Support large EventSource filter args (dotnet/coreclr#27500)

1. Fix NullReferenceException. When the filter args exceeded the
hard-coded size limit GetDataFromController would return data = null.
The code previously asserted that data was not null and triggered NRE
when it was. The fix correctly null checks the value instead of
asserting and uses an empty args dictionary in this case, the same as if
filter args had been empty to begin with.

2. ETW has always limited filter args to 1024 bytes but EventPipe has no
such restriction. When using DiagnosticSourceEventSource it can be
useful to specify a larger filter arg blob. I can't do anything about
ETW's restriction but there is no need for the runtime to force
EventPipe to be equally limited. The larger size also reduces the chance
that we need to hit the fallback path above causing filter args to be
ignored.

Commit migrated from https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/commit/857797d9ba9be6f82b83ae6c29b51d490d41cf87

src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Diagnostics/Tracing/EventProvider.cs

@@ -294,19 +294,22 @@ public virtual void Close()
                             GetDataFromController(etwSessionId, filterData, out command, out data, out keyIndex))
                         {
                             args = new Dictionary<string, string?>(4);
-                            Debug.Assert(data != null);
-                            while (keyIndex < data.Length)
+                            // data can be null if the filterArgs had a very large size which failed our sanity check
+                            if (data != null)
                             {
-                                int keyEnd = FindNull(data, keyIndex);
-                                int valueIdx = keyEnd + 1;
-                                int valueEnd = FindNull(data, valueIdx);
-                                if (valueEnd < data.Length)
+                                while (keyIndex < data.Length)
                                 {
-                                    string key = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data, keyIndex, keyEnd - keyIndex);
-                                    string value = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data, valueIdx, valueEnd - valueIdx);
-                                    args[key] = value;
+                                    int keyEnd = FindNull(data, keyIndex);
+                                    int valueIdx = keyEnd + 1;
+                                    int valueEnd = FindNull(data, valueIdx);
+                                    if (valueEnd < data.Length)
+                                    {
+                                        string key = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data, keyIndex, keyEnd - keyIndex);
+                                        string value = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data, valueIdx, valueEnd - valueIdx);
+                                        args[key] = value;
+                                    }
+                                    keyIndex = valueEnd + 1;
                                 }
-                                keyIndex = valueEnd + 1;
                             }
                         }
 
@@ -619,7 +622,10 @@ private static int IndexOfSessionInList(List<SessionInfo>? sessions, int etwSess
             }
             else
             {
-                if (filterData->Ptr != 0 && 0 < filterData->Size && filterData->Size <= 1024)
+                // ETW limited filter data to 1024 bytes but EventPipe doesn't. DiagnosticSourceEventSource
+                // can legitimately use large filter data buffers to encode a large set of events and properties
+                // that should be gathered so I am bumping the limit from 1K -> 100K.
+                if (filterData->Ptr != 0 && 0 < filterData->Size && filterData->Size <= 100*1024)
                 {
                     data = new byte[filterData->Size];
                     Marshal.Copy((IntPtr)filterData->Ptr, data, 0, data.Length);