1. 26 9月, 2006 19 次提交
  2. 23 9月, 2006 1 次提交
    • D
      [XFRM]: Dynamic xfrm_state hash table sizing. · f034b5d4
      David S. Miller 提交于
      The grow algorithm is simple, we grow if:
      
      1) we see a hash chain collision at insert, and
      2) we haven't hit the hash size limit (currently 1*1024*1024 slots), and
      3) the number of xfrm_state objects is > the current hash mask
      
      All of this needs some tweaking.
      
      Remove __initdata from "hashdist" so we can use it safely at run time.
      Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
      f034b5d4
  3. 04 7月, 2006 1 次提交
    • C
      [PATCH] ZVC/zone_reclaim: Leave 1% of unmapped pagecache pages for file I/O · 9614634f
      Christoph Lameter 提交于
      It turns out that it is advantageous to leave a small portion of unmapped file
      backed pages if all of a zone's pages (or almost all pages) are allocated and
      so the page allocator has to go off-node.
      
      This allows recently used file I/O buffers to stay on the node and
      reduces the times that zone reclaim is invoked if file I/O occurs
      when we run out of memory in a zone.
      
      The problem is that zone reclaim runs too frequently when the page cache is
      used for file I/O (read write and therefore unmapped pages!) alone and we have
      almost all pages of the zone allocated.  Zone reclaim may remove 32 unmapped
      pages.  File I/O will use these pages for the next read/write requests and the
      unmapped pages increase.  After the zone has filled up again zone reclaim will
      remove it again after only 32 pages.  This cycle is too inefficient and there
      are potentially too many zone reclaim cycles.
      
      With the 1% boundary we may still remove all unmapped pages for file I/O in
      zone reclaim pass.  However.  it will take a large number of read and writes
      to get back to 1% again where we trigger zone reclaim again.
      
      The zone reclaim 2.6.16/17 does not show this behavior because we have a 30
      second timeout.
      
      [akpm@osdl.org: rename the /proc file and the variable]
      Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      9614634f
  4. 01 7月, 2006 12 次提交
    • C
      [PATCH] Light weight event counters · f8891e5e
      Christoph Lameter 提交于
      The remaining counters in page_state after the zoned VM counter patches
      have been applied are all just for show in /proc/vmstat.  They have no
      essential function for the VM.
      
      We use a simple increment of per cpu variables.  In order to avoid the most
      severe races we disable preempt.  Preempt does not prevent the race between
      an increment and an interrupt handler incrementing the same statistics
      counter.  However, that race is exceedingly rare, we may only loose one
      increment or so and there is no requirement (at least not in kernel) that
      the vm event counters have to be accurate.
      
      In the non preempt case this results in a simple increment for each
      counter.  For many architectures this will be reduced by the compiler to a
      single instruction.  This single instruction is atomic for i386 and x86_64.
       And therefore even the rare race condition in an interrupt is avoided for
      both architectures in most cases.
      
      The patchset also adds an off switch for embedded systems that allows a
      building of linux kernels without these counters.
      
      The implementation of these counters is through inline code that hopefully
      results in only a single instruction increment instruction being emitted
      (i386, x86_64) or in the increment being hidden though instruction
      concurrency (EPIC architectures such as ia64 can get that done).
      
      Benefits:
      - VM event counter operations usually reduce to a single inline instruction
        on i386 and x86_64.
      - No interrupt disable, only preempt disable for the preempt case.
        Preempt disable can also be avoided by moving the counter into a spinlock.
      - Handling is similar to zoned VM counters.
      - Simple and easily extendable.
      - Can be omitted to reduce memory use for embedded use.
      
      References:
      
      RFC http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113512330605497&w=2
      RFC http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=114988082814934&w=2
      local_t http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=114991748606690&w=2
      V2 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t=115014808400007&r=1&w=2
      V3 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115024767022346&w=2
      V4 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115047968808926&w=2Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      f8891e5e
    • C
      [PATCH] Use Zoned VM Counters for NUMA statistics · ca889e6c
      Christoph Lameter 提交于
      The numa statistics are really event counters.  But they are per node and
      so we have had special treatment for these counters through additional
      fields on the pcp structure.  We can now use the per zone nature of the
      zoned VM counters to realize these.
      
      This will shrink the size of the pcp structure on NUMA systems.  We will
      have some room to add additional per zone counters that will all still fit
      in the same cacheline.
      
       Bits	Prior pcp size	  	Size after patch	We can add
       ------------------------------------------------------------------
       64	128 bytes (16 words)	80 bytes (10 words)	48
       32	 76 bytes (19 words)	56 bytes (14 words)	8 (64 byte cacheline)
      							72 (128 byte)
      
      Remove the special statistics for numa and replace them with zoned vm
      counters.  This has the side effect that global sums of these events now
      show up in /proc/vmstat.
      
      Also take the opportunity to move the zone_statistics() function from
      page_alloc.c into vmstat.c.
      
