m_xact_commit = 0;
		tsmsg->m_xact_rollback = 0;
	}

	n = tsmsg->m_nentries;
	len = offsetof(PgStat_MsgTabstat, m_entry[0]) +
		n * sizeof(PgStat_TableEntry);

	pgstat_setheader(&tsmsg->m_hdr, PGSTAT_MTYPE_TABSTAT);
	pgstat_send(tsmsg, len);
}

/*
 * Subroutine for pgstat_report_stat: populate and send a function stat message
 */
static void
pgstat_send_funcstats(void)
{
	/* we assume this inits to all zeroes: */
	static const PgStat_FunctionCounts all_zeroes;

	PgStat_MsgFuncstat msg;
	PgStat_BackendFunctionEntry *entry;
	HASH_SEQ_STATUS fstat;

	if (pgStatFunctions == NULL)
		return;

	pgstat_setheader(&msg.m_hdr, PGSTAT_MTYPE_FUNCSTAT);
	msg.m_databaseid = MyDatabaseId;
	msg.m_nentries = 0;

	hash_seq_init(&fstat, pgStatFunctions);
	while ((entry = (PgStat_BackendFunctionEntry *) hash_seq_search(&fstat)) != NULL)
	{
		PgStat_FunctionEntry *m_ent;

		/* Skip it if no counts accumulated since last time */
		if (memcmp(&entry->f_counts, &all_zeroes,
				   sizeof(PgStat_FunctionCounts)) == 0)
			continue;

		/* need to convert format of time accumulators */
		m_ent = &msg.m_entry[msg.m_nentries];
		m_ent->f_id = entry->f_id;
		m_ent->f_numcalls = entry->f_counts.f_numcalls;
		m_ent->f_time = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(entry->f_counts.f_time);
		m_ent->f_time_self = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(entry->f_counts.f_time_self);

		if (++msg.m_nentries >= PGSTAT_NUM_FUNCENTRIES)
		{
			pgstat_send(&msg, offsetof(PgStat_MsgFuncstat, m_entry[0]) +
						msg.m_nentries * sizeof(PgStat_FunctionEntry));
			msg.m_nentries = 0;
		}

		/* reset the entry's counts */
		MemSet(&entry->f_counts, 0, sizeof(PgStat_FunctionCounts));
	}

	if (msg.m_nentries > 0)
		pgstat_send(&msg, offsetof(PgStat_MsgFuncstat, m_entry[0]) +
					msg.m_nentries * sizeof(PgStat_FunctionEntry));

	have_function_stats = false;
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_vacuum_stat() -
 *
 *	Will tell the collector about objects he can get rid of.
 * ----------
 */
void
pgstat_vacuum_stat(void)
{
	HTAB	   *htab;
	PgStat_MsgTabpurge msg;
	PgStat_MsgFuncpurge f_msg;
	HASH_SEQ_STATUS hstat;
	PgStat_StatDBEntry *dbentry;
	PgStat_StatTabEntry *tabentry;
	PgStat_StatFuncEntry *funcentry;
	int			len;

	if (pgStatSock < 0)
		return;

	/*
	 * If not done for this transaction, read the statistics collector stats
	 * file into some hash tables.
	 */
	backend_read_statsfile();

	/*
	 * Read pg_database and make a list of OIDs of all existing databases
	 */
	htab = pgstat_collect_oids(DatabaseRelationId);

	/*
	 * Search the database hash table for dead databases and tell the
	 * collector to drop them.
	 */
	hash_seq_init(&hstat, pgStatDBHash);
	while ((dbentry = (PgStat_StatDBEntry *) hash_seq_search(&hstat)) != NULL)
	{
		Oid			dbid = dbentry->databaseid;

		CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();

		/* the DB entry for shared tables (with InvalidOid) is never dropped */
		if (OidIsValid(dbid) &&
			hash_search(htab, (void *) &dbid, HASH_FIND, NULL) == NULL)
			pgstat_drop_database(dbid);
	}

	/* Clean up */
	hash_destroy(htab);

	/*
	 * Lookup our own database entry; if not found, nothing more to do.
	 */
	dbentry = (PgStat_StatDBEntry *) hash_search(pgStatDBHash,
												 (void *) &MyDatabaseId,
												 HASH_FIND, NULL);
	if (dbentry == NULL || dbentry->tables == NULL)
		return;

	/*
	 * Similarly to above, make a list of all known relations in this DB.
	 */
	htab = pgstat_collect_oids(RelationRelationId);

	/*
	 * Initialize our messages table counter to zero
	 */
	msg.m_nentries = 0;

	/*
	 * Check for all tables listed in stats hashtable if they still exist.
	 */
	hash_seq_init(&hstat, dbentry->tables);
	while ((tabentry = (PgStat_StatTabEntry *) hash_seq_search(&hstat)) != NULL)
	{
		Oid			tabid = tabentry->tableid;

		CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();

		if (hash_search(htab, (void *) &tabid, HASH_FIND, NULL) != NULL)
			continue;

		/*
		 * Not there, so add this table's Oid to the message
		 */
		msg.m_tableid[msg.m_nentries++] = tabid;

		/*
		 * If the message is full, send it out and reinitialize to empty
		 */
		if (msg.m_nentries >= PGSTAT_NUM_TABPURGE)
		{
			len = offsetof(PgStat_MsgTabpurge, m_tableid[0])
				+msg.m_nentries * sizeof(Oid);

			pgstat_setheader(&msg.m_hdr, PGSTAT_MTYPE_TABPURGE);
			msg.m_databaseid = MyDatabaseId;
			pgstat_send(&msg, len);

			msg.m_nentries = 0;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Send the rest
	 */
	if (msg.m_nentries > 0)
	{
		len = offsetof(PgStat_MsgTabpurge, m_tableid[0])
			+msg.m_nentries * sizeof(Oid);

		pgstat_setheader(&msg.m_hdr, PGSTAT_MTYPE_TABPURGE);
		msg.m_databaseid = MyDatabaseId;
		pgstat_send(&msg, len);
	}

	/* Clean up */
	hash_destroy(htab);

	/*
	 * Now repeat the above steps for functions.  However, we needn't bother
	 * in the common case where no function stats are being collected.
	 */
	if (dbentry->functions != NULL &&
		hash_get_num_entries(dbentry->functions) > 0)
	{
		htab = pgstat_collect_oids(ProcedureRelationId);

		pgstat_setheader(&f_msg.m_hdr, PGSTAT_MTYPE_FUNCPURGE);
		f_msg.m_databaseid = MyDatabaseId;
		f_msg.m_nentries = 0;

		hash_seq_init(&hstat, dbentry->functions);
		while ((funcentry = (PgStat_StatFuncEntry *) hash_seq_search(&hstat)) != NULL)
		{
			Oid			funcid = funcentry->functionid;

			CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();

			if (hash_search(htab, (void *) &funcid, HASH_FIND, NULL) != NULL)
				continue;

			/*
			 * Not there, so add this function's Oid to the message
			 */
			f_msg.m_functionid[f_msg.m_nentries++] = funcid;

			/*
			 * If the message is full, send it out and reinitialize to empty
			 */
			if (f_msg.m_nentries >= PGSTAT_NUM_FUNCPURGE)
			{
				len = offsetof(PgStat_MsgFuncpurge, m_functionid[0])
					+f_msg.m_nentries * sizeof(Oid);

				pgstat_send(&f_msg, len);

				f_msg.m_nentries = 0;
			}
		}

		/*
		 * Send the rest
		 */
		if (f_msg.m_nentries > 0)
		{
			len = offsetof(PgStat_MsgFuncpurge, m_functionid[0])
				+f_msg.m_nentries * sizeof(Oid);

			pgstat_send(&f_msg, len);
		}

		hash_destroy(htab);
	}
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_collect_oids() -
 *
 *	Collect the OIDs of all objects listed in the specified system catalog
 *	into a temporary hash table.  Caller should hash_destroy the result
 *	when done with it.
 * ----------
 */
static HTAB *
pgstat_collect_oids(Oid catalogid)
{
	HTAB	   *htab;
	HASHCTL		hash_ctl;
	Relation	rel;
	HeapScanDesc scan;
	HeapTuple	tup;

	memset(&hash_ctl, 0, sizeof(hash_ctl));
	hash_ctl.keysize = sizeof(Oid);
	hash_ctl.entrysize = sizeof(Oid);
	hash_ctl.hash = oid_hash;
	htab = hash_create("Temporary table of OIDs",
					   PGSTAT_TAB_HASH_SIZE,
					   &hash_ctl,
					   HASH_ELEM | HASH_FUNCTION);

	rel = heap_open(catalogid, AccessShareLock);
	scan = heap_beginscan(rel, SnapshotNow, 0, NULL);
	while ((tup = heap_getnext(scan, ForwardScanDirection)) != NULL)
	{
		Oid			thisoid = HeapTupleGetOid(tup);

		CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();

		(void) hash_search(htab, (void *) &thisoid, HASH_ENTER, NULL);
	}
	heap_endscan(scan);
	heap_close(rel, AccessShareLock);

	return htab;
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_drop_database() -
 *
 *	Tell the collector that we just dropped a database.
 *	(If the message gets lost, we will still clean the dead DB eventually
 *	via future invocations of pgstat_vacuum_stat().)
 * ----------
 */
void
pgstat_drop_database(Oid databaseid)
{
	PgStat_MsgDropdb msg;

	if (pgStatSock < 0)
		return;

	pgstat_setheader(&msg.m_hdr, PGSTAT_MTYPE_DROPDB);
	msg.m_databaseid = databaseid;
	pgstat_send(&msg, sizeof(msg));
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_drop_relation() -
 *
 *	Tell the collector that we just dropped a relation.
 *	(If the message gets lost, we will still clean the dead entry eventually
 *	via future invocations of pgstat_vacuum_stat().)
 *
 *	Currently not used for lack of any good place to call it; we rely
 *	entirely on pgstat_vacuum_stat() to clean out stats for dead rels.
 * ----------
 */
#ifdef NOT_USED
void
pgstat_drop_relation(Oid relid)
{
	PgStat_MsgTabpurge msg;
	int			len;

	if (pgStatSock < 0)
		return;

	msg.m_tableid[0] = relid;
	msg.m_nentries = 1;

	len = offsetof(PgStat_MsgTabpurge, m_tableid[0]) +sizeof(Oid);

	pgstat_setheader(&msg.m_hdr, PGSTAT_MTYPE_TABPURGE);
	msg.m_databaseid = MyDatabaseId;
	pgstat_send(&msg, len);
}
#endif   /* NOT_USED */


/* ----------
 * pgstat_reset_counters() -
 *
 *	Tell the statistics collector to reset counters for our database.
 * ----------
 */
void
pgstat_reset_counters(void)
{
	PgStat_MsgResetcounter msg;

	if (pgStatSock < 0)
		return;

	if (!superuser())
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
				 errmsg("must be superuser to reset statistics counters")));

	pgstat_setheader(&msg.m_hdr, PGSTAT_MTYPE_RESETCOUNTER);
	msg.m_databaseid = MyDatabaseId;
	pgstat_send(&msg, sizeof(msg));
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_report_autovac() -
 *
 *	Called from autovacuum.c to report startup of an autovacuum process.
 *	We are called before InitPostgres is done, so can't rely on MyDatabaseId;
 *	the db OID must be passed in, instead.
 * ----------
 */
void
pgstat_report_autovac(Oid dboid)
{
	PgStat_MsgAutovacStart msg;

	if (pgStatSock < 0)
		return;

	pgstat_setheader(&msg.m_hdr, PGSTAT_MTYPE_AUTOVAC_START);
	msg.m_databaseid = dboid;
	msg.m_start_time = GetCurrentTimestamp();

	pgstat_send(&msg, sizeof(msg));
}


/* ---------
 * pgstat_report_vacuum() -
 *
 *	Tell the collector about the table we just vacuumed.
 * ---------
 */
void
pgstat_report_vacuum(Oid tableoid, bool shared, bool scanned_all,
					 bool analyze, PgStat_Counter tuples)
{
	PgStat_MsgVacuum msg;

	if (pgStatSock < 0 || !pgstat_track_counts)
		return;

	pgstat_setheader(&msg.m_hdr, PGSTAT_MTYPE_VACUUM);
	msg.m_databaseid = shared ? InvalidOid : MyDatabaseId;
	msg.m_tableoid = tableoid;
	msg.m_scanned_all = scanned_all;
	msg.m_analyze = analyze;
	msg.m_autovacuum = IsAutoVacuumWorkerProcess();		/* is this autovacuum? */
	msg.m_vacuumtime = GetCurrentTimestamp();
	msg.m_tuples = tuples;
	pgstat_send(&msg, sizeof(msg));
}

