A side-effect of making ksm pages swappable is that they have to be placed
on the LRUs: which then exposes them to isolate_lru_page() and hence to
page migration.

Add rmap_walk() for remove_migration_ptes() to use: rmap_walk_anon() and
rmap_walk_file() in rmap.c, but rmap_walk_ksm() in ksm.c.  Perhaps some
consolidation with existing code is possible, but don't attempt that yet
(try_to_unmap needs to handle nonlinears, but migration pte removal does
not).

rmap_walk() is sadly less general than it appears: rmap_walk_anon(), like
remove_anon_migration_ptes() which it replaces, avoids calling
page_lock_anon_vma(), because that includes a page_mapped() test which
fails when all migration ptes are in place.  That was valid when NUMA page
migration was introduced (holding mmap_sem provided the missing guarantee
that anon_vma's slab had not already been destroyed), but I believe not
valid in the memory hotremove case added since.

For now do the same as before, and consider the best way to fix that
unlikely race later on.  When fixed, we can probably use rmap_walk() on
hwpoisoned ksm pages too: for now, they remain among hwpoison's various
exceptions (its PageKsm test comes before the page is locked, but its
page_lock_anon_vma fails safely if an anon gets upgraded).
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

For full functionality, page_referenced_one() and try_to_unmap_one() need
to know the vma: to pass vma down to arch-dependent flushes, or to observe
VM_LOCKED or VM_EXEC.  But KSM keeps no record of vma: nor can it, since
vmas get split and merged without its knowledge.

Instead, note page's anon_vma in its rmap_item when adding to stable tree:
all the vmas which might map that page are listed by its anon_vma.

page_referenced_ksm() and try_to_unmap_ksm() then traverse the anon_vma,
first to find the probable vma, that which matches rmap_item's mm; but if
that is not enough to locate all instances, traverse again to try the
others.  This catches those occasions when fork has duplicated a pte of a
ksm page, but ksmd has not yet come around to assign it an rmap_item.

But each rmap_item in the stable tree which refers to an anon_vma needs to
take a reference to it.  Andrea's anon_vma design cleverly avoided a
reference count (an anon_vma was free when its list of vmas was empty),
but KSM now needs to add that.  Is a 32-bit count sufficient?  I believe
so - the anon_vma is only free when both count is 0 and list is empty.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Initial implementation for swapping out KSM's shared pages: add
page_referenced_ksm() and try_to_unmap_ksm(), which rmap.c calls when
faced with a PageKsm page.

Most of what's needed can be got from the rmap_items listed from the
stable_node of the ksm page, without discovering the actual vma: so in
this patch just fake up a struct vma for page_referenced_one() or
try_to_unmap_one(), then refine that in the next patch.

Add VM_NONLINEAR to ksm_madvise()'s list of exclusions: it has always been
implicit there (being only set with VM_SHARED, already excluded), but
let's make it explicit, to help justify the lack of nonlinear unmap.

Rely on the page lock to protect against concurrent modifications to that
page's node of the stable tree.

The awkward part is not swapout but swapin: do_swap_page() and
page_add_anon_rmap() now have to allow for new possibilities - perhaps a
ksm page still in swapcache, perhaps a swapcache page associated with one
location in one anon_vma now needed for another location or anon_vma.
(And the vma might even be no longer VM_MERGEABLE when that happens.)

ksm_might_need_to_copy() checks for that case, and supplies a duplicate
page when necessary, simply leaving it to a subsequent pass of ksmd to
rediscover the identity and merge them back into one ksm page.
Disappointingly primitive: but the alternative would have to accumulate
unswappable info about the swapped out ksm pages, limiting swappability.

Remove page_add_ksm_rmap(): page_add_anon_rmap() now has to allow for the
particular case it was handling, so just use it instead.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

At present we define PageAnon(page) by the low PAGE_MAPPING_ANON bit set
in page->mapping, with the higher bits a pointer to the anon_vma; and have
defined PageKsm(page) as that with NULL anon_vma.

But KSM swapping will need to store a pointer there: so in preparation for
that, now define PAGE_MAPPING_FLAGS as the low two bits, including
PAGE_MAPPING_KSM (always set along with PAGE_MAPPING_ANON, until some
other use for the bit emerges).

