servlet-appendix-database-schema.md

# Security Database Schema

DDL statements are given for the HSQLDB database.
You can use these as a guideline for defining the schema for the database you are using.

## User Schema

The standard JDBC implementation of the `UserDetailsService` (`JdbcDaoImpl`) requires tables to load the password, account status (enabled or disabled) and a list of authorities (roles) for the user.
You will need to adjust this schema to match the database dialect you are using.

```
create table users(
	username varchar_ignorecase(50) not null primary key,
	password varchar_ignorecase(50) not null,
	enabled boolean not null
);

create table authorities (
	username varchar_ignorecase(50) not null,
	authority varchar_ignorecase(50) not null,
	constraint fk_authorities_users foreign key(username) references users(username)
);
create unique index ix_auth_username on authorities (username,authority);
```

### For Oracle database

```
CREATE TABLE USERS (
    USERNAME NVARCHAR2(128) PRIMARY KEY,
    PASSWORD NVARCHAR2(128) NOT NULL,
    ENABLED CHAR(1) CHECK (ENABLED IN ('Y','N') ) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE AUTHORITIES (
    USERNAME NVARCHAR2(128) NOT NULL,
    AUTHORITY NVARCHAR2(128) NOT NULL
);
ALTER TABLE AUTHORITIES ADD CONSTRAINT AUTHORITIES_UNIQUE UNIQUE (USERNAME, AUTHORITY);
ALTER TABLE AUTHORITIES ADD CONSTRAINT AUTHORITIES_FK1 FOREIGN KEY (USERNAME) REFERENCES USERS (USERNAME) ENABLE;
```

### Group Authorities

Spring Security 2.0 introduced support for group authorities in `JdbcDaoImpl`.
The table structure if groups are enabled is as follows.
You will need to adjust this schema to match the database dialect you are using.

```
create table groups (
	id bigint generated by default as identity(start with 0) primary key,
	group_name varchar_ignorecase(50) not null
);

create table group_authorities (
	group_id bigint not null,
	authority varchar(50) not null,
	constraint fk_group_authorities_group foreign key(group_id) references groups(id)
);

create table group_members (
	id bigint generated by default as identity(start with 0) primary key,
	username varchar(50) not null,
	group_id bigint not null,
	constraint fk_group_members_group foreign key(group_id) references groups(id)
);
```

Remember that these tables are only required if you are using the provided JDBC `UserDetailsService` implementation.
If you write your own or choose to implement `AuthenticationProvider` without a `UserDetailsService`, then you have complete freedom over how you store the data, as long as the interface contract is satisfied.

##  Schema

This table is used to store data used by the more secure [persistent token](../authentication/rememberme.html#remember-me-persistent-token) remember-me implementation.
If you are using `JdbcTokenRepositoryImpl` either directly or through the namespace, then you will need this table.
Remember to adjust this schema to match the database dialect you are using.

```
create table persistent_logins (
	username varchar(64) not null,
	series varchar(64) primary key,
	token varchar(64) not null,
	last_used timestamp not null
);
```

## ACL Schema

There are four tables used by the Spring Security [ACL](../authorization/acls.html#domain-acls) implementation.

1. `acl_sid` stores the security identities recognised by the ACL system.
   These can be unique principals or authorities which may apply to multiple principals.

2. `acl_class` defines the domain object types to which ACLs apply.
   The `class` column stores the Java class name of the object.

3. `acl_object_identity` stores the object identity definitions of specific domain objects.

4. `acl_entry` stores the ACL permissions which apply to a specific object identity and security identity.

It is assumed that the database will auto-generate the primary keys for each of the identities.
The `JdbcMutableAclService` has to be able to retrieve these when it has created a new row in the `acl_sid` or `acl_class` tables.
It has two properties which define the SQL needed to retrieve these values `classIdentityQuery` and `sidIdentityQuery`.
Both of these default to `call identity()`

The ACL artifact JAR contains files for creating the ACL schema in HyperSQL (HSQLDB), PostgreSQL, MySQL/MariaDB, Microsoft SQL Server, and Oracle Database.
These schemas are also demonstrated in the following sections.