/* --------
 * pgstat_report_analyze() -
 *
 *	Tell the collector about the table we just analyzed.
 * --------
 */
void
pgstat_report_analyze(Relation rel, PgStat_Counter livetuples,
					  PgStat_Counter deadtuples)
{
	PgStat_MsgAnalyze msg;

	if (pgStatSock < 0 || !pgstat_track_counts)
		return;

	/*
	 * Unlike VACUUM, ANALYZE might be running inside a transaction that
	 * has already inserted and/or deleted rows in the target table.
	 * ANALYZE will have counted such rows as live or dead respectively.
	 * Because we will report our counts of such rows at transaction end,
	 * we should subtract off these counts from what we send to the collector
	 * now, else they'll be double-counted after commit.  (This approach also
	 * ensures that the collector ends up with the right numbers if we abort
	 * instead of committing.)
	 */
	if (rel->pgstat_info != NULL)
	{
		PgStat_TableXactStatus *trans;

		for (trans = rel->pgstat_info->trans; trans; trans = trans->upper)
		{
			livetuples -= trans->tuples_inserted - trans->tuples_deleted;
			deadtuples -= trans->tuples_deleted;
		}
		/* count stuff inserted by already-aborted subxacts, too */
		deadtuples -= rel->pgstat_info->t_counts.t_new_dead_tuples;
		/* Since ANALYZE's counts are estimates, we could have underflowed */
		livetuples = Max(livetuples, 0);
		deadtuples = Max(deadtuples, 0);
	}

	pgstat_setheader(&msg.m_hdr, PGSTAT_MTYPE_ANALYZE);
	msg.m_databaseid = rel->rd_rel->relisshared ? InvalidOid : MyDatabaseId;
	msg.m_tableoid = RelationGetRelid(rel);
	msg.m_autovacuum = IsAutoVacuumWorkerProcess();	/* is this autovacuum? */
	msg.m_analyzetime = GetCurrentTimestamp();
	msg.m_live_tuples = livetuples;
	msg.m_dead_tuples = deadtuples;
	pgstat_send(&msg, sizeof(msg));
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_ping() -
 *
 *	Send some junk data to the collector to increase traffic.
 * ----------
 */
void
pgstat_ping(void)
{
	PgStat_MsgDummy msg;

	if (pgStatSock < 0)
		return;

	pgstat_setheader(&msg.m_hdr, PGSTAT_MTYPE_DUMMY);
	pgstat_send(&msg, sizeof(msg));
}

/* ----------
 * pgstat_send_inquiry() -
 *
 *	Notify collector that we need fresh data.
 *	ts specifies the minimum acceptable timestamp for the stats file.
 * ----------
 */
static void
pgstat_send_inquiry(TimestampTz ts)
{
	PgStat_MsgInquiry msg;

	pgstat_setheader(&msg.m_hdr, PGSTAT_MTYPE_INQUIRY);
	msg.inquiry_time = ts;
	pgstat_send(&msg, sizeof(msg));
}


/*
 * Initialize function call usage data.
 * Called by the executor before invoking a function.
 */
void
pgstat_init_function_usage(FunctionCallInfoData *fcinfo,
						   PgStat_FunctionCallUsage *fcu)
{
	PgStat_BackendFunctionEntry *htabent;
	bool 		found;

	if (pgstat_track_functions <= fcinfo->flinfo->fn_stats)
	{
		/* stats not wanted */
		fcu->fs = NULL;
		return;
	}

	if (!pgStatFunctions)
	{
		/* First time through - initialize function stat table */
		HASHCTL		hash_ctl;

		memset(&hash_ctl, 0, sizeof(hash_ctl));
		hash_ctl.keysize = sizeof(Oid);
		hash_ctl.entrysize = sizeof(PgStat_BackendFunctionEntry);
		hash_ctl.hash = oid_hash;
		pgStatFunctions = hash_create("Function stat entries",
									  PGSTAT_FUNCTION_HASH_SIZE,
									  &hash_ctl,
									  HASH_ELEM | HASH_FUNCTION);
	}

	/* Get the stats entry for this function, create if necessary */
	htabent = hash_search(pgStatFunctions, &fcinfo->flinfo->fn_oid,
						  HASH_ENTER, &found);
	if (!found)
		MemSet(&htabent->f_counts, 0, sizeof(PgStat_FunctionCounts));

	fcu->fs = &htabent->f_counts;

	/* save stats for this function, later used to compensate for recursion */
	fcu->save_f_time = htabent->f_counts.f_time;

	/* save current backend-wide total time */
	fcu->save_total = total_func_time;

	/* get clock time as of function start */
	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(fcu->f_start);
}

/*
 * Calculate function call usage and update stat counters.
 * Called by the executor after invoking a function.
 *
 * In the case of a set-returning function that runs in value-per-call mode,
 * we will see multiple pgstat_init_function_usage/pgstat_end_function_usage
 * calls for what the user considers a single call of the function.  The
 * finalize flag should be TRUE on the last call.
 */
void
pgstat_end_function_usage(PgStat_FunctionCallUsage *fcu, bool finalize)
{
	PgStat_FunctionCounts *fs = fcu->fs;
	instr_time	f_total;
	instr_time	f_others;
	instr_time	f_self;

	/* stats not wanted? */
	if (fs == NULL)
		return;

	/* total elapsed time in this function call */
	INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(f_total);
	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(f_total, fcu->f_start);

	/* self usage: elapsed minus anything already charged to other calls */
	f_others = total_func_time;
	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(f_others, fcu->save_total);
	f_self = f_total;
	INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(f_self, f_others);

	/* update backend-wide total time */
	INSTR_TIME_ADD(total_func_time, f_self);

	/*
	 * Compute the new total f_time as the total elapsed time added to the
	 * pre-call value of f_time.  This is necessary to avoid double-counting
	 * any time taken by recursive calls of myself.  (We do not need any
	 * similar kluge for self time, since that already excludes any
	 * recursive calls.)
	 */
	INSTR_TIME_ADD(f_total, fcu->save_f_time);

	/* update counters in function stats table */
	if (finalize)
		fs->f_numcalls++;
	fs->f_time = f_total;
	INSTR_TIME_ADD(fs->f_time_self, f_self);

	/* indicate that we have something to send */
	have_function_stats = true;
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_initstats() -
 *
 *	Initialize a relcache entry to count access statistics.
 *	Called whenever a relation is opened.
 *
 *	We assume that a relcache entry's pgstat_info field is zeroed by
 *	relcache.c when the relcache entry is made; thereafter it is long-lived
 *	data.  We can avoid repeated searches of the TabStatus arrays when the
 *	same relation is touched repeatedly within a transaction.
 * ----------
 */
void
pgstat_initstats(Relation rel)
{
	Oid			rel_id = rel->rd_id;
	char		relkind = rel->rd_rel->relkind;

	/* We only count stats for things that have storage */
	if (!(relkind == RELKIND_RELATION ||
		  relkind == RELKIND_INDEX ||
		  relkind == RELKIND_TOASTVALUE))
	{
		rel->pgstat_info = NULL;
		return;
	}

	if (pgStatSock < 0 || !pgstat_track_counts)
	{
		/* We're not counting at all */
		rel->pgstat_info = NULL;
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * If we already set up this relation in the current transaction, nothing
	 * to do.
	 */
	if (rel->pgstat_info != NULL &&
		rel->pgstat_info->t_id == rel_id)
		return;

	/* Else find or make the PgStat_TableStatus entry, and update link */
	rel->pgstat_info = get_tabstat_entry(rel_id, rel->rd_rel->relisshared);
}

/*
 * get_tabstat_entry - find or create a PgStat_TableStatus entry for rel
 */
static PgStat_TableStatus *
get_tabstat_entry(Oid rel_id, bool isshared)
{
	PgStat_TableStatus *entry;
	TabStatusArray *tsa;
	TabStatusArray *prev_tsa;
	int			i;

	/*
	 * Search the already-used tabstat slots for this relation.
	 */
	prev_tsa = NULL;
	for (tsa = pgStatTabList; tsa != NULL; prev_tsa = tsa, tsa = tsa->tsa_next)
	{
		for (i = 0; i < tsa->tsa_used; i++)
		{
			entry = &tsa->tsa_entries[i];
			if (entry->t_id == rel_id)
				return entry;
		}

		if (tsa->tsa_used < TABSTAT_QUANTUM)
		{
			/*
			 * It must not be present, but we found a free slot instead. Fine,
			 * let's use this one.  We assume the entry was already zeroed,
			 * either at creation or after last use.
			 */
			entry = &tsa->tsa_entries[tsa->tsa_used++];
			entry->t_id = rel_id;
			entry->t_shared = isshared;
			return entry;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * We ran out of tabstat slots, so allocate more.  Be sure they're zeroed.
	 */
	tsa = (TabStatusArray *) MemoryContextAllocZero(TopMemoryContext,
													sizeof(TabStatusArray));
	if (prev_tsa)
		prev_tsa->tsa_next = tsa;
	else
		pgStatTabList = tsa;

	/*
	 * Use the first entry of the new TabStatusArray.
	 */
	entry = &tsa->tsa_entries[tsa->tsa_used++];
	entry->t_id = rel_id;
	entry->t_shared = isshared;
	return entry;
}

/*
 * get_tabstat_stack_level - add a new (sub)transaction stack entry if needed
 */
static PgStat_SubXactStatus *
get_tabstat_stack_level(int nest_level)
{
	PgStat_SubXactStatus *xact_state;

	xact_state = pgStatXactStack;
	if (xact_state == NULL || xact_state->nest_level != nest_level)
	{
		xact_state = (PgStat_SubXactStatus *)
			MemoryContextAlloc(TopTransactionContext,
							   sizeof(PgStat_SubXactStatus));
		xact_state->nest_level = nest_level;
		xact_state->prev = pgStatXactStack;
		xact_state->first = NULL;
		pgStatXactStack = xact_state;
	}
	return xact_state;
}

/*
 * add_tabstat_xact_level - add a new (sub)transaction state record
 */
static void
add_tabstat_xact_level(PgStat_TableStatus *pgstat_info, int nest_level)
{
	PgStat_SubXactStatus *xact_state;
	PgStat_TableXactStatus *trans;

	/*
	 * If this is the first rel to be modified at the current nest level, we
	 * first have to push a transaction stack entry.
	 */
	xact_state = get_tabstat_stack_level(nest_level);

	/* Now make a per-table stack entry */
	trans = (PgStat_TableXactStatus *)
		MemoryContextAllocZero(TopTransactionContext,
							   sizeof(PgStat_TableXactStatus));
	trans->nest_level = nest_level;
	trans->upper = pgstat_info->trans;
	trans->parent = pgstat_info;
	trans->next = xact_state->first;
	xact_state->first = trans;
	pgstat_info->trans = trans;
}

/*
 * pgstat_count_heap_insert - count a tuple insertion
 */
void
pgstat_count_heap_insert(Relation rel)
{
	PgStat_TableStatus *pgstat_info = rel->pgstat_info;

	if (pgstat_track_counts && pgstat_info != NULL)
	{
		int			nest_level = GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel();

