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# GPG签名提交[](#GPG签名提交 "Permalink")
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版本历史
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* 在 GitLab 9.5 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/merge_requests/9546) .
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* 在 GitLab 10.1 中添加了子项支持.
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您可以使用 GPG 密钥对在 GitLab 存储库中进行的 Git 提交进行签名. 如果可以验证提交者的身份,则已签名的提交将标记为" **已**验证". 为了验证提交者的身份,GitLab 需要他们的公共 GPG 密钥.
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**注意:**术语 GPG 用于所有与 OpenPGP / PGP / GPG 相关的材料和实现.
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目前尚不支持通过 GPG 验证的标签.
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有关 GPG 的更多详细信息,请参见[进一步阅读](#further-reading)部分.
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## How GitLab handles GPG[](#how-gitlab-handles-gpg "Permalink")
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GitLab 使用其自己的密钥环来验证 GPG 签名. 它不访问任何公钥服务器.
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对于要由 GitLab 验证的提交:
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* 提交者必须具有 GPG 公钥/私钥对.
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* 提交者的公钥必须已上传到其 GitLab 帐户.
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* GPG 密钥中的一封电子邮件必须与提交者在 GitLab 中使用的**经过验证的**电子邮件地址匹配.
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* 提交者的电子邮件地址必须与 GPG 密钥中验证的电子邮件地址匹配.
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## Generating a GPG key[](#generating-a-gpg-key "Permalink")
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如果您还没有 GPG 密钥,则以下步骤将帮助您入门:
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1. 为您的操作系统[安装 GPG](https://www.gnupg.org/download/index.html) . 如果您的操作系统具有`gpg2`安装,更换`gpg`与`gpg2`在下面的命令.
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2. 使用以下命令生成私钥/公钥对,这将产生一系列问题:
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```
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gpg --full-gen-key
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```
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**注意:**在某些情况下,例如 Windows 和其他 macOS 版本上的 Gpg4win,此处的命令可能是`gpg --gen-key` .
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3. 第一个问题是可以使用哪种算法. 选择所需的类型或按`Enter 键`选择默认类型(RSA 和 RSA):
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```
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Please select what kind of key you want:
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(1) RSA and RSA (default)
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(2) DSA and Elgamal
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(3) DSA (sign only)
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(4) RSA (sign only)
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Your selection? 1
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```
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4. 下一个问题是密钥长度. 我们建议您选择`4096` :
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```
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RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
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What keysize do you want? (2048) 4096
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Requested keysize is 4096 bits
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```
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5. 指定密钥的有效期. 这是主观的,您可以使用默认值,该值永远不会过期:
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```
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Please specify how long the key should be valid.
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0 = key does not expire
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<n> = key expires in n days
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<n>w = key expires in n weeks
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<n>m = key expires in n months
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<n>y = key expires in n years
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Key is valid for? (0) 0
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Key does not expire at all
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```
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6. 通过输入`y`确认您给出的答案是正确的:
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```
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Is this correct? (y/N) y
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```
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7. 输入您的真实姓名,与此键关联的电子邮件地址(应与您在 GitLab 中使用的经过验证的电子邮件地址匹配)和可选注释(按`Enter`跳过):
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```
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GnuPG needs to construct a user ID to identify your key.
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Real name: Mr. Robot
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Email address: <your_email>
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Comment:
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You selected this USER-ID:
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"Mr. Robot <your_email>"
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Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? O
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```
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8. 在询问时选择一个强密码,然后输入两次以确认.
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9. 使用以下命令列出您刚刚创建的私密 GPG 密钥:
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```
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gpg --list-secret-keys --keyid-format LONG <your_email>
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```
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将`<your_email>`替换为您在上面输入的电子邮件地址.
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10. 复制以`sec`开头的 GPG 密钥 ID. 在以下示例中,即`30F2B65B9246B6CA` :
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```
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sec rsa4096/30F2B65B9246B6CA 2017-08-18 [SC]
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D5E4F29F3275DC0CDA8FFC8730F2B65B9246B6CA
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uid [ultimate] Mr. Robot <your_email>
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ssb rsa4096/B7ABC0813E4028C0 2017-08-18 [E]
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```
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11. 导出该 ID 的公共密钥(替换上一步中的密钥 ID):
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```
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gpg --armor --export 30F2B65B9246B6CA
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```
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12. 最后,复制公钥并将其[添加到您的个人资料设置中](#adding-a-gpg-key-to-your-account)
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## Adding a GPG key to your account[](#adding-a-gpg-key-to-your-account "Permalink")
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**注意:**添加密钥后,就无法对其进行编辑,只能将其删除. 如果粘贴无效,则必须删除有问题的密钥并重新添加.
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您可以在个人资料的设置中添加 GPG 密钥:
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1. 点击右上角的头像,然后转到**"设置"** .
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[![Settings dropdown](img/5e2e81b44d67af322056491cf32bb8da.png)](../../../profile/img/profile_settings_dropdown.png)
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2. 导航至**GPG 密钥**标签,然后将您的*公共*密钥粘贴到"密钥"框中.
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[![Paste GPG public key](img/d04d999de9102632af46c867821c47c3.png)](img/profile_settings_gpg_keys_paste_pub.png)
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3. 最后,单击**添加键**将其添加到 GitLab. 您将能够看到其指纹,相应的电子邮件地址和创建日期.