      Discussions:
      V2 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t=115048227000002&r=1&w=2Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
      Acked-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      ca889e6c
    • C
      [PATCH] zoned vm counters: conversion of nr_unstable to per zone counter · fd39fc85
      Christoph Lameter 提交于
      Conversion of nr_unstable to a per zone counter
      
      We need to do some special modifications to the nfs code since there are
      multiple cases of disposition and we need to have a page ref for proper
      accounting.
      
      This converts the last critical page state of the VM and therefore we need to
      remove several functions that were depending on GET_PAGE_STATE_LAST in order
      to make the kernel compile again.  We are only left with event type counters
      in page state.
      
      [akpm@osdl.org: bugfixes]
      Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      fd39fc85
    • C
      [PATCH] zoned vm counters: conversion of nr_writeback to per zone counter · ce866b34
      Christoph Lameter 提交于
      Conversion of nr_writeback to per zone counter.
      
      This removes the last page_state counter from arch/i386/mm/pgtable.c so we
      drop the page_state from there.
      
      [akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]
      Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      ce866b34
    • C
      [PATCH] zoned vm counters: conversion of nr_dirty to per zone counter · b1e7a8fd
      Christoph Lameter 提交于
      This makes nr_dirty a per zone counter.  Looping over all processors is
      avoided during writeback state determination.
      
      The counter aggregation for nr_dirty had to be undone in the NFS layer since
      we summed up the page counts from multiple zones.  Someone more familiar with
      NFS should probably review what I have done.
      
      [akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]
      Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      b1e7a8fd
    • C
      [PATCH] zoned vm counters: conversion of nr_pagetables to per zone counter · df849a15
      Christoph Lameter 提交于
      Conversion of nr_page_table_pages to a per zone counter
      
      [akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]
      Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      df849a15
    • C
      [PATCH] zoned vm counters: conversion of nr_slab to per zone counter · 9a865ffa
      Christoph Lameter 提交于
      - Allows reclaim to access counter without looping over processor counts.
      
      - Allows accurate statistics on how many pages are used in a zone by
        the slab. This may become useful to balance slab allocations over
        various zones.
      
      [akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]
      Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      9a865ffa
    • C
      [PATCH] zoned vm counters: conversion of nr_pagecache to per zone counter · 347ce434
      Christoph Lameter 提交于
      Currently a single atomic variable is used to establish the size of the page
      cache in the whole machine.  The zoned VM counters have the same method of
      implementation as the nr_pagecache code but also allow the determination of
      the pagecache size per zone.
      
      Remove the special implementation for nr_pagecache and make it a zoned counter
      named NR_FILE_PAGES.
      
      Updates of the page cache counters are always performed with interrupts off.
      We can therefore use the __ variant here.
      Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      347ce434
    • C
      [PATCH] zoned vm counters: convert nr_mapped to per zone counter · 65ba55f5
      Christoph Lameter 提交于
      nr_mapped is important because it allows a determination of how many pages of
      a zone are not mapped, which would allow a more efficient means of determining
      when we need to reclaim memory in a zone.
      
      We take the nr_mapped field out of the page state structure and define a new
      per zone counter named NR_FILE_MAPPED (the anonymous pages will be split off
      from NR_MAPPED in the next patch).
      
      We replace the use of nr_mapped in various kernel locations.  This avoids the
      looping over all processors in try_to_free_pages(), writeback, reclaim (swap +
      zone reclaim).
      
      [akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]
      Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      65ba55f5
    • C
      [PATCH] zoned vm counters: basic ZVC (zoned vm counter) implementation · 2244b95a
      Christoph Lameter 提交于
      Per zone counter infrastructure
      
      The counters that we currently have for the VM are split per processor.  The
      processor however has not much to do with the zone these pages belong to.  We
      cannot tell f.e.  how many ZONE_DMA pages are dirty.
      
      So we are blind to potentially inbalances in the usage of memory in various
      zones.  F.e.  in a NUMA system we cannot tell how many pages are dirty on a
      particular node.  If we knew then we could put measures into the VM to balance
      the use of memory between different zones and different nodes in a NUMA
      system.  For example it would be possible to limit the dirty pages per node so
      that fast local memory is kept available even if a process is dirtying huge
      amounts of pages.
      
      Another example is zone reclaim.  We do not know how many unmapped pages exist
      per zone.  So we just have to try to reclaim.  If it is not working then we
      pause and try again later.  It would be better if we knew when it makes sense
      to reclaim unmapped pages from a zone.  This patchset allows the determination
      of the number of unmapped pages per zone.  We can remove the zone reclaim
      interval with the counters introduced here.
      
      Futhermore the ability to have various usage statistics available will allow
      the development of new NUMA balancing algorithms that may be able to improve
      the decision making in the scheduler of when to move a process to another node
      and hopefully will also enable automatic page migration through a user space
      program that can analyse the memory load distribution and then rebalance
      memory use in order to increase performance.
      