		/* t_tuples_inserted is nontransactional, so just advance it */
		pgstat_info->t_counts.t_tuples_inserted++;

		/* We have to log the transactional effect at the proper level */
		if (pgstat_info->trans == NULL ||
			pgstat_info->trans->nest_level != nest_level)
			add_tabstat_xact_level(pgstat_info, nest_level);

		pgstat_info->trans->tuples_inserted++;
	}
}

/*
 * pgstat_count_heap_update - count a tuple update
 */
void
pgstat_count_heap_update(Relation rel, bool hot)
{
	PgStat_TableStatus *pgstat_info = rel->pgstat_info;

	if (pgstat_track_counts && pgstat_info != NULL)
	{
		int			nest_level = GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel();

		/* t_tuples_updated is nontransactional, so just advance it */
		pgstat_info->t_counts.t_tuples_updated++;
		/* ditto for the hot_update counter */
		if (hot)
			pgstat_info->t_counts.t_tuples_hot_updated++;

		/* We have to log the transactional effect at the proper level */
		if (pgstat_info->trans == NULL ||
			pgstat_info->trans->nest_level != nest_level)
			add_tabstat_xact_level(pgstat_info, nest_level);

		/* An UPDATE both inserts a new tuple and deletes the old */
		pgstat_info->trans->tuples_inserted++;
		pgstat_info->trans->tuples_deleted++;
	}
}

/*
 * pgstat_count_heap_delete - count a tuple deletion
 */
void
pgstat_count_heap_delete(Relation rel)
{
	PgStat_TableStatus *pgstat_info = rel->pgstat_info;

	if (pgstat_track_counts && pgstat_info != NULL)
	{
		int			nest_level = GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel();

		/* t_tuples_deleted is nontransactional, so just advance it */
		pgstat_info->t_counts.t_tuples_deleted++;

		/* We have to log the transactional effect at the proper level */
		if (pgstat_info->trans == NULL ||
			pgstat_info->trans->nest_level != nest_level)
			add_tabstat_xact_level(pgstat_info, nest_level);

		pgstat_info->trans->tuples_deleted++;
	}
}

/*
 * pgstat_update_heap_dead_tuples - update dead-tuples count
 *
 * The semantics of this are that we are reporting the nontransactional
 * recovery of "delta" dead tuples; so t_new_dead_tuples decreases
 * rather than increasing, and the change goes straight into the per-table
 * counter, not into transactional state.
 */
void
pgstat_update_heap_dead_tuples(Relation rel, int delta)
{
	PgStat_TableStatus *pgstat_info = rel->pgstat_info;

	if (pgstat_track_counts && pgstat_info != NULL)
		pgstat_info->t_counts.t_new_dead_tuples -= delta;
}


/* ----------
 * AtEOXact_PgStat
 *
 *	Called from access/transam/xact.c at top-level transaction commit/abort.
 * ----------
 */
void
AtEOXact_PgStat(bool isCommit)
{
	PgStat_SubXactStatus *xact_state;

	/*
	 * Count transaction commit or abort.  (We use counters, not just bools,
	 * in case the reporting message isn't sent right away.)
	 */
	if (isCommit)
		pgStatXactCommit++;
	else
		pgStatXactRollback++;

	/*
	 * Transfer transactional insert/update counts into the base tabstat
	 * entries.  We don't bother to free any of the transactional state, since
	 * it's all in TopTransactionContext and will go away anyway.
	 */
	xact_state = pgStatXactStack;
	if (xact_state != NULL)
	{
		PgStat_TableXactStatus *trans;

		Assert(xact_state->nest_level == 1);
		Assert(xact_state->prev == NULL);
		for (trans = xact_state->first; trans != NULL; trans = trans->next)
		{
			PgStat_TableStatus *tabstat;

			Assert(trans->nest_level == 1);
			Assert(trans->upper == NULL);
			tabstat = trans->parent;
			Assert(tabstat->trans == trans);
			if (isCommit)
			{
				tabstat->t_counts.t_new_live_tuples +=
					trans->tuples_inserted - trans->tuples_deleted;
				tabstat->t_counts.t_new_dead_tuples += trans->tuples_deleted;
			}
			else
			{
				/* inserted tuples are dead, deleted tuples are unaffected */
				tabstat->t_counts.t_new_dead_tuples += trans->tuples_inserted;
			}
			tabstat->trans = NULL;
		}
	}
	pgStatXactStack = NULL;

	/* Make sure any stats snapshot is thrown away */
	pgstat_clear_snapshot();
}

/* ----------
 * AtEOSubXact_PgStat
 *
 *	Called from access/transam/xact.c at subtransaction commit/abort.
 * ----------
 */
void
AtEOSubXact_PgStat(bool isCommit, int nestDepth)
{
	PgStat_SubXactStatus *xact_state;

	/*
	 * Transfer transactional insert/update counts into the next higher
	 * subtransaction state.
	 */
	xact_state = pgStatXactStack;
	if (xact_state != NULL &&
		xact_state->nest_level >= nestDepth)
	{
		PgStat_TableXactStatus *trans;
		PgStat_TableXactStatus *next_trans;

		/* delink xact_state from stack immediately to simplify reuse case */
		pgStatXactStack = xact_state->prev;

		for (trans = xact_state->first; trans != NULL; trans = next_trans)
		{
			PgStat_TableStatus *tabstat;

			next_trans = trans->next;
			Assert(trans->nest_level == nestDepth);
			tabstat = trans->parent;
			Assert(tabstat->trans == trans);
			if (isCommit)
			{
				if (trans->upper && trans->upper->nest_level == nestDepth - 1)
				{
					trans->upper->tuples_inserted += trans->tuples_inserted;
					trans->upper->tuples_deleted += trans->tuples_deleted;
					tabstat->trans = trans->upper;
					pfree(trans);
				}
				else
				{
					/*
					 * When there isn't an immediate parent state, we can just
					 * reuse the record instead of going through a
					 * palloc/pfree pushup (this works since it's all in
					 * TopTransactionContext anyway).  We have to re-link it
					 * into the parent level, though, and that might mean
					 * pushing a new entry into the pgStatXactStack.
					 */
					PgStat_SubXactStatus *upper_xact_state;

					upper_xact_state = get_tabstat_stack_level(nestDepth - 1);
					trans->next = upper_xact_state->first;
					upper_xact_state->first = trans;
					trans->nest_level = nestDepth - 1;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				/*
				 * On abort, inserted tuples are dead (and can be bounced out
				 * to the top-level tabstat), deleted tuples are unaffected
				 */
				tabstat->t_counts.t_new_dead_tuples += trans->tuples_inserted;
				tabstat->trans = trans->upper;
				pfree(trans);
			}
		}
		pfree(xact_state);
	}
}


/*
 * AtPrepare_PgStat
 *		Save the transactional stats state at 2PC transaction prepare.
 *
 * In this phase we just generate 2PC records for all the pending
 * transaction-dependent stats work.
 */
void
AtPrepare_PgStat(void)
{
	PgStat_SubXactStatus *xact_state;

	xact_state = pgStatXactStack;
	if (xact_state != NULL)
	{
		PgStat_TableXactStatus *trans;

		Assert(xact_state->nest_level == 1);
		Assert(xact_state->prev == NULL);
		for (trans = xact_state->first; trans != NULL; trans = trans->next)
		{
			PgStat_TableStatus *tabstat;
			TwoPhasePgStatRecord record;

			Assert(trans->nest_level == 1);
			Assert(trans->upper == NULL);
			tabstat = trans->parent;
			Assert(tabstat->trans == trans);

			record.tuples_inserted = trans->tuples_inserted;
			record.tuples_deleted = trans->tuples_deleted;
			record.t_id = tabstat->t_id;
			record.t_shared = tabstat->t_shared;

			RegisterTwoPhaseRecord(TWOPHASE_RM_PGSTAT_ID, 0,
								   &record, sizeof(TwoPhasePgStatRecord));
		}
	}
}

/*
 * PostPrepare_PgStat
 *		Clean up after successful PREPARE.
 *
 * All we need do here is unlink the transaction stats state from the
 * nontransactional state.	The nontransactional action counts will be
 * reported to the stats collector immediately, while the effects on live
 * and dead tuple counts are preserved in the 2PC state file.
 *
 * Note: AtEOXact_PgStat is not called during PREPARE.
 */
void
PostPrepare_PgStat(void)
{
	PgStat_SubXactStatus *xact_state;

	/*
	 * We don't bother to free any of the transactional state, since it's all
	 * in TopTransactionContext and will go away anyway.
	 */
	xact_state = pgStatXactStack;
	if (xact_state != NULL)
	{
		PgStat_TableXactStatus *trans;

		for (trans = xact_state->first; trans != NULL; trans = trans->next)
		{
			PgStat_TableStatus *tabstat;

			tabstat = trans->parent;
			tabstat->trans = NULL;
		}
	}
	pgStatXactStack = NULL;

	/* Make sure any stats snapshot is thrown away */
	pgstat_clear_snapshot();
}

/*
 * 2PC processing routine for COMMIT PREPARED case.
 *
 * Load the saved counts into our local pgstats state.
 */
void
pgstat_twophase_postcommit(TransactionId xid, uint16 info,
						   void *recdata, uint32 len)
{
	TwoPhasePgStatRecord *rec = (TwoPhasePgStatRecord *) recdata;
	PgStat_TableStatus *pgstat_info;

	/* Find or create a tabstat entry for the rel */
	pgstat_info = get_tabstat_entry(rec->t_id, rec->t_shared);

	pgstat_info->t_counts.t_new_live_tuples +=
		rec->tuples_inserted - rec->tuples_deleted;
	pgstat_info->t_counts.t_new_dead_tuples += rec->tuples_deleted;
}

/*
 * 2PC processing routine for ROLLBACK PREPARED case.
 *
 * Load the saved counts into our local pgstats state, but treat them
 * as aborted.
 */
void
pgstat_twophase_postabort(TransactionId xid, uint16 info,
						  void *recdata, uint32 len)
{
	TwoPhasePgStatRecord *rec = (TwoPhasePgStatRecord *) recdata;
	PgStat_TableStatus *pgstat_info;

	/* Find or create a tabstat entry for the rel */
	pgstat_info = get_tabstat_entry(rec->t_id, rec->t_shared);

	/* inserted tuples are dead, deleted tuples are no-ops */
	pgstat_info->t_counts.t_new_dead_tuples += rec->tuples_inserted;
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_fetch_stat_dbentry() -
 *
 *	Support function for the SQL-callable pgstat* functions. Returns
 *	the collected statistics for one database or NULL. NULL doesn't mean
 *	that the database doesn't exist, it is just not yet known by the
 *	collector, so the caller is better off to report ZERO instead.
 * ----------
 */
PgStat_StatDBEntry *
pgstat_fetch_stat_dbentry(Oid dbid)
{
	/*
	 * If not done for this transaction, read the statistics collector stats
	 * file into some hash tables.
	 */
	backend_read_statsfile();

	/*
	 * Lookup the requested database; return NULL if not found
	 */
	return (PgStat_StatDBEntry *) hash_search(pgStatDBHash,
											  (void *) &dbid,
											  HASH_FIND, NULL);
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_fetch_stat_tabentry() -
 *
 *	Support function for the SQL-callable pgstat* functions. Returns
 *	the collected statistics for one table or NULL. NULL doesn't mean
 *	that the table doesn't exist, it is just not yet known by the
 *	collector, so the caller is better off to report ZERO instead.
 * ----------
 */
PgStat_StatTabEntry *
pgstat_fetch_stat_tabentry(Oid relid)
{
	Oid			dbid;
	PgStat_StatDBEntry *dbentry;
	PgStat_StatTabEntry *tabentry;

	/*
	 * If not done for this transaction, read the statistics collector stats
	 * file into some hash tables.
	 */
	backend_read_statsfile();