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[![GPG key single page](img/8a56e678752a9bd9def98422dee92f3e.png)](img/profile_settings_gpg_keys_single_key.png)
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## Associating your GPG key with Git[](#associating-your-gpg-key-with-git "Permalink")
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[创建 GPG 密钥](#generating-a-gpg-key)并将其[添加到您的帐户之后](#adding-a-gpg-key-to-your-account) ,是时候告诉 Git 使用哪个密钥了.
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1. 使用以下命令列出您刚刚创建的私密 GPG 密钥:
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```
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gpg --list-secret-keys --keyid-format LONG <your_email>
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```
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将`<your_email>`替换为您在上面输入的电子邮件地址.
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2. 复制以`sec`开头的 GPG 密钥 ID. 在以下示例中,即`30F2B65B9246B6CA` :
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```
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sec rsa4096/30F2B65B9246B6CA 2017-08-18 [SC]
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D5E4F29F3275DC0CDA8FFC8730F2B65B9246B6CA
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uid [ultimate] Mr. Robot <your_email>
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ssb rsa4096/B7ABC0813E4028C0 2017-08-18 [E]
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```
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3. 告诉 Git 使用该密钥对提交进行签名:
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```
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git config --global user.signingkey 30F2B65B9246B6CA
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```
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用您的 GPG 密钥 ID 替换`30F2B65B9246B6CA` .
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4. (可选)如果 Git 使用`gpg`并且出现诸如`secret key not available`或`gpg: signing failed: secret key not available` ,请运行以下命令更改为`gpg2` :
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```
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git config --global gpg.program gpg2
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```
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## Signing commits[](#signing-commits "Permalink")
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[创建 GPG 密钥](#generating-a-gpg-key)并将其[添加到您的帐户之后](#adding-a-gpg-key-to-your-account) ,您可以开始对提交进行签名:
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1. 像以前一样提交,唯一的区别是添加了`-S`标志:
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```
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git commit -S -m "My commit msg"
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```
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2. 询问时输入 GPG 密钥的密码.
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3. 推送至 GitLab 并检查您的提交[是否已通过验证](#verifying-commits) .
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如果您不想在每次提交时都键入`-S`标志,则可以告诉 Git 自动签名您的提交:
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```
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git config --global commit.gpgsign true
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```
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## Verifying commits[](#verifying-commits "Permalink")
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1. 在项目或[合并请求中](../../merge_requests/index.html) ,导航到" **提交"**选项卡. 签名的提交将显示包含" Verified"或" Unverified"的徽章,具体取决于 GPG 签名的验证状态.
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[![Signed and unsigned commits](img/7d08a10bdee492162fdb554fb3033f0d.png)](img/project_signed_and_unsigned_commits.png)
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2. 通过单击 GPG 徽章,将显示签名的详细信息.
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[![Signed commit with verified signature](img/544adf1331ba8dc0c6391bf07ba6df8c.png)](img/project_signed_commit_verified_signature.png)
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[![Signed commit with verified signature](img/cc6935399d2235840119ad00eb778fc9.png)](img/project_signed_commit_unverified_signature.png)
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## Revoking a GPG key[](#revoking-a-gpg-key "Permalink")
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撤消密钥将**取消验证**已签名的提交. 使用此密钥验证的提交将变为未验证状态. 撤销此密钥后,将来的提交也将保持不变. 如果您的密钥已被盗用,则应使用此操作.
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撤销 GPG 密钥:
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1. 点击右上角的头像,然后转到**"设置"** .
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2. 导航到**GPG 键**标签.
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3. 单击您要删除的 GPG 键**旁边的撤消** .
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## Removing a GPG key[](#removing-a-gpg-key "Permalink")
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删除密钥**不会**取消**验证**已签名的提交. 使用此密钥验证的提交将保持验证状态. 删除此密钥后,只有未按下的提交才会保持未验证状态. 要取消验证已签名的提交,您需要从您的帐户中[撤销关联的 GPG 密钥](#revoking-a-gpg-key) .
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要从您的帐户中删除 GPG 密钥,请执行以下操作:
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1. 点击右上角的头像,然后转到**"设置"** .
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2. 导航到**GPG 键**标签.
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3. 单击您要删除的 GPG 密钥旁边的垃圾桶图标.
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## Rejecting commits that are not signed[](#rejecting-commits-that-are-not-signed-premium "Permalink")
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您可以将您的项目配置为拒绝不是通过[推送规则进行](../../../../push_rules/push_rules.html) GPG 签名的提交.
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## GPG signing API[](#gpg-signing-api "Permalink")
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了解如何[通过 API 通过提交获取 GPG 签名](../../../../api/commits.html#get-gpg-signature-of-a-commit) .
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## Further reading[](#further-reading "Permalink")
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有关 GPG 的更多详细信息,请参见:
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* [Git Tools - Signing Your Work](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Signing-Your-Work)
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* [Managing OpenPGP Keys](https://riseup.net/en/security/message-security/openpgp/gpg-keys)
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* [OpenPGP Best Practices](https://riseup.net/en/security/message-security/openpgp/best-practices)
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* [Creating a new GPG key with subkeys](https://www.void.gr/kargig/blog/2013/12/02/creating-a-new-gpg-key-with-subkeys/) (advanced) |
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\ No newline at end of file |