Declare page_rmapping(page) to return the pointer part of page->mapping,
and page_anon_vma(page) to return the anon_vma pointer when that's what it
is.  Use these in a few appropriate places: notably, unuse_vma() has been
testing page->mapping, but is better to be testing page_anon_vma() (cases
may be added in which flag bits are set without any pointer).
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

page_dup_rmap(), used on each mapped page when forking, was originally
just an inline atomic_inc of mapcount.  2.6.22 added CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
out-of-line checks to it, which would need to be ever-so-slightly
complicated to allow for the PageKsm() we're about to define.

But I think these checks never caught anything.  And if it's coding errors
we're worried about, such checks should be in page_remove_rmap() too, not
just when forking; whereas if it's pagetable corruption we're worried
about, then they shouldn't be limited to CONFIG_DEBUG_VM.

Oh, just revert page_dup_rmap() to an inline atomic_inc of mapcount.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIzik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add the high level memory handler that poisons pages
that got corrupted by hardware (typically by a two bit flip in a DIMM
or a cache) on the Linux level. The goal is to prevent everyone
from accessing these pages in the future.

This done at the VM level by marking a page hwpoisoned
and doing the appropriate action based on the type of page
it is.

The code that does this is portable and lives in mm/memory-failure.c

To quote the overview comment:

High level machine check handler. Handles pages reported by the
hardware as being corrupted usually due to a 2bit ECC memory or cache
failure.

This focuses on pages detected as corrupted in the background.
When the current CPU tries to consume corruption the currently
running process can just be killed directly instead. This implies
that if the error cannot be handled for some reason it's safe to
just ignore it because no corruption has been consumed yet. Instead
when that happens another machine check will happen.

Handles page cache pages in various states. The tricky part
here is that we can access any page asynchronous to other VM
users, because memory failures could happen anytime and anywhere,
possibly violating some of their assumptions. This is why this code
has to be extremely careful. Generally it tries to use normal locking
rules, as in get the standard locks, even if that means the
error handling takes potentially a long time.

Some of the operations here are somewhat inefficient and have non
linear algorithmic complexity, because the data structures have not
been optimized for this case. This is in particular the case
for the mapping from a vma to a process. Since this case is expected
to be rare we hope we can get away with this.

There are in principle two strategies to kill processes on poison:
- just unmap the data and wait for an actual reference before
killing
- kill as soon as corruption is detected.
Both have advantages and disadvantages and should be used
in different situations. Right now both are implemented and can
be switched with a new sysctl vm.memory_failure_early_kill
The default is early kill.

The patch does some rmap data structure walking on its own to collect
processes to kill. This is unusual because normally all rmap data structure
knowledge is in rmap.c only. I put it here for now to keep
everything together and rmap knowledge has been seeping out anyways

Includes contributions from Johannes Weiner, Chris Mason, Fengguang Wu,
Nick Piggin (who did a lot of great work) and others.

Cc: npiggin@suse.de
Cc: riel@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NHidehiro Kawai <hidehiro.kawai.ez@hitachi.com>

When a page has the poison bit set replace the PTE with a poison entry.
This causes the right error handling to be done later when a process runs
into it.

v2: add a new flag to not do that (needed for the memory-failure handler
later) (Fengguang)
v3: remove unnecessary is_migration_entry() test (Fengguang, Minchan)
Reviewed-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NWu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>

try_to_unmap currently has multiple modi (migration, munlock, normal unmap)
which are selected by magic flag variables. The logic is not very straight
forward, because each of these flag change multiple behaviours (e.g.
migration turns off aging, not only sets up migration ptes etc.)
Also the different flags interact in magic ways.

A later patch in this series adds another mode to try_to_unmap, so
this becomes quickly unmanageable.

Replace the different flags with a action code (migration, munlock, munmap)
and some additional flags as modifiers (ignore mlock, ignore aging).
This makes the logic more straight forward and allows easier extension
to new behaviours. Change all the caller to declare what they want to
do.

This patch is supposed to be a nop in behaviour. If anyone can prove
it is not that would be a bug.

Cc: Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com
Cc: npiggin@suse.de
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>

Needed for later patch that walks rmap entries on its own.