	/*
	 * Lookup our database, then look in its table hash table.
	 */
	dbid = MyDatabaseId;
	dbentry = (PgStat_StatDBEntry *) hash_search(pgStatDBHash,
												 (void *) &dbid,
												 HASH_FIND, NULL);
	if (dbentry != NULL && dbentry->tables != NULL)
	{
		tabentry = (PgStat_StatTabEntry *) hash_search(dbentry->tables,
													   (void *) &relid,
													   HASH_FIND, NULL);
		if (tabentry)
			return tabentry;
	}

	/*
	 * If we didn't find it, maybe it's a shared table.
	 */
	dbid = InvalidOid;
	dbentry = (PgStat_StatDBEntry *) hash_search(pgStatDBHash,
												 (void *) &dbid,
												 HASH_FIND, NULL);
	if (dbentry != NULL && dbentry->tables != NULL)
	{
		tabentry = (PgStat_StatTabEntry *) hash_search(dbentry->tables,
													   (void *) &relid,
													   HASH_FIND, NULL);
		if (tabentry)
			return tabentry;
	}

	return NULL;
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_fetch_stat_funcentry() -
 *
 *	Support function for the SQL-callable pgstat* functions. Returns
 *	the collected statistics for one function or NULL.
 * ----------
 */
PgStat_StatFuncEntry *
pgstat_fetch_stat_funcentry(Oid func_id)
{
	PgStat_StatDBEntry *dbentry;
	PgStat_StatFuncEntry *funcentry = NULL;

	/* load the stats file if needed */
	backend_read_statsfile();

	/* Lookup our database, then find the requested function.  */
	dbentry = pgstat_fetch_stat_dbentry(MyDatabaseId);
	if (dbentry != NULL && dbentry->functions != NULL)
	{
		funcentry = (PgStat_StatFuncEntry *) hash_search(dbentry->functions,
														 (void *) &func_id,
														 HASH_FIND, NULL);
	}

	return funcentry;
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_fetch_stat_beentry() -
 *
 *	Support function for the SQL-callable pgstat* functions. Returns
 *	our local copy of the current-activity entry for one backend.
 *
 *	NB: caller is responsible for a check if the user is permitted to see
 *	this info (especially the querystring).
 * ----------
 */
PgBackendStatus *
pgstat_fetch_stat_beentry(int beid)
{
	pgstat_read_current_status();

	if (beid < 1 || beid > localNumBackends)
		return NULL;

	return &localBackendStatusTable[beid - 1];
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_fetch_stat_numbackends() -
 *
 *	Support function for the SQL-callable pgstat* functions. Returns
 *	the maximum current backend id.
 * ----------
 */
int
pgstat_fetch_stat_numbackends(void)
{
	pgstat_read_current_status();

	return localNumBackends;
}

/*
 * ---------
 * pgstat_fetch_global() -
 *
 *	Support function for the SQL-callable pgstat* functions. Returns
 *	a pointer to the global statistics struct.
 * ---------
 */
PgStat_GlobalStats *
pgstat_fetch_global(void)
{
	backend_read_statsfile();

	return &globalStats;
}


/* ------------------------------------------------------------
 * Functions for management of the shared-memory PgBackendStatus array
 * ------------------------------------------------------------
 */

static PgBackendStatus *BackendStatusArray = NULL;
static PgBackendStatus *MyBEEntry = NULL;
static char			   *BackendActivityBuffer = NULL;


/*
 * Report shared-memory space needed by CreateSharedBackendStatus.
 */
Size
BackendStatusShmemSize(void)
{
	Size		size;

	size = add_size(mul_size(sizeof(PgBackendStatus), MaxBackends),
					mul_size(pgstat_track_activity_query_size, MaxBackends));
	return size;
}

/*
 * Initialize the shared status array and activity string buffer during
 * postmaster startup.
 */
void
CreateSharedBackendStatus(void)
{
	Size		size;
	bool		found;
	int			i;
	char	   *buffer;

	/* Create or attach to the shared array */
	size = mul_size(sizeof(PgBackendStatus), MaxBackends);
	BackendStatusArray = (PgBackendStatus *)
		ShmemInitStruct("Backend Status Array", size, &found);

	if (!found)
	{
		/*
		 * We're the first - initialize.
		 */
		MemSet(BackendStatusArray, 0, size);
	}

	/* Create or attach to the shared activity buffer */
	size = mul_size(pgstat_track_activity_query_size, MaxBackends);
	BackendActivityBuffer = (char*)
		ShmemInitStruct("Backend Activity Buffer", size, &found);

	if (!found)
	{
		MemSet(BackendActivityBuffer, 0, size);

		/* Initialize st_activity pointers. */
		buffer = BackendActivityBuffer;
		for (i = 0; i < MaxBackends; i++) {
			BackendStatusArray[i].st_activity = buffer;
			buffer += pgstat_track_activity_query_size;
		}
	}
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_initialize() -
 *
 *	Initialize pgstats state, and set up our on-proc-exit hook.
 *	Called from InitPostgres.  MyBackendId must be set,
 *	but we must not have started any transaction yet (since the
 *	exit hook must run after the last transaction exit).
 * ----------
 */
void
pgstat_initialize(void)
{
	/* Initialize MyBEEntry */
	Assert(MyBackendId >= 1 && MyBackendId <= MaxBackends);
	MyBEEntry = &BackendStatusArray[MyBackendId - 1];

	/* Set up a process-exit hook to clean up */
	on_shmem_exit(pgstat_beshutdown_hook, 0);
}

/* ----------
 * pgstat_bestart() -
 *
 *	Initialize this backend's entry in the PgBackendStatus array.
 *	Called from InitPostgres.  MyDatabaseId and session userid must be set
 *	(hence, this cannot be combined with pgstat_initialize).
 * ----------
 */
void
pgstat_bestart(void)
{
	TimestampTz proc_start_timestamp;
	Oid			userid;
	SockAddr	clientaddr;
	volatile PgBackendStatus *beentry;

	/*
	 * To minimize the time spent modifying the PgBackendStatus entry, fetch
	 * all the needed data first.
	 *
	 * If we have a MyProcPort, use its session start time (for consistency,
	 * and to save a kernel call).
	 */
	if (MyProcPort)
		proc_start_timestamp = MyProcPort->SessionStartTime;
	else
		proc_start_timestamp = GetCurrentTimestamp();
	userid = GetSessionUserId();

	/*
	 * We may not have a MyProcPort (eg, if this is the autovacuum process).
	 * If so, use all-zeroes client address, which is dealt with specially in
	 * pg_stat_get_backend_client_addr and pg_stat_get_backend_client_port.
	 */
	if (MyProcPort)
		memcpy(&clientaddr, &MyProcPort->raddr, sizeof(clientaddr));
	else
		MemSet(&clientaddr, 0, sizeof(clientaddr));

	/*
	 * Initialize my status entry, following the protocol of bumping
	 * st_changecount before and after; and make sure it's even afterwards. We
	 * use a volatile pointer here to ensure the compiler doesn't try to get
	 * cute.
	 */
	beentry = MyBEEntry;
	do
	{
		beentry->st_changecount++;
	} while ((beentry->st_changecount & 1) == 0);

	beentry->st_procpid = MyProcPid;
	beentry->st_proc_start_timestamp = proc_start_timestamp;
	beentry->st_activity_start_timestamp = 0;
	beentry->st_xact_start_timestamp = 0;
	beentry->st_databaseid = MyDatabaseId;
	beentry->st_userid = userid;
	beentry->st_clientaddr = clientaddr;
	beentry->st_waiting = false;
	beentry->st_activity[0] = '\0';
	/* Also make sure the last byte in the string area is always 0 */
	beentry->st_activity[pgstat_track_activity_query_size - 1] = '\0';

	beentry->st_changecount++;
	Assert((beentry->st_changecount & 1) == 0);
}

/*
 * Shut down a single backend's statistics reporting at process exit.
 *
 * Flush any remaining statistics counts out to the collector.
 * Without this, operations triggered during backend exit (such as
 * temp table deletions) won't be counted.
 *
 * Lastly, clear out our entry in the PgBackendStatus array.
 */
static void
pgstat_beshutdown_hook(int code, Datum arg)
{
	volatile PgBackendStatus *beentry = MyBEEntry;

	pgstat_report_stat(true);

	/*
	 * Clear my status entry, following the protocol of bumping st_changecount
	 * before and after.  We use a volatile pointer here to ensure the
	 * compiler doesn't try to get cute.
	 */
	beentry->st_changecount++;

	beentry->st_procpid = 0;	/* mark invalid */

	beentry->st_changecount++;
	Assert((beentry->st_changecount & 1) == 0);
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_report_activity() -
 *
 *	Called from tcop/postgres.c to report what the backend is actually doing
 *	(usually "<IDLE>" or the start of the query to be executed).
 * ----------
 */
void
pgstat_report_activity(const char *cmd_str)
{
	volatile PgBackendStatus *beentry = MyBEEntry;
	TimestampTz start_timestamp;
	int			len;

	TRACE_POSTGRESQL_STATEMENT_STATUS(cmd_str);

	if (!pgstat_track_activities || !beentry)
		return;

	/*
	 * To minimize the time spent modifying the entry, fetch all the needed
	 * data first.
	 */
	start_timestamp = GetCurrentStatementStartTimestamp();

	len = strlen(cmd_str);
	len = pg_mbcliplen(cmd_str, len, pgstat_track_activity_query_size - 1);

	/*
	 * Update my status entry, following the protocol of bumping
	 * st_changecount before and after.  We use a volatile pointer here to
	 * ensure the compiler doesn't try to get cute.
	 */
	beentry->st_changecount++;

	beentry->st_activity_start_timestamp = start_timestamp;
	memcpy((char *) beentry->st_activity, cmd_str, len);
	beentry->st_activity[len] = '\0';

	beentry->st_changecount++;
	Assert((beentry->st_changecount & 1) == 0);
}

/*
 * Report current transaction start timestamp as the specified value.
 * Zero means there is no active transaction.
 */
void
pgstat_report_xact_timestamp(TimestampTz tstamp)
{
	volatile PgBackendStatus *beentry = MyBEEntry;

	if (!pgstat_track_activities || !beentry)
		return;

	/*
	 * Update my status entry, following the protocol of bumping
	 * st_changecount before and after.  We use a volatile pointer here to
	 * ensure the compiler doesn't try to get cute.
	 */
	beentry->st_changecount++;
	beentry->st_xact_start_timestamp = tstamp;
	beentry->st_changecount++;
	Assert((beentry->st_changecount & 1) == 0);
}

/* ----------
 * pgstat_report_waiting() -
 *
 *	Called from lock manager to report beginning or end of a lock wait.
 *
 * NB: this *must* be able to survive being called before MyBEEntry has been
 * initialized.
 * ----------
 */
void
pgstat_report_waiting(bool waiting)
{
	volatile PgBackendStatus *beentry = MyBEEntry;

	if (!pgstat_track_activities || !beentry)
		return;

	/*
	 * Since this is a single-byte field in a struct that only this process
	 * may modify, there seems no need to bother with the st_changecount
	 * protocol.  The update must appear atomic in any case.
	 */
	beentry->st_waiting = waiting;
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_read_current_status() -
 *
 *	Copy the current contents of the PgBackendStatus array to local memory,
 *	if not already done in this transaction.
 * ----------
 */
static void
pgstat_read_current_status(void)
{
	volatile PgBackendStatus *beentry;
	PgBackendStatus *localtable;
	PgBackendStatus *localentry;
	char			*localactivity;
	int			i;

