This adds interval metadata to indexed chunks. The queried interval
is used to filter chunks when queried from the index to save
unnecessary accesses of the chunks file.

This is especially relevant for series that come and go often and larger
files.

This adds a proper duration based lookback buffer for series iterators
to allow advancing sequentially while remaining able to calculate time
aggregating functions such as `rate` backwards.

It uses an array ring buffer to minimize heap allocations for
potentially hundreds of thousands of series for a single query.