This used to be very frowned upon, but memory-failure.c does
some rather specialized rmap walking and rmap has been stable
for quite some time, so I think it's ok now to export it.
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>

After the recent changes that went into mm/vmscan.c to overhaul stuff, we
ended up with these warnings on no-mmu systems:

  mm/vmscan.c: In function `shrink_page_list':
  mm/vmscan.c:580: warning: unused variable `vm_flags'
  mm/vmscan.c: In function `shrink_active_list':
  mm/vmscan.c:1294: warning: `vm_flags' may be used uninitialized in this function
  mm/vmscan.c:1242: note: `vm_flags' was declared here

This is because the no-mmu function defines page_referenced() to work on
the first argument only (the page).  It does not clear the vm_flags given
to it because for no-mmu systems, they never actually get utilized.  Since
that is no longer strictly true, we need to set vm_flags to 0 like
everyone else so gcc can do proper dead code elimination without annoying
us with unused warnings.
Signed-off-by: NMike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NDavid McCullough <davidm@snapgear.com>
Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Collect vma->vm_flags of the VMAs that actually referenced the page.

This is preparing for more informed reclaim heuristics, eg.  to protect
executable file pages more aggressively.  For now only the VM_EXEC bit
will be used by the caller.

Thanks to Johannes, Peter and Minchan for all the good tips.
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NWu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently, nobody wants to turn UNEVICTABLE_LRU off.  Thus this
configurability is unnecessary.
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Acked-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Remove page_remove_rmap()'s vma arg, which was only for the Eeek message.
And remove the BUG_ON(page_mapcount(page) == 0) from CONFIG_DEBUG_VM's
page_dup_rmap(): we're trying to be more resilient about that than BUGs.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

page_lock_anon_vma() and page_unlock_anon_vma() were made available to
show_page_path() in vmscan.c; but now that has been removed, make them
static in rmap.c again, they're better kept private if possible.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Reviewed-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch makes the needlessly global anon_vma_cachep static.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch adds a function to scan individual or all zones' unevictable
lists and move any pages that have become evictable onto the respective
zone's inactive list, where shrink_inactive_list() will deal with them.

Adds sysctl to scan all nodes, and per node attributes to individual
nodes' zones.

Kosaki: If evictable page found in unevictable lru when write
/proc/sys/vm/scan_unevictable_pages, print filename and file offset of
these pages.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix one CONFIG_MMU=n build error]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: adapt vmscan-unevictable-lru-scan-sysctl.patch to new sysfs API]
Signed-off-by: NLee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Make sure that mlocked pages also live on the unevictable LRU, so kswapd
will not scan them over and over again.

This is achieved through various strategies:

1) add yet another page flag--PG_mlocked--to indicate that
   the page is locked for efficient testing in vmscan and,
   optionally, fault path.  This allows early culling of
   unevictable pages, preventing them from getting to
   page_referenced()/try_to_unmap().  Also allows separate
   accounting of mlock'd pages, as Nick's original patch
   did.

   Note:  Nick's original mlock patch used a PG_mlocked
   flag.  I had removed this in favor of the PG_unevictable
   flag + an mlock_count [new page struct member].  I
   restored the PG_mlocked flag to eliminate the new
   count field.

2) add the mlock/unevictable infrastructure to mm/mlock.c,
   with internal APIs in mm/internal.h.  This is a rework
   of Nick's original patch to these files, taking into
   account that mlocked pages are now kept on unevictable
   LRU list.

3) update vmscan.c:page_evictable() to check PageMlocked()
   and, if vma passed in, the vm_flags.  Note that the vma
   will only be passed in for new pages in the fault path;
   and then only if the "cull unevictable pages in fault
   path" patch is included.

4) add try_to_unlock() to rmap.c to walk a page's rmap and
   ClearPageMlocked() if no other vmas have it mlocked.
   Reuses as much of try_to_unmap() as possible.  This
   effectively replaces the use of one of the lru list links
   as an mlock count.  If this mechanism let's pages in mlocked
   vmas leak through w/o PG_mlocked set [I don't know that it
   does], we should catch them later in try_to_unmap().  One
   hopes this will be rare, as it will be relatively expensive.

Original mm/internal.h, mm/rmap.c and mm/mlock.c changes:
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>

splitlru: introduce __get_user_pages():

  New munlock processing need to GUP_FLAGS_IGNORE_VMA_PERMISSIONS.
  because current get_user_pages() can't grab PROT_NONE pages theresore it
  cause PROT_NONE pages can't munlock.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix this for pagemap-pass-mm-into-pagewalkers.patch]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: untangle patch interdependencies]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix things after out-of-order merging]
[hugh@veritas.com: fix page-flags mess]
[lee.schermerhorn@hp.com: fix munlock page table walk - now requires 'mm']
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: build fix]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix truncate race and sevaral comments]
[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: splitlru: introduce __get_user_pages()]
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NLee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

There is a race with dirty page accounting where a page may not properly
be accounted for.

clear_page_dirty_for_io() calls page_mkclean; then TestClearPageDirty.

page_mkclean walks the rmaps for that page, and for each one it cleans and
write protects the pte if it was dirty.  It uses page_check_address to
find the pte.  That function has a shortcut to avoid the ptl if the pte is
not present.  Unfortunately, the pte can be switched to not-present then
back to present by other code while holding the page table lock -- this
should not be a signal for page_mkclean to ignore that pte, because it may
be dirty.