	Assert(!pgStatRunningInCollector);
	if (localBackendStatusTable)
		return;					/* already done */

	pgstat_setup_memcxt();

	localtable = (PgBackendStatus *)
		MemoryContextAlloc(pgStatLocalContext,
						   sizeof(PgBackendStatus) * MaxBackends);
	localactivity = (char *)
		MemoryContextAlloc(pgStatLocalContext,
						   pgstat_track_activity_query_size * MaxBackends);
	localNumBackends = 0;

	beentry = BackendStatusArray;
	localentry = localtable;
	for (i = 1; i <= MaxBackends; i++)
	{
		/*
		 * Follow the protocol of retrying if st_changecount changes while we
		 * copy the entry, or if it's odd.  (The check for odd is needed to
		 * cover the case where we are able to completely copy the entry while
		 * the source backend is between increment steps.)	We use a volatile
		 * pointer here to ensure the compiler doesn't try to get cute.
		 */
		for (;;)
		{
			int			save_changecount = beentry->st_changecount;

			localentry->st_procpid = beentry->st_procpid;
			if (localentry->st_procpid > 0)
			{
				memcpy(localentry, (char *) beentry, sizeof(PgBackendStatus));
				/*
				 * strcpy is safe even if the string is modified concurrently,
				 * because there's always a \0 at the end of the buffer.
				 */
				strcpy(localactivity, (char *) beentry->st_activity);
				localentry->st_activity = localactivity;
			}

			if (save_changecount == beentry->st_changecount &&
				(save_changecount & 1) == 0)
				break;

			/* Make sure we can break out of loop if stuck... */
			CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
		}

		beentry++;
		/* Only valid entries get included into the local array */
		if (localentry->st_procpid > 0)
		{
			localentry++;
			localactivity += pgstat_track_activity_query_size;
			localNumBackends++;
		}
	}

	/* Set the pointer only after completion of a valid table */
	localBackendStatusTable = localtable;
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_get_backend_current_activity() -
 *
 *	Return a string representing the current activity of the backend with
 *	the specified PID.  This looks directly at the BackendStatusArray,
 *	and so will provide current information regardless of the age of our
 *	transaction's snapshot of the status array.
 *
 *	It is the caller's responsibility to invoke this only for backends whose
 *	state is expected to remain stable while the result is in use.  The
 *	only current use is in deadlock reporting, where we can expect that
 *	the target backend is blocked on a lock.  (There are corner cases
 *	where the target's wait could get aborted while we are looking at it,
 *	but the very worst consequence is to return a pointer to a string
 *	that's been changed, so we won't worry too much.)
 *
 *	Note: return strings for special cases match pg_stat_get_backend_activity.
 * ----------
 */
const char *
pgstat_get_backend_current_activity(int pid, bool checkUser)
{
	PgBackendStatus *beentry;
	int			i;

	beentry = BackendStatusArray;
	for (i = 1; i <= MaxBackends; i++)
	{
		/*
		 * Although we expect the target backend's entry to be stable, that
		 * doesn't imply that anyone else's is.  To avoid identifying the
		 * wrong backend, while we check for a match to the desired PID we
		 * must follow the protocol of retrying if st_changecount changes
		 * while we examine the entry, or if it's odd.  (This might be
		 * unnecessary, since fetching or storing an int is almost certainly
		 * atomic, but let's play it safe.)  We use a volatile pointer here
		 * to ensure the compiler doesn't try to get cute.
		 */
		volatile PgBackendStatus *vbeentry = beentry;
		bool	found;

		for (;;)
		{
			int			save_changecount = vbeentry->st_changecount;

			found = (vbeentry->st_procpid == pid);

			if (save_changecount == vbeentry->st_changecount &&
				(save_changecount & 1) == 0)
				break;

			/* Make sure we can break out of loop if stuck... */
			CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
		}

		if (found)
		{
			/* Now it is safe to use the non-volatile pointer */
			if (checkUser && !superuser() && beentry->st_userid != GetUserId())
				return "<insufficient privilege>";
			else if (*(beentry->st_activity) == '\0')
				return "<command string not enabled>";
			else
				return beentry->st_activity;
		}

		beentry++;
	}

	/* If we get here, caller is in error ... */
	return "<backend information not available>";
}


/* ------------------------------------------------------------
 * Local support functions follow
 * ------------------------------------------------------------
 */


/* ----------
 * pgstat_setheader() -
 *
 *		Set common header fields in a statistics message
 * ----------
 */
static void
pgstat_setheader(PgStat_MsgHdr *hdr, StatMsgType mtype)
{
	hdr->m_type = mtype;
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_send() -
 *
 *		Send out one statistics message to the collector
 * ----------
 */
static void
pgstat_send(void *msg, int len)
{
	int			rc;

	if (pgStatSock < 0)
		return;

	((PgStat_MsgHdr *) msg)->m_size = len;

	/* We'll retry after EINTR, but ignore all other failures */
	do
	{
		rc = send(pgStatSock, msg, len, 0);
	} while (rc < 0 && errno == EINTR);

#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
	/* In debug builds, log send failures ... */
	if (rc < 0)
		elog(LOG, "could not send to statistics collector: %m");
#endif
}

/* ----------
 * pgstat_send_bgwriter() -
 *
 *		Send bgwriter statistics to the collector
 * ----------
 */
void
pgstat_send_bgwriter(void)
{
	/* We assume this initializes to zeroes */
	static const PgStat_MsgBgWriter all_zeroes;

	/*
	 * This function can be called even if nothing at all has happened. In
	 * this case, avoid sending a completely empty message to the stats
	 * collector.
	 */
	if (memcmp(&BgWriterStats, &all_zeroes, sizeof(PgStat_MsgBgWriter)) == 0)
		return;

	/*
	 * Prepare and send the message
	 */
	pgstat_setheader(&BgWriterStats.m_hdr, PGSTAT_MTYPE_BGWRITER);
	pgstat_send(&BgWriterStats, sizeof(BgWriterStats));

	/*
	 * Clear out the statistics buffer, so it can be re-used.
	 */
	MemSet(&BgWriterStats, 0, sizeof(BgWriterStats));
}


/* ----------
 * PgstatCollectorMain() -
 *
 *	Start up the statistics collector process.	This is the body of the
 *	postmaster child process.
 *
 *	The argc/argv parameters are valid only in EXEC_BACKEND case.
 * ----------
 */
NON_EXEC_STATIC void
PgstatCollectorMain(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int			len;
	PgStat_Msg	msg;

#ifndef WIN32
#ifdef HAVE_POLL
	struct pollfd input_fd;
#else
	struct timeval sel_timeout;
	fd_set		rfds;
#endif
#endif

	IsUnderPostmaster = true;	/* we are a postmaster subprocess now */

	MyProcPid = getpid();		/* reset MyProcPid */

	MyStartTime = time(NULL);	/* record Start Time for logging */

	/*
	 * If possible, make this process a group leader, so that the postmaster
	 * can signal any child processes too.	(pgstat probably never has any
	 * child processes, but for consistency we make all postmaster child
	 * processes do this.)
	 */
#ifdef HAVE_SETSID
	if (setsid() < 0)
		elog(FATAL, "setsid() failed: %m");
#endif

	/*
	 * Ignore all signals usually bound to some action in the postmaster,
	 * except SIGQUIT.
	 */
	pqsignal(SIGHUP, pgstat_sighup_handler);
	pqsignal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
	pqsignal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN);
	pqsignal(SIGQUIT, pgstat_exit);
	pqsignal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
	pqsignal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
	pqsignal(SIGUSR1, SIG_IGN);
	pqsignal(SIGUSR2, SIG_IGN);
	pqsignal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
	pqsignal(SIGTTIN, SIG_DFL);
	pqsignal(SIGTTOU, SIG_DFL);
	pqsignal(SIGCONT, SIG_DFL);
	pqsignal(SIGWINCH, SIG_DFL);
	PG_SETMASK(&UnBlockSig);

	/*
	 * Identify myself via ps
	 */
	init_ps_display("stats collector process", "", "", "");

	/*
	 * Arrange to write the initial status file right away
	 */
	last_statrequest = GetCurrentTimestamp();
	last_statwrite = last_statrequest - 1;

	/*
	 * Read in an existing statistics stats file or initialize the stats to
	 * zero.
	 */
	pgStatRunningInCollector = true;
	pgStatDBHash = pgstat_read_statsfile(InvalidOid, true);

	/*
	 * Setup the descriptor set for select(2).	Since only one bit in the set
	 * ever changes, we need not repeat FD_ZERO each time.
	 */
#if !defined(HAVE_POLL) && !defined(WIN32)
	FD_ZERO(&rfds);
#endif

	/*
	 * Loop to process messages until we get SIGQUIT or detect ungraceful
	 * death of our parent postmaster.
	 *
	 * For performance reasons, we don't want to do a PostmasterIsAlive() test
	 * after every message; instead, do it only when select()/poll() is
	 * interrupted by timeout.  In essence, we'll stay alive as long as
	 * backends keep sending us stuff often, even if the postmaster is gone.
	 */
	for (;;)
	{
		int			got_data;

		/*
		 * Quit if we get SIGQUIT from the postmaster.
		 */
		if (need_exit)
			break;

		/*
		 * Reload configuration if we got SIGHUP from the postmaster.
		 */
		if (got_SIGHUP)
		{
			ProcessConfigFile(PGC_SIGHUP);
			got_SIGHUP = false;
		}

		/*
		 * Write the stats file if a new request has arrived that is not
		 * satisfied by existing file.
		 */
		if (last_statwrite < last_statrequest)
			pgstat_write_statsfile(false);

		/*
		 * Wait for a message to arrive; but not for more than
		 * PGSTAT_SELECT_TIMEOUT seconds. (This determines how quickly we will
		 * shut down after an ungraceful postmaster termination; so it needn't
		 * be very fast.  However, on some systems SIGQUIT won't interrupt the
		 * poll/select call, so this also limits speed of response to SIGQUIT,
		 * which is more important.)
		 *
		 * We use poll(2) if available, otherwise select(2). Win32 has its own
		 * implementation.
		 */
#ifndef WIN32
#ifdef HAVE_POLL
		input_fd.fd = pgStatSock;
		input_fd.events = POLLIN | POLLERR;
		input_fd.revents = 0;

		if (poll(&input_fd, 1, PGSTAT_SELECT_TIMEOUT * 1000) < 0)
		{
			if (errno == EINTR)
				continue;
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode_for_socket_access(),
					 errmsg("poll() failed in statistics collector: %m")));
		}

		got_data = (input_fd.revents != 0);
#else							/* !HAVE_POLL */

		FD_SET(pgStatSock, &rfds);

		/*
		 * timeout struct is modified by select() on some operating systems,
		 * so re-fill it each time.
		 */
		sel_timeout.tv_sec = PGSTAT_SELECT_TIMEOUT;
		sel_timeout.tv_usec = 0;

		if (select(pgStatSock + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &sel_timeout) < 0)
		{
			if (errno == EINTR)
				continue;
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode_for_socket_access(),
					 errmsg("select() failed in statistics collector: %m")));
		}

		got_data = FD_ISSET(pgStatSock, &rfds);
#endif   /* HAVE_POLL */
#else							/* WIN32 */
		got_data = pgwin32_waitforsinglesocket(pgStatSock, FD_READ,
											   PGSTAT_SELECT_TIMEOUT * 1000);
#endif

		/*
		 * If there is a message on the socket, read it and check for
		 * validity.
		 */
		if (got_data)
		{
			len = recv(pgStatSock, (char *) &msg,
					   sizeof(PgStat_Msg), 0);
			if (len < 0)
			{
				if (errno == EINTR)
					continue;
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode_for_socket_access(),
						 errmsg("could not read statistics message: %m")));
			}

			/*
			 * We ignore messages that are smaller than our common header
			 */
			if (len < sizeof(PgStat_MsgHdr))
				continue;

			/*
			 * The received length must match the length in the header
			 */
			if (msg.msg_hdr.m_size != len)
				continue;