### HyperSQL

The default schema works with the embedded HSQLDB database that is used in unit tests within the framework.

```
create table acl_sid(
	id bigint generated by default as identity(start with 100) not null primary key,
	principal boolean not null,
	sid varchar_ignorecase(100) not null,
	constraint unique_uk_1 unique(sid,principal)
);

create table acl_class(
	id bigint generated by default as identity(start with 100) not null primary key,
	class varchar_ignorecase(100) not null,
	constraint unique_uk_2 unique(class)
);

create table acl_object_identity(
	id bigint generated by default as identity(start with 100) not null primary key,
	object_id_class bigint not null,
	object_id_identity varchar_ignorecase(36) not null,
	parent_object bigint,
	owner_sid bigint,
	entries_inheriting boolean not null,
	constraint unique_uk_3 unique(object_id_class,object_id_identity),
	constraint foreign_fk_1 foreign key(parent_object)references acl_object_identity(id),
	constraint foreign_fk_2 foreign key(object_id_class)references acl_class(id),
	constraint foreign_fk_3 foreign key(owner_sid)references acl_sid(id)
);

create table acl_entry(
	id bigint generated by default as identity(start with 100) not null primary key,
	acl_object_identity bigint not null,
	ace_order int not null,
	sid bigint not null,
	mask integer not null,
	granting boolean not null,
	audit_success boolean not null,
	audit_failure boolean not null,
	constraint unique_uk_4 unique(acl_object_identity,ace_order),
	constraint foreign_fk_4 foreign key(acl_object_identity) references acl_object_identity(id),
	constraint foreign_fk_5 foreign key(sid) references acl_sid(id)
);
```

### PostgreSQL

```
create table acl_sid(
	id bigserial not null primary key,
	principal boolean not null,
	sid varchar(100) not null,
	constraint unique_uk_1 unique(sid,principal)
);

create table acl_class(
	id bigserial not null primary key,
	class varchar(100) not null,
	constraint unique_uk_2 unique(class)
);

create table acl_object_identity(
	id bigserial primary key,
	object_id_class bigint not null,
	object_id_identity varchar(36) not null,
	parent_object bigint,
	owner_sid bigint,
	entries_inheriting boolean not null,
	constraint unique_uk_3 unique(object_id_class,object_id_identity),
	constraint foreign_fk_1 foreign key(parent_object)references acl_object_identity(id),
	constraint foreign_fk_2 foreign key(object_id_class)references acl_class(id),
	constraint foreign_fk_3 foreign key(owner_sid)references acl_sid(id)
);

create table acl_entry(
	id bigserial primary key,
	acl_object_identity bigint not null,
	ace_order int not null,
	sid bigint not null,
	mask integer not null,
	granting boolean not null,
	audit_success boolean not null,
	audit_failure boolean not null,
	constraint unique_uk_4 unique(acl_object_identity,ace_order),
	constraint foreign_fk_4 foreign key(acl_object_identity) references acl_object_identity(id),
	constraint foreign_fk_5 foreign key(sid) references acl_sid(id)
);
```

You will have to set the `classIdentityQuery` and `sidIdentityQuery` properties of `JdbcMutableAclService` to the following values, respectively:

* `select currval(pg_get_serial_sequence('acl_class', 'id'))`

* `select currval(pg_get_serial_sequence('acl_sid', 'id'))`

### MySQL and MariaDB

```
CREATE TABLE acl_sid (
	id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
	principal BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
	sid VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
	UNIQUE KEY unique_acl_sid (sid, principal)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE acl_class (
	id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
	class VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
	UNIQUE KEY uk_acl_class (class)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE acl_object_identity (
	id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
	object_id_class BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
	object_id_identity VARCHAR(36) NOT NULL,
	parent_object BIGINT UNSIGNED,
	owner_sid BIGINT UNSIGNED,
	entries_inheriting BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
	UNIQUE KEY uk_acl_object_identity (object_id_class, object_id_identity),
	CONSTRAINT fk_acl_object_identity_parent FOREIGN KEY (parent_object) REFERENCES acl_object_identity (id),
	CONSTRAINT fk_acl_object_identity_class FOREIGN KEY (object_id_class) REFERENCES acl_class (id),
	CONSTRAINT fk_acl_object_identity_owner FOREIGN KEY (owner_sid) REFERENCES acl_sid (id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE acl_entry (
	id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
	acl_object_identity BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
	ace_order INTEGER NOT NULL,
	sid BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
	mask INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
	granting BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
	audit_success BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
	audit_failure BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
	UNIQUE KEY unique_acl_entry (acl_object_identity, ace_order),
	CONSTRAINT fk_acl_entry_object FOREIGN KEY (acl_object_identity) REFERENCES acl_object_identity (id),
	CONSTRAINT fk_acl_entry_acl FOREIGN KEY (sid) REFERENCES acl_sid (id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
```

### Microsoft SQL Server

```
CREATE TABLE acl_sid (
	id BIGINT NOT NULL IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
	principal BIT NOT NULL,
	sid VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
	CONSTRAINT unique_acl_sid UNIQUE (sid, principal)
);

CREATE TABLE acl_class (
	id BIGINT NOT NULL IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
	class VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
	CONSTRAINT uk_acl_class UNIQUE (class)
);

CREATE TABLE acl_object_identity (
	id BIGINT NOT NULL IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
	object_id_class BIGINT NOT NULL,
	object_id_identity VARCHAR(36) NOT NULL,
	parent_object BIGINT,
	owner_sid BIGINT,
	entries_inheriting BIT NOT NULL,
	CONSTRAINT uk_acl_object_identity UNIQUE (object_id_class, object_id_identity),
	CONSTRAINT fk_acl_object_identity_parent FOREIGN KEY (parent_object) REFERENCES acl_object_identity (id),
	CONSTRAINT fk_acl_object_identity_class FOREIGN KEY (object_id_class) REFERENCES acl_class (id),
	CONSTRAINT fk_acl_object_identity_owner FOREIGN KEY (owner_sid) REFERENCES acl_sid (id)
);

CREATE TABLE acl_entry (
	id BIGINT NOT NULL IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
	acl_object_identity BIGINT NOT NULL,
	ace_order INTEGER NOT NULL,
	sid BIGINT NOT NULL,
	mask INTEGER NOT NULL,
	granting BIT NOT NULL,
	audit_success BIT NOT NULL,
	audit_failure BIT NOT NULL,
	CONSTRAINT unique_acl_entry UNIQUE (acl_object_identity, ace_order),
	CONSTRAINT fk_acl_entry_object FOREIGN KEY (acl_object_identity) REFERENCES acl_object_identity (id),
	CONSTRAINT fk_acl_entry_acl FOREIGN KEY (sid) REFERENCES acl_sid (id)
);
```