For example, powerpc64's set_pte_at will clear a previously present pte
before setting it to the desired value.  There may also be other code in
core mm or in arch which do similar things.

The consequence of the bug is loss of data integrity due to msync, and
loss of dirty page accounting accuracy.  XIP's __xip_unmap could easily
also be unreliable (depending on the exact XIP locking scheme), which can
lead to data corruption.

Fix this by having an option to always take ptl to check the pte in
page_check_address.

It's possible to retain this optimization for page_referenced and
try_to_unmap.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Jared Hulbert <jaredeh@gmail.com>
Cc: Carsten Otte <cotte@freenet.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm_take_all_locks holds off reclaim from an entire mm_struct.  This allows
mmu notifiers to register into the mm at any time with the guarantee that
no mmu operation is in progress on the mm.

This operation locks against the VM for all pte/vma/mm related operations
that could ever happen on a certain mm.  This includes vmtruncate,
try_to_unmap, and all page faults.

The caller must take the mmap_sem in write mode before calling
mm_take_all_locks().  The caller isn't allowed to release the mmap_sem
until mm_drop_all_locks() returns.

mmap_sem in write mode is required in order to block all operations that
could modify pagetables and free pages without need of altering the vma
layout (for example populate_range() with nonlinear vmas).  It's also
needed in write mode to avoid new anon_vmas to be associated with existing
vmas.

A single task can't take more than one mm_take_all_locks() in a row or it
would deadlock.

mm_take_all_locks() and mm_drop_all_locks are expensive operations that
may have to take thousand of locks.

mm_take_all_locks() can fail if it's interrupted by signals.

When mmu_notifier_register returns, we must be sure that the driver is
notified if some task is in the middle of a vmtruncate for the 'mm' where
the mmu notifier was registered (mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start/end
is run around the vmtruncation but mmu_notifier_register can run after
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start and before
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end).  Same problem for rmap paths.  And
we've to remove page pinning to avoid replicating the tlb_gather logic
inside KVM (and GRU doesn't work well with page pinning regardless of
needing tlb_gather), so without mm_take_all_locks when vmtruncate frees
the page, kvm would have no way to notice that it mapped into sptes a page
that is going into the freelist without a chance of any further
mmu_notifier notification.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com>
Acked-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Kanoj Sarcar <kanojsarcar@yahoo.com>
Cc: Roland Dreier <rdreier@cisco.com>
Cc: Steve Wise <swise@opengridcomputing.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <marcelo@kvack.org>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Izik Eidus <izike@qumranet.com>
Cc: Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Make page_referenced() cgroup aware.  Without this patch, page_referenced()
can cause a page to be skipped while reclaiming pages.  This patch ensures
that other cgroups do not hold pages in a particular cgroup hostage.  It
is required to ensure that shared pages are freed from a cgroup when they
are not actively referenced from the cgroup that brought them in
Signed-off-by: NBalbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Re-introduce rmap verification patches that Hugh removed when he removed
PG_map_lock. PG_map_lock actually isn't needed to synchronise access to
anonymous pages, because PG_locked and PTL together already do.

These checks were important in discovering and fixing a rare rmap corruption
in SLES9.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add more debugging in the rmap code in an attempt to locate to source of
the occasional "mapcount went negative" assertions.

Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Replace all uses of kmem_cache_t with struct kmem_cache.

The patch was generated using the following script:

	#!/bin/sh
	#
	# Replace one string by another in all the kernel sources.
	#

	set -e

	for file in `find * -name "*.c" -o -name "*.h"|xargs grep -l $1`; do
		quilt add $file
		sed -e "1,\$s/$1/$2/g" $file >/tmp/$$
		mv /tmp/$$ $file
		quilt refresh
	done

The script was run like this

	sh replace kmem_cache_t "struct kmem_cache"
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

SLAB_KERNEL is an alias of GFP_KERNEL.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Tracking of dirty pages in shared writeable mmap()s.