			/*
			 * O.K. - we accept this message.  Process it.
			 */
			switch (msg.msg_hdr.m_type)
			{
				case PGSTAT_MTYPE_DUMMY:
					break;

				case PGSTAT_MTYPE_INQUIRY:
					pgstat_recv_inquiry((PgStat_MsgInquiry *) &msg, len);
					break;

				case PGSTAT_MTYPE_TABSTAT:
					pgstat_recv_tabstat((PgStat_MsgTabstat *) &msg, len);
					break;

				case PGSTAT_MTYPE_TABPURGE:
					pgstat_recv_tabpurge((PgStat_MsgTabpurge *) &msg, len);
					break;

				case PGSTAT_MTYPE_DROPDB:
					pgstat_recv_dropdb((PgStat_MsgDropdb *) &msg, len);
					break;

				case PGSTAT_MTYPE_RESETCOUNTER:
					pgstat_recv_resetcounter((PgStat_MsgResetcounter *) &msg,
											 len);
					break;

				case PGSTAT_MTYPE_AUTOVAC_START:
					pgstat_recv_autovac((PgStat_MsgAutovacStart *) &msg, len);
					break;

				case PGSTAT_MTYPE_VACUUM:
					pgstat_recv_vacuum((PgStat_MsgVacuum *) &msg, len);
					break;

				case PGSTAT_MTYPE_ANALYZE:
					pgstat_recv_analyze((PgStat_MsgAnalyze *) &msg, len);
					break;

				case PGSTAT_MTYPE_BGWRITER:
					pgstat_recv_bgwriter((PgStat_MsgBgWriter *) &msg, len);
					break;

 				case PGSTAT_MTYPE_FUNCSTAT:
 					pgstat_recv_funcstat((PgStat_MsgFuncstat *) &msg, len);
 					break;

				case PGSTAT_MTYPE_FUNCPURGE:
					pgstat_recv_funcpurge((PgStat_MsgFuncpurge *) &msg, len);
					break;

				default:
					break;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			/*
			 * We can only get here if the select/poll timeout elapsed. Check
			 * for postmaster death.
			 */
			if (!PostmasterIsAlive(true))
				break;
		}
	}							/* end of message-processing loop */

	/*
	 * Save the final stats to reuse at next startup.
	 */
	pgstat_write_statsfile(true);

	exit(0);
}


/* SIGQUIT signal handler for collector process */
static void
pgstat_exit(SIGNAL_ARGS)
{
	need_exit = true;
}

/* SIGHUP handler for collector process */
static void
pgstat_sighup_handler(SIGNAL_ARGS)
{
	got_SIGHUP = true;
}


/*
 * Lookup the hash table entry for the specified database. If no hash
 * table entry exists, initialize it, if the create parameter is true.
 * Else, return NULL.
 */
static PgStat_StatDBEntry *
pgstat_get_db_entry(Oid databaseid, bool create)
{
	PgStat_StatDBEntry *result;
	bool		found;
	HASHACTION	action = (create ? HASH_ENTER : HASH_FIND);

	/* Lookup or create the hash table entry for this database */
	result = (PgStat_StatDBEntry *) hash_search(pgStatDBHash,
												&databaseid,
												action, &found);

	if (!create && !found)
		return NULL;

	/* If not found, initialize the new one. */
	if (!found)
	{
		HASHCTL		hash_ctl;

		result->tables = NULL;
		result->functions = NULL;
		result->n_xact_commit = 0;
		result->n_xact_rollback = 0;
		result->n_blocks_fetched = 0;
		result->n_blocks_hit = 0;
		result->n_tuples_returned = 0;
		result->n_tuples_fetched = 0;
		result->n_tuples_inserted = 0;
		result->n_tuples_updated = 0;
		result->n_tuples_deleted = 0;
		result->last_autovac_time = 0;

		memset(&hash_ctl, 0, sizeof(hash_ctl));
		hash_ctl.keysize = sizeof(Oid);
		hash_ctl.entrysize = sizeof(PgStat_StatTabEntry);
		hash_ctl.hash = oid_hash;
		result->tables = hash_create("Per-database table",
									 PGSTAT_TAB_HASH_SIZE,
									 &hash_ctl,
									 HASH_ELEM | HASH_FUNCTION);

		hash_ctl.keysize = sizeof(Oid);
		hash_ctl.entrysize = sizeof(PgStat_StatFuncEntry);
		hash_ctl.hash = oid_hash;
		result->functions = hash_create("Per-database function",
										PGSTAT_FUNCTION_HASH_SIZE,
										&hash_ctl,
										HASH_ELEM | HASH_FUNCTION);
	}

	return result;
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_write_statsfile() -
 *
 *	Tell the news.
 *	If writing to the permanent file (happens when the collector is
 *	shutting down only), remove the temporary file so that backends
 *	starting up under a new postmaster can't read the old data before
 *	the new collector is ready.
 * ----------
 */
static void
pgstat_write_statsfile(bool permanent)
{
	HASH_SEQ_STATUS hstat;
	HASH_SEQ_STATUS tstat;
	HASH_SEQ_STATUS fstat;
	PgStat_StatDBEntry *dbentry;
	PgStat_StatTabEntry *tabentry;
	PgStat_StatFuncEntry *funcentry;
	FILE	   *fpout;
	int32		format_id;
	const char *tmpfile = permanent?PGSTAT_STAT_PERMANENT_TMPFILE:pgstat_stat_tmpname;
	const char *statfile = permanent?PGSTAT_STAT_PERMANENT_FILENAME:pgstat_stat_filename;

	/*
	 * Open the statistics temp file to write out the current values.
	 */
	fpout = AllocateFile(tmpfile, PG_BINARY_W);
	if (fpout == NULL)
	{
		ereport(LOG,
				(errcode_for_file_access(),
				 errmsg("could not open temporary statistics file \"%s\": %m",
						tmpfile)));
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Set the timestamp of the stats file.
	 */
	globalStats.stats_timestamp = GetCurrentTimestamp();

	/*
	 * Write the file header --- currently just a format ID.
	 */
	format_id = PGSTAT_FILE_FORMAT_ID;
	fwrite(&format_id, sizeof(format_id), 1, fpout);

	/*
	 * Write global stats struct
	 */
	fwrite(&globalStats, sizeof(globalStats), 1, fpout);

	/*
	 * Walk through the database table.
	 */
	hash_seq_init(&hstat, pgStatDBHash);
	while ((dbentry = (PgStat_StatDBEntry *) hash_seq_search(&hstat)) != NULL)
	{
		/*
		 * Write out the DB entry including the number of live backends. We
		 * don't write the tables or functions pointers, since they're of
		 * no use to any other process.
		 */
		fputc('D', fpout);
		fwrite(dbentry, offsetof(PgStat_StatDBEntry, tables), 1, fpout);

		/*
		 * Walk through the database's access stats per table.
		 */
		hash_seq_init(&tstat, dbentry->tables);
		while ((tabentry = (PgStat_StatTabEntry *) hash_seq_search(&tstat)) != NULL)
		{
			fputc('T', fpout);
			fwrite(tabentry, sizeof(PgStat_StatTabEntry), 1, fpout);
		}

		/*
		 * Walk through the database's function stats table.
		 */
		hash_seq_init(&fstat, dbentry->functions);
		while ((funcentry = (PgStat_StatFuncEntry *) hash_seq_search(&fstat)) != NULL)
		{
			fputc('F', fpout);
			fwrite(funcentry, sizeof(PgStat_StatFuncEntry), 1, fpout);
		}

		/*
		 * Mark the end of this DB
		 */
		fputc('d', fpout);
	}

	/*
	 * No more output to be done. Close the temp file and replace the old
	 * pgstat.stat with it.  The ferror() check replaces testing for error
	 * after each individual fputc or fwrite above.
	 */
	fputc('E', fpout);

	if (ferror(fpout))
	{
		ereport(LOG,
				(errcode_for_file_access(),
			   errmsg("could not write temporary statistics file \"%s\": %m",
					  tmpfile)));
		FreeFile(fpout);
		unlink(tmpfile);
	}
	else if (FreeFile(fpout) < 0)
	{
		ereport(LOG,
				(errcode_for_file_access(),
			   errmsg("could not close temporary statistics file \"%s\": %m",
					  tmpfile)));
		unlink(tmpfile);
	}
	else if (rename(tmpfile, statfile) < 0)
	{
		ereport(LOG,
				(errcode_for_file_access(),
				 errmsg("could not rename temporary statistics file \"%s\" to \"%s\": %m",
						tmpfile, statfile)));
		unlink(tmpfile);
	}
	else
	{
		/*
		 * Successful write, so update last_statwrite.
		 */
		last_statwrite = globalStats.stats_timestamp;

		/*
		 * It's not entirely clear whether there could be clock skew between
		 * backends and the collector; but just in case someone manages to
		 * send us a stats request time that's far in the future, reset it.
		 * This ensures that no inquiry message can cause more than one stats
		 * file write to occur.
		 */
		last_statrequest = last_statwrite;
	}

	if (permanent)
		unlink(pgstat_stat_filename);
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_read_statsfile() -
 *
 *	Reads in an existing statistics collector file and initializes the
 *	databases' hash table (whose entries point to the tables' hash tables).
 * ----------
 */
static HTAB *
pgstat_read_statsfile(Oid onlydb, bool permanent)
{
	PgStat_StatDBEntry *dbentry;
	PgStat_StatDBEntry dbbuf;
	PgStat_StatTabEntry *tabentry;
	PgStat_StatTabEntry tabbuf;
	PgStat_StatFuncEntry funcbuf;
	PgStat_StatFuncEntry *funcentry;
	HASHCTL		hash_ctl;
	HTAB	   *dbhash;
	HTAB	   *tabhash = NULL;
	HTAB	   *funchash = NULL;
	FILE	   *fpin;
	int32		format_id;
	bool		found;
	const char *statfile = permanent?PGSTAT_STAT_PERMANENT_FILENAME:pgstat_stat_filename;

	/*
	 * The tables will live in pgStatLocalContext.
	 */
	pgstat_setup_memcxt();

	/*
	 * Create the DB hashtable
	 */
	memset(&hash_ctl, 0, sizeof(hash_ctl));
	hash_ctl.keysize = sizeof(Oid);
	hash_ctl.entrysize = sizeof(PgStat_StatDBEntry);
	hash_ctl.hash = oid_hash;
	hash_ctl.hcxt = pgStatLocalContext;
	dbhash = hash_create("Databases hash", PGSTAT_DB_HASH_SIZE, &hash_ctl,
						 HASH_ELEM | HASH_FUNCTION | HASH_CONTEXT);

	/*
	 * Clear out global statistics so they start from zero in case we can't
	 * load an existing statsfile.
	 */
	memset(&globalStats, 0, sizeof(globalStats));

	/*
	 * Try to open the status file. If it doesn't exist, the backends simply
	 * return zero for anything and the collector simply starts from scratch
	 * with empty counters.
	 */
	if ((fpin = AllocateFile(statfile, PG_BINARY_R)) == NULL)
		return dbhash;

	/*
	 * Verify it's of the expected format.
	 */
	if (fread(&format_id, 1, sizeof(format_id), fpin) != sizeof(format_id)
		|| format_id != PGSTAT_FILE_FORMAT_ID)
	{
		ereport(pgStatRunningInCollector ? LOG : WARNING,
				(errmsg("corrupted pgstat.stat file")));
		goto done;
	}

	/*
	 * Read global stats struct
	 */
	if (fread(&globalStats, 1, sizeof(globalStats), fpin) != sizeof(globalStats))
	{
		ereport(pgStatRunningInCollector ? LOG : WARNING,
				(errmsg("corrupted pgstat.stat file")));
		goto done;
	}