      The counter framework here implements differential counters for each processor
      in struct zone.  The differential counters are consolidated when a threshold
      is exceeded (like done in the current implementation for nr_pageache), when
      slab reaping occurs or when a consolidation function is called.
      
      Consolidation uses atomic operations and accumulates counters per zone in the
      zone structure and also globally in the vm_stat array.  VM functions can
      access the counts by simply indexing a global or zone specific array.
      
      The arrangement of counters in an array also simplifies processing when output
      has to be generated for /proc/*.
      
      Counters can be updated by calling inc/dec_zone_page_state or
      _inc/dec_zone_page_state analogous to *_page_state.  The second group of
      functions can be called if it is known that interrupts are disabled.
      
      Special optimized increment and decrement functions are provided.  These can
      avoid certain checks and use increment or decrement instructions that an
      architecture may provide.
      
      We also add a new CONFIG_DMA_IS_NORMAL that signifies that an architecture can
      do DMA to all memory and therefore ZONE_NORMAL will not be populated.  This is
      only currently set for IA64 SGI SN2 and currently only affects
      node_page_state().  In the best case node_page_state can be reduced to
      retrieving a single counter for the one zone on the node.
      
      [akpm@osdl.org: cleanups]
      [akpm@osdl.org: export vm_stat[] for filesystems]
      Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      2244b95a
    • C
      [PATCH] zoned vm counters: create vmstat.c/.h from page_alloc.c/.h · f6ac2354
      Christoph Lameter 提交于
      NOTE: ZVC are *not* the lightweight event counters.  ZVCs are reliable whereas
      event counters do not need to be.
      
      Zone based VM statistics are necessary to be able to determine what the state
      of memory in one zone is.  In a NUMA system this can be helpful for local
      reclaim and other memory optimizations that may be able to shift VM load in
      order to get more balanced memory use.
      
      It is also useful to know how the computing load affects the memory
      allocations on various zones.  This patchset allows the retrieval of that data
      from userspace.
      
      The patchset introduces a framework for counters that is a cross between the
      existing page_stats --which are simply global counters split per cpu-- and the
      approach of deferred incremental updates implemented for nr_pagecache.
      
      Small per cpu 8 bit counters are added to struct zone.  If the counter exceeds
      certain thresholds then the counters are accumulated in an array of
      atomic_long in the zone and in a global array that sums up all zone values.
      The small 8 bit counters are next to the per cpu page pointers and so they
      will be in high in the cpu cache when pages are allocated and freed.
      
      Access to VM counter information for a zone and for the whole machine is then
      possible by simply indexing an array (Thanks to Nick Piggin for pointing out
      that approach).  The access to the total number of pages of various types does
      no longer require the summing up of all per cpu counters.
      
      Benefits of this patchset right now:
      
      - Ability for UP and SMP configuration to determine how memory
        is balanced between the DMA, NORMAL and HIGHMEM zones.
      
      - loops over all processors are avoided in writeback and
        reclaim paths. We can avoid caching the writeback information
        because the needed information is directly accessible.
      
      - Special handling for nr_pagecache removed.
      
      - zone_reclaim_interval vanishes since VM stats can now determine
        when it is worth to do local reclaim.
      
      - Fast inline per node page state determination.
      
      - Accurate counters in /sys/devices/system/node/node*/meminfo. Current
        counters are counting simply which processor allocated a page somewhere
        and guestimate based on that. So the counters were not useful to show
        the actual distribution of page use on a specific zone.
      
      - The swap_prefetch patch requires per node statistics in order to
        figure out when processors of a node can prefetch. This patch provides
        some of the needed numbers.
      
      - Detailed VM counters available in more /proc and /sys status files.
      
      References to earlier discussions:
      V1 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113511649910826&w=2
      V2 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=114980851924230&w=2
      V3 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115014697910351&w=2
      V4 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115024767318740&w=2
      
      Performance tests with AIM7 did not show any regressions.  Seems to be a tad
      faster even.  Tested on ia64/NUMA.  Builds fine on i386, SMP / UP.  Includes
      fixes for s390/arm/uml arch code.
      
      This patch:
      
      Move counter code from page_alloc.c/page-flags.h to vmstat.c/h.
      
      Create vmstat.c/vmstat.h by separating the counter code and the proc
      functions.
      
      Move the vm_stat_text array before zoneinfo_show.
      
      [akpm@osdl.org: s390 build fix]
      [akpm@osdl.org: HOTPLUG_CPU build fix]
      Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
      Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
      Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
      Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
      Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      f6ac2354
    • J
      Remove obsolete #include <linux/config.h> · 6ab3d562
      Jörn Engel 提交于
      Signed-off-by: NJörn Engel <joern@wohnheim.fh-wedel.de>
      Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
      6ab3d562
  5. 28 6月, 2006 3 次提交
  6. 27 6月, 2006 1 次提交
  7. 26 6月, 2006 1 次提交
  8. 23 6月, 2006 2 次提交