### Oracle Database

```
CREATE TABLE ACL_SID (
    ID NUMBER(18) PRIMARY KEY,
    PRINCIPAL NUMBER(1) NOT NULL CHECK (PRINCIPAL IN (0, 1 )),
    SID NVARCHAR2(128) NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT ACL_SID_UNIQUE UNIQUE (SID, PRINCIPAL)
);
CREATE SEQUENCE ACL_SID_SQ START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 NOMAXVALUE;
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ACL_SID_SQ_TR BEFORE INSERT ON ACL_SID FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
    SELECT ACL_SID_SQ.NEXTVAL INTO :NEW.ID FROM DUAL;
END;

CREATE TABLE ACL_CLASS (
    ID NUMBER(18) PRIMARY KEY,
    CLASS NVARCHAR2(128) NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT ACL_CLASS_UNIQUE UNIQUE (CLASS)
);
CREATE SEQUENCE ACL_CLASS_SQ START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 NOMAXVALUE;
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ACL_CLASS_ID_TR BEFORE INSERT ON ACL_CLASS FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
    SELECT ACL_CLASS_SQ.NEXTVAL INTO :NEW.ID FROM DUAL;
END;

CREATE TABLE ACL_OBJECT_IDENTITY(
    ID NUMBER(18) PRIMARY KEY,
    OBJECT_ID_CLASS NUMBER(18) NOT NULL,
    OBJECT_ID_IDENTITY NVARCHAR2(64) NOT NULL,
    PARENT_OBJECT NUMBER(18),
    OWNER_SID NUMBER(18),
    ENTRIES_INHERITING NUMBER(1) NOT NULL CHECK (ENTRIES_INHERITING IN (0, 1)),
    CONSTRAINT ACL_OBJECT_IDENTITY_UNIQUE UNIQUE (OBJECT_ID_CLASS, OBJECT_ID_IDENTITY),
    CONSTRAINT ACL_OBJECT_IDENTITY_PARENT_FK FOREIGN KEY (PARENT_OBJECT) REFERENCES ACL_OBJECT_IDENTITY(ID),
    CONSTRAINT ACL_OBJECT_IDENTITY_CLASS_FK FOREIGN KEY (OBJECT_ID_CLASS) REFERENCES ACL_CLASS(ID),
    CONSTRAINT ACL_OBJECT_IDENTITY_OWNER_FK FOREIGN KEY (OWNER_SID) REFERENCES ACL_SID(ID)
);
CREATE SEQUENCE ACL_OBJECT_IDENTITY_SQ START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 NOMAXVALUE;
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ACL_OBJECT_IDENTITY_ID_TR BEFORE INSERT ON ACL_OBJECT_IDENTITY FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
    SELECT ACL_OBJECT_IDENTITY_SQ.NEXTVAL INTO :NEW.ID FROM DUAL;
END;

CREATE TABLE ACL_ENTRY (
    ID NUMBER(18) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    ACL_OBJECT_IDENTITY NUMBER(18) NOT NULL,
    ACE_ORDER INTEGER NOT NULL,
    SID NUMBER(18) NOT NULL,
    MASK INTEGER NOT NULL,
    GRANTING NUMBER(1) NOT NULL CHECK (GRANTING IN (0, 1)),
    AUDIT_SUCCESS NUMBER(1) NOT NULL CHECK (AUDIT_SUCCESS IN (0, 1)),
    AUDIT_FAILURE NUMBER(1) NOT NULL CHECK (AUDIT_FAILURE IN (0, 1)),
    CONSTRAINT ACL_ENTRY_UNIQUE UNIQUE (ACL_OBJECT_IDENTITY, ACE_ORDER),
    CONSTRAINT ACL_ENTRY_OBJECT_FK FOREIGN KEY (ACL_OBJECT_IDENTITY) REFERENCES ACL_OBJECT_IDENTITY (ID),
    CONSTRAINT ACL_ENTRY_ACL_FK FOREIGN KEY (SID) REFERENCES ACL_SID(ID)
);
CREATE SEQUENCE ACL_ENTRY_SQ START WITH 1 INCREMENT BY 1 NOMAXVALUE;
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ACL_ENTRY_ID_TRIGGER BEFORE INSERT ON ACL_ENTRY FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
    SELECT ACL_ENTRY_SQ.NEXTVAL INTO :NEW.ID FROM DUAL;
END;
```

## OAuth 2.0 Client Schema

The JDBC implementation of [ OAuth2AuthorizedClientService](../oauth2/client/core.html#oauth2Client-authorized-repo-service) (`JdbcOAuth2AuthorizedClientService`) requires a table for persisting `OAuth2AuthorizedClient`(s).
You will need to adjust this schema to match the database dialect you are using.

```
CREATE TABLE oauth2_authorized_client (
  client_registration_id varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  principal_name varchar(200) NOT NULL,
  access_token_type varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  access_token_value blob NOT NULL,
  access_token_issued_at timestamp NOT NULL,
  access_token_expires_at timestamp NOT NULL,
  access_token_scopes varchar(1000) DEFAULT NULL,
  refresh_token_value blob DEFAULT NULL,
  refresh_token_issued_at timestamp DEFAULT NULL,
  created_at timestamp DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (client_registration_id, principal_name)
);
```

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