	/*
	 * We found an existing collector stats file. Read it and put all the
	 * hashtable entries into place.
	 */
	for (;;)
	{
		switch (fgetc(fpin))
		{
				/*
				 * 'D'	A PgStat_StatDBEntry struct describing a database
				 * follows. Subsequently, zero to many 'T' and 'F' entries
				 * will follow until a 'd' is encountered.
				 */
			case 'D':
				if (fread(&dbbuf, 1, offsetof(PgStat_StatDBEntry, tables),
						  fpin) != offsetof(PgStat_StatDBEntry, tables))
				{
					ereport(pgStatRunningInCollector ? LOG : WARNING,
							(errmsg("corrupted pgstat.stat file")));
					goto done;
				}

				/*
				 * Add to the DB hash
				 */
				dbentry = (PgStat_StatDBEntry *) hash_search(dbhash,
												  (void *) &dbbuf.databaseid,
															 HASH_ENTER,
															 &found);
				if (found)
				{
					ereport(pgStatRunningInCollector ? LOG : WARNING,
							(errmsg("corrupted pgstat.stat file")));
					goto done;
				}

				memcpy(dbentry, &dbbuf, sizeof(PgStat_StatDBEntry));
				dbentry->tables = NULL;
				dbentry->functions = NULL;

				/*
				 * Don't collect tables if not the requested DB (or the
				 * shared-table info)
				 */
				if (onlydb != InvalidOid)
				{
					if (dbbuf.databaseid != onlydb &&
						dbbuf.databaseid != InvalidOid)
						break;
				}

				memset(&hash_ctl, 0, sizeof(hash_ctl));
				hash_ctl.keysize = sizeof(Oid);
				hash_ctl.entrysize = sizeof(PgStat_StatTabEntry);
				hash_ctl.hash = oid_hash;
				hash_ctl.hcxt = pgStatLocalContext;
				dbentry->tables = hash_create("Per-database table",
											  PGSTAT_TAB_HASH_SIZE,
											  &hash_ctl,
								   HASH_ELEM | HASH_FUNCTION | HASH_CONTEXT);

				hash_ctl.keysize = sizeof(Oid);
				hash_ctl.entrysize = sizeof(PgStat_StatFuncEntry);
				hash_ctl.hash = oid_hash;
				hash_ctl.hcxt = pgStatLocalContext;
				dbentry->functions = hash_create("Per-database function",
												 PGSTAT_FUNCTION_HASH_SIZE,
												 &hash_ctl,
								   HASH_ELEM | HASH_FUNCTION | HASH_CONTEXT);
				/*
				 * Arrange that following records add entries to this
				 * database's hash tables.
				 */
				tabhash = dbentry->tables;
				funchash = dbentry->functions;
				break;

				/*
				 * 'd'	End of this database.
				 */
			case 'd':
				tabhash = NULL;
				funchash = NULL;
				break;

				/*
				 * 'T'	A PgStat_StatTabEntry follows.
				 */
			case 'T':
				if (fread(&tabbuf, 1, sizeof(PgStat_StatTabEntry),
						  fpin) != sizeof(PgStat_StatTabEntry))
				{
					ereport(pgStatRunningInCollector ? LOG : WARNING,
							(errmsg("corrupted pgstat.stat file")));
					goto done;
				}

				/*
				 * Skip if table belongs to a not requested database.
				 */
				if (tabhash == NULL)
					break;

				tabentry = (PgStat_StatTabEntry *) hash_search(tabhash,
													(void *) &tabbuf.tableid,
														 HASH_ENTER, &found);

				if (found)
				{
					ereport(pgStatRunningInCollector ? LOG : WARNING,
							(errmsg("corrupted pgstat.stat file")));
					goto done;
				}

				memcpy(tabentry, &tabbuf, sizeof(tabbuf));
				break;

				/*
				 * 'F'	A PgStat_StatFuncEntry follows.
				 */
			case 'F':
				if (fread(&funcbuf, 1, sizeof(PgStat_StatFuncEntry),
						  fpin) != sizeof(PgStat_StatFuncEntry))
				{
					ereport(pgStatRunningInCollector ? LOG : WARNING,
							(errmsg("corrupted pgstat.stat file")));
					goto done;
				}

				/*
				 * Skip if function belongs to a not requested database.
				 */
				if (funchash == NULL)
					break;

				funcentry = (PgStat_StatFuncEntry *) hash_search(funchash,
													(void *) &funcbuf.functionid,
														 HASH_ENTER, &found);

				if (found)
				{
					ereport(pgStatRunningInCollector ? LOG : WARNING,
							(errmsg("corrupted pgstat.stat file")));
					goto done;
				}

				memcpy(funcentry, &funcbuf, sizeof(funcbuf));
				break;

				/*
				 * 'E'	The EOF marker of a complete stats file.
				 */
			case 'E':
				goto done;

			default:
				ereport(pgStatRunningInCollector ? LOG : WARNING,
						(errmsg("corrupted pgstat.stat file")));
				goto done;
		}
	}

done:
	FreeFile(fpin);

	if (permanent)
		unlink(PGSTAT_STAT_PERMANENT_FILENAME);

	return dbhash;
}

/* ----------
 * pgstat_read_statsfile_timestamp() -
 *
 *	Attempt to fetch the timestamp of an existing stats file.
 *	Returns TRUE if successful (timestamp is stored at *ts).
 * ----------
 */
static bool
pgstat_read_statsfile_timestamp(bool permanent, TimestampTz *ts)
{
	PgStat_GlobalStats myGlobalStats;
	FILE	   *fpin;
	int32		format_id;
	const char *statfile = permanent?PGSTAT_STAT_PERMANENT_FILENAME:pgstat_stat_filename;

	/*
	 * Try to open the status file.
	 */
	if ((fpin = AllocateFile(statfile, PG_BINARY_R)) == NULL)
		return false;

	/*
	 * Verify it's of the expected format.
	 */
	if (fread(&format_id, 1, sizeof(format_id), fpin) != sizeof(format_id)
		|| format_id != PGSTAT_FILE_FORMAT_ID)
	{
		FreeFile(fpin);
		return false;
	}

	/*
	 * Read global stats struct
	 */
	if (fread(&myGlobalStats, 1, sizeof(myGlobalStats), fpin) != sizeof(myGlobalStats))
	{
		FreeFile(fpin);
		return false;
	}

	*ts = myGlobalStats.stats_timestamp;

	FreeFile(fpin);
	return true;
}

/*
 * If not already done, read the statistics collector stats file into
 * some hash tables.  The results will be kept until pgstat_clear_snapshot()
 * is called (typically, at end of transaction).
 */
static void
backend_read_statsfile(void)
{
	TimestampTz min_ts;
	int			count;

	/* already read it? */
	if (pgStatDBHash)
		return;
	Assert(!pgStatRunningInCollector);

	/*
	 * We set the minimum acceptable timestamp to PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL msec
	 * before now.  This indirectly ensures that the collector needn't write
	 * the file more often than PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL.  In an autovacuum
	 * worker, however, we want a lower delay to avoid using stale data, so we
	 * use PGSTAT_RETRY_DELAY (since the number of worker is low, this
	 * shouldn't be a problem).
	 *
	 * Note that we don't recompute min_ts after sleeping; so we might end up
	 * accepting a file a bit older than PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL.  In practice
	 * that shouldn't happen, though, as long as the sleep time is less than
	 * PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL; and we don't want to lie to the collector about
	 * what our cutoff time really is.
	 */
	if (IsAutoVacuumWorkerProcess())
		min_ts = TimestampTzPlusMilliseconds(GetCurrentTimestamp(),
											 -PGSTAT_RETRY_DELAY);
	else
		min_ts = TimestampTzPlusMilliseconds(GetCurrentTimestamp(),
											 -PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL);

	/*
	 * Loop until fresh enough stats file is available or we ran out of time.
	 * The stats inquiry message is sent repeatedly in case collector drops it.
	 */
	for (count = 0; count < PGSTAT_POLL_LOOP_COUNT; count++)
	{
		TimestampTz file_ts = 0;

		CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();

		if (pgstat_read_statsfile_timestamp(false, &file_ts) &&
			file_ts >= min_ts)
			break;

		/* Not there or too old, so kick the collector and wait a bit */
		pgstat_send_inquiry(min_ts);
		pg_usleep(PGSTAT_RETRY_DELAY * 1000L);
	}

	if (count >= PGSTAT_POLL_LOOP_COUNT)
		elog(WARNING, "pgstat wait timeout");

	/* Autovacuum launcher wants stats about all databases */
	if (IsAutoVacuumLauncherProcess())
		pgStatDBHash = pgstat_read_statsfile(InvalidOid, false);
	else
		pgStatDBHash = pgstat_read_statsfile(MyDatabaseId, false);
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_setup_memcxt() -
 *
 *	Create pgStatLocalContext, if not already done.
 * ----------
 */
static void
pgstat_setup_memcxt(void)
{
	if (!pgStatLocalContext)
		pgStatLocalContext = AllocSetContextCreate(TopMemoryContext,
												   "Statistics snapshot",
												   ALLOCSET_SMALL_MINSIZE,
												   ALLOCSET_SMALL_INITSIZE,
												   ALLOCSET_SMALL_MAXSIZE);
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_clear_snapshot() -
 *
 *	Discard any data collected in the current transaction.	Any subsequent
 *	request will cause new snapshots to be read.
 *
 *	This is also invoked during transaction commit or abort to discard
 *	the no-longer-wanted snapshot.
 * ----------
 */
void
pgstat_clear_snapshot(void)
{
	/* Release memory, if any was allocated */
	if (pgStatLocalContext)
		MemoryContextDelete(pgStatLocalContext);

	/* Reset variables */
	pgStatLocalContext = NULL;
	pgStatDBHash = NULL;
	localBackendStatusTable = NULL;
	localNumBackends = 0;
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_recv_inquiry() -
 *
 *	Process stat inquiry requests.
 * ----------
 */
static void
pgstat_recv_inquiry(PgStat_MsgInquiry *msg, int len)
{
	if (msg->inquiry_time > last_statrequest)
		last_statrequest = msg->inquiry_time;
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_recv_tabstat() -
 *
 *	Count what the backend has done.
 * ----------
 */
static void
pgstat_recv_tabstat(PgStat_MsgTabstat *msg, int len)
{
	PgStat_TableEntry *tabmsg = &(msg->m_entry[0]);
	PgStat_StatDBEntry *dbentry;
	PgStat_StatTabEntry *tabentry;
	int			i;
	bool		found;

	dbentry = pgstat_get_db_entry(msg->m_databaseid, true);

	/*
	 * Update database-wide stats.
	 */
	dbentry->n_xact_commit += (PgStat_Counter) (msg->m_xact_commit);
	dbentry->n_xact_rollback += (PgStat_Counter) (msg->m_xact_rollback);

	/*
	 * Process all table entries in the message.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < msg->m_nentries; i++)
	{
		tabentry = (PgStat_StatTabEntry *) hash_search(dbentry->tables,
												  (void *) &(tabmsg[i].t_id),
													   HASH_ENTER, &found);

		if (!found)
		{
			/*
			 * If it's a new table entry, initialize counters to the values we
			 * just got.
			 */
			tabentry->numscans = tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_numscans;
			tabentry->tuples_returned = tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_tuples_returned;
			tabentry->tuples_fetched = tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_tuples_fetched;
			tabentry->tuples_inserted = tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_tuples_inserted;
			tabentry->tuples_updated = tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_tuples_updated;
			tabentry->tuples_deleted = tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_tuples_deleted;
			tabentry->tuples_hot_updated = tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_tuples_hot_updated;
			tabentry->n_live_tuples = tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_new_live_tuples;
			tabentry->n_dead_tuples = tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_new_dead_tuples;
			tabentry->blocks_fetched = tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_blocks_fetched;
			tabentry->blocks_hit = tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_blocks_hit;

			tabentry->last_anl_tuples = 0;
			tabentry->vacuum_timestamp = 0;
			tabentry->autovac_vacuum_timestamp = 0;
			tabentry->analyze_timestamp = 0;
			tabentry->autovac_analyze_timestamp = 0;
		}
		else
		{
			/*
			 * Otherwise add the values to the existing entry.
			 */
			tabentry->numscans += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_numscans;
			tabentry->tuples_returned += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_tuples_returned;
			tabentry->tuples_fetched += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_tuples_fetched;
			tabentry->tuples_inserted += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_tuples_inserted;
			tabentry->tuples_updated += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_tuples_updated;
			tabentry->tuples_deleted += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_tuples_deleted;
			tabentry->tuples_hot_updated += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_tuples_hot_updated;
			tabentry->n_live_tuples += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_new_live_tuples;
			tabentry->n_dead_tuples += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_new_dead_tuples;
			tabentry->blocks_fetched += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_blocks_fetched;
			tabentry->blocks_hit += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_blocks_hit;
		}