The idea is simple: write protect clean shared writeable pages, catch the
write-fault, make writeable and set dirty.  On page write-back clean all the
PTE dirty bits and write protect them once again.

The implementation is a tad harder, mainly because the default
backing_dev_info capabilities were too loosely maintained.  Hence it is not
enough to test the backing_dev_info for cap_account_dirty.

The current heuristic is as follows, a VMA is eligible when:
 - its shared writeable
    (vm_flags & (VM_WRITE|VM_SHARED)) == (VM_WRITE|VM_SHARED)
 - it is not a 'special' mapping
    (vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_INSERTPAGE)) == 0
 - the backing_dev_info is cap_account_dirty
    mapping_cap_account_dirty(vma->vm_file->f_mapping)
 - f_op->mmap() didn't change the default page protection

Page from remap_pfn_range() are explicitly excluded because their COW
semantics are already horrid enough (see vm_normal_page() in do_wp_page()) and
because they don't have a backing store anyway.

mprotect() is taught about the new behaviour as well.  However it overrides
the last condition.

Cleaning the pages on write-back is done with page_mkclean() a new rmap call.
It can be called on any page, but is currently only implemented for mapped
pages, if the page is found the be of a VMA that accounts dirty pages it will
also wrprotect the PTE.

Finally, in fs/buffers.c:try_to_free_buffers(); remove clear_page_dirty() from
under ->private_lock.  This seems to be safe, since ->private_lock is used to
serialize access to the buffers, not the page itself.  This is needed because
clear_page_dirty() will call into page_mkclean() and would thereby violate
locking order.

[dhowells@redhat.com: Provide a page_mkclean() implementation for NOMMU]
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Rip the page migration logic out.

Remove all code that has to do with swapping during page migration.

This also guts the ability to migrate pages to swap.  No one used that so lets
let it go for good.

Page migration should be a bit broken after this patch.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Signed-off-by: NDavid Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>

Add remove_from_swap

remove_from_swap() allows the restoration of the pte entries that existed
before page migration occurred for anonymous pages by walking the reverse
maps.  This reduces swap use and establishes regular pte's without the need
for page faults.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Add direct migration support with fall back to swap.

Direct migration support on top of the swap based page migration facility.

This allows the direct migration of anonymous pages and the migration of file
backed pages by dropping the associated buffers (requires writeout).

Fall back to swap out if necessary.

The patch is based on lots of patches from the hotplug project but the code
was restructured, documented and simplified as much as possible.

Note that an additional patch that defines the migrate_page() method for
filesystems is necessary in order to avoid writeback for anonymous and file
backed pages.
Signed-off-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NMike Kravetz <kravetz@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Optimise rmap functions by minimising atomic operations when we know there
will be no concurrent modifications.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Some users (hi Zwane) have seen a problem when running a workload that
eats nearly all of physical memory - th system does an OOM kill, even
when there is still a lot of swap free.

The problem appears to be a very big task that is holding the swap
token, and the VM has a very hard time finding any other page in the
system that is swappable.

Instead of ignoring the swap token when sc->priority reaches 0, we could
simply take the swap token away from the memory hog and make sure we
don't give it back to the memory hog for a few seconds.

This patch resolves the problem Zwane ran into.
Signed-off-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

rmap's page_check_address descend without page_table_lock.  First just
pte_offset_map in case there's no pte present worth locking for, then take
page_table_lock for the full check, and pass ptl back to caller in the same
style as pte_offset_map_lock.  __xip_unmap, page_referenced_one and
try_to_unmap_one use pte_unmap_unlock.  try_to_unmap_cluster also.

page_check_address reformatted to avoid progressive indentation.  No use is
made of its one error code, return NULL when it fails.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

- generic_file* file operations do no longer have a xip/non-xip split
- filemap_xip.c implements a new set of fops that require get_xip_page
  aop to work proper. all new fops are exported GPL-only (don't like to
  see whatever code use those except GPL modules)
- __xip_unmap now uses page_check_address, which is no longer static
  in rmap.c, and defined in linux/rmap.h
- mm/filemap.h is now much more clean, plainly having just Linus'
  inline funcs moved here from filemap.c
- fix includes in filemap_xip to make it build cleanly on i386
Signed-off-by: NCarsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.

Let it rip!