		/* Clamp n_live_tuples in case of negative new_live_tuples */
		tabentry->n_live_tuples = Max(tabentry->n_live_tuples, 0);
		/* Likewise for n_dead_tuples */
		tabentry->n_dead_tuples = Max(tabentry->n_dead_tuples, 0);

		/*
		 * Add per-table stats to the per-database entry, too.
		 */
		dbentry->n_tuples_returned += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_tuples_returned;
		dbentry->n_tuples_fetched += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_tuples_fetched;
		dbentry->n_tuples_inserted += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_tuples_inserted;
		dbentry->n_tuples_updated += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_tuples_updated;
		dbentry->n_tuples_deleted += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_tuples_deleted;
		dbentry->n_blocks_fetched += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_blocks_fetched;
		dbentry->n_blocks_hit += tabmsg[i].t_counts.t_blocks_hit;
	}
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_recv_tabpurge() -
 *
 *	Arrange for dead table removal.
 * ----------
 */
static void
pgstat_recv_tabpurge(PgStat_MsgTabpurge *msg, int len)
{
	PgStat_StatDBEntry *dbentry;
	int			i;

	dbentry = pgstat_get_db_entry(msg->m_databaseid, false);

	/*
	 * No need to purge if we don't even know the database.
	 */
	if (!dbentry || !dbentry->tables)
		return;

	/*
	 * Process all table entries in the message.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < msg->m_nentries; i++)
	{
		/* Remove from hashtable if present; we don't care if it's not. */
		(void) hash_search(dbentry->tables,
						   (void *) &(msg->m_tableid[i]),
						   HASH_REMOVE, NULL);
	}
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_recv_dropdb() -
 *
 *	Arrange for dead database removal
 * ----------
 */
static void
pgstat_recv_dropdb(PgStat_MsgDropdb *msg, int len)
{
	PgStat_StatDBEntry *dbentry;

	/*
	 * Lookup the database in the hashtable.
	 */
	dbentry = pgstat_get_db_entry(msg->m_databaseid, false);

	/*
	 * If found, remove it.
	 */
	if (dbentry)
	{
		if (dbentry->tables != NULL)
			hash_destroy(dbentry->tables);
		if (dbentry->functions != NULL)
			hash_destroy(dbentry->functions);

		if (hash_search(pgStatDBHash,
						(void *) &(dbentry->databaseid),
						HASH_REMOVE, NULL) == NULL)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errmsg("database hash table corrupted "
							"during cleanup --- abort")));
	}
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_recv_resetcounter() -
 *
 *	Reset the statistics for the specified database.
 * ----------
 */
static void
pgstat_recv_resetcounter(PgStat_MsgResetcounter *msg, int len)
{
	HASHCTL		hash_ctl;
	PgStat_StatDBEntry *dbentry;

	/*
	 * Lookup the database in the hashtable.  Nothing to do if not there.
	 */
	dbentry = pgstat_get_db_entry(msg->m_databaseid, false);

	if (!dbentry)
		return;

	/*
	 * We simply throw away all the database's table entries by recreating a
	 * new hash table for them.
	 */
	if (dbentry->tables != NULL)
		hash_destroy(dbentry->tables);
	if (dbentry->functions != NULL)
		hash_destroy(dbentry->functions);

	dbentry->tables = NULL;
	dbentry->functions = NULL;
	dbentry->n_xact_commit = 0;
	dbentry->n_xact_rollback = 0;
	dbentry->n_blocks_fetched = 0;
	dbentry->n_blocks_hit = 0;

	memset(&hash_ctl, 0, sizeof(hash_ctl));
	hash_ctl.keysize = sizeof(Oid);
	hash_ctl.entrysize = sizeof(PgStat_StatTabEntry);
	hash_ctl.hash = oid_hash;
	dbentry->tables = hash_create("Per-database table",
								  PGSTAT_TAB_HASH_SIZE,
								  &hash_ctl,
								  HASH_ELEM | HASH_FUNCTION);

	hash_ctl.keysize = sizeof(Oid);
	hash_ctl.entrysize = sizeof(PgStat_StatFuncEntry);
	hash_ctl.hash = oid_hash;
	dbentry->functions = hash_create("Per-database function",
									 PGSTAT_FUNCTION_HASH_SIZE,
									 &hash_ctl,
									 HASH_ELEM | HASH_FUNCTION);
}

/* ----------
 * pgstat_recv_autovac() -
 *
 *	Process an autovacuum signalling message.
 * ----------
 */
static void
pgstat_recv_autovac(PgStat_MsgAutovacStart *msg, int len)
{
	PgStat_StatDBEntry *dbentry;

	/*
	 * Lookup the database in the hashtable.  Don't create the entry if it
	 * doesn't exist, because autovacuum may be processing a template
	 * database.  If this isn't the case, the database is most likely to have
	 * an entry already.  (If it doesn't, not much harm is done anyway --
	 * it'll get created as soon as somebody actually uses the database.)
	 */
	dbentry = pgstat_get_db_entry(msg->m_databaseid, false);
	if (dbentry == NULL)
		return;

	/*
	 * Store the last autovacuum time in the database entry.
	 */
	dbentry->last_autovac_time = msg->m_start_time;
}

/* ----------
 * pgstat_recv_vacuum() -
 *
 *	Process a VACUUM message.
 * ----------
 */
static void
pgstat_recv_vacuum(PgStat_MsgVacuum *msg, int len)
{
	PgStat_StatDBEntry *dbentry;
	PgStat_StatTabEntry *tabentry;

	/*
	 * Don't create either the database or table entry if it doesn't already
	 * exist.  This avoids bloating the stats with entries for stuff that is
	 * only touched by vacuum and not by live operations.
	 */
	dbentry = pgstat_get_db_entry(msg->m_databaseid, false);
	if (dbentry == NULL)
		return;

	tabentry = hash_search(dbentry->tables, &(msg->m_tableoid),
						   HASH_FIND, NULL);
	if (tabentry == NULL)
		return;

	if (msg->m_autovacuum)
		tabentry->autovac_vacuum_timestamp = msg->m_vacuumtime;
	else
		tabentry->vacuum_timestamp = msg->m_vacuumtime;
	if (msg->m_scanned_all)
		tabentry->n_live_tuples = msg->m_tuples;
	/* Resetting dead_tuples to 0 is an approximation ... */
	tabentry->n_dead_tuples = 0;
	if (msg->m_analyze)
	{
		if (msg->m_scanned_all)
			tabentry->last_anl_tuples = msg->m_tuples;
		else
		{
			/* last_anl_tuples must never exceed n_live_tuples+n_dead_tuples */
			tabentry->last_anl_tuples = Min(tabentry->last_anl_tuples,
											tabentry->n_live_tuples);
		}

		if (msg->m_autovacuum)
			tabentry->autovac_analyze_timestamp = msg->m_vacuumtime;
		else
			tabentry->analyze_timestamp = msg->m_vacuumtime;
	}
	else
	{
		/* last_anl_tuples must never exceed n_live_tuples+n_dead_tuples */
		tabentry->last_anl_tuples = Min(tabentry->last_anl_tuples,
										tabentry->n_live_tuples);
	}
}

/* ----------
 * pgstat_recv_analyze() -
 *
 *	Process an ANALYZE message.
 * ----------
 */
static void
pgstat_recv_analyze(PgStat_MsgAnalyze *msg, int len)
{
	PgStat_StatDBEntry *dbentry;
	PgStat_StatTabEntry *tabentry;

	/*
	 * Don't create either the database or table entry if it doesn't already
	 * exist.  This avoids bloating the stats with entries for stuff that is
	 * only touched by analyze and not by live operations.
	 */
	dbentry = pgstat_get_db_entry(msg->m_databaseid, false);
	if (dbentry == NULL)
		return;

	tabentry = hash_search(dbentry->tables, &(msg->m_tableoid),
						   HASH_FIND, NULL);
	if (tabentry == NULL)
		return;

	if (msg->m_autovacuum)
		tabentry->autovac_analyze_timestamp = msg->m_analyzetime;
	else
		tabentry->analyze_timestamp = msg->m_analyzetime;
	tabentry->n_live_tuples = msg->m_live_tuples;
	tabentry->n_dead_tuples = msg->m_dead_tuples;
	tabentry->last_anl_tuples = msg->m_live_tuples + msg->m_dead_tuples;
}


/* ----------
 * pgstat_recv_bgwriter() -
 *
 *	Process a BGWRITER message.
 * ----------
 */
static void
pgstat_recv_bgwriter(PgStat_MsgBgWriter *msg, int len)
{
	globalStats.timed_checkpoints += msg->m_timed_checkpoints;
	globalStats.requested_checkpoints += msg->m_requested_checkpoints;
	globalStats.buf_written_checkpoints += msg->m_buf_written_checkpoints;
	globalStats.buf_written_clean += msg->m_buf_written_clean;
	globalStats.maxwritten_clean += msg->m_maxwritten_clean;
	globalStats.buf_written_backend += msg->m_buf_written_backend;
	globalStats.buf_alloc += msg->m_buf_alloc;
}

/* ----------
 * pgstat_recv_funcstat() -
 *
 *	Count what the backend has done.
 * ----------
 */
static void
pgstat_recv_funcstat(PgStat_MsgFuncstat *msg, int len)
{
	PgStat_FunctionEntry *funcmsg = &(msg->m_entry[0]);
	PgStat_StatDBEntry *dbentry;
	PgStat_StatFuncEntry *funcentry;
	int			i;
	bool		found;

	dbentry = pgstat_get_db_entry(msg->m_databaseid, true);

	/*
	 * Process all function entries in the message.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < msg->m_nentries; i++, funcmsg++)
	{
		funcentry = (PgStat_StatFuncEntry *) hash_search(dbentry->functions,
												  (void *) &(funcmsg->f_id),
													   HASH_ENTER, &found);

		if (!found)
		{
			/*
			 * If it's a new function entry, initialize counters to the values
			 * we just got.
			 */
			funcentry->f_numcalls = funcmsg->f_numcalls;
			funcentry->f_time = funcmsg->f_time;
			funcentry->f_time_self = funcmsg->f_time_self;
		}
		else
		{
			/*
			 * Otherwise add the values to the existing entry.
			 */
			funcentry->f_numcalls += funcmsg->f_numcalls;
			funcentry->f_time += funcmsg->f_time;
			funcentry->f_time_self += funcmsg->f_time_self;
		}
	}
}

/* ----------
 * pgstat_recv_funcpurge() -
 *
 *	Arrange for dead function removal.
 * ----------
 */
static void
pgstat_recv_funcpurge(PgStat_MsgFuncpurge *msg, int len)
{
	PgStat_StatDBEntry *dbentry;
	int			i;

	dbentry = pgstat_get_db_entry(msg->m_databaseid, false);

	/*
	 * No need to purge if we don't even know the database.
	 */
	if (!dbentry || !dbentry->functions)
		return;

	/*
	 * Process all function entries in the message.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < msg->m_nentries; i++)
	{
		/* Remove from hashtable if present; we don't care if it's not. */
		(void) hash_search(dbentry->functions,
						   (void *) &(msg->m_functionid[i]),
						   HASH_REMOVE, NULL);